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FDA和EUGMP將互認/QC問答集錦

EMA/ FDA Mutual Recognition Agreement moving forward


EMA/FDA互認協議向前推進

FDA和EUGMP將互認/QC問答集錦


A possible agreement between the European Medicines Agency EMA and the US Food and Drug Administration FDA on mutual recognition of drug facility inspections could already be signed in January 2017. This is noted in a report of the EU Commission: "The state-of-play and the organisation of the evaluation of the US and the EU GMP inspectorates were discussed. In light of the progress achieved, the conclusion of a mutual recognition agreement of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs) inspections by January 2017 is under consideration."


EMA和美國FDA之間關於製藥場所現場檢查的互認協議可能將於2017年1月簽署。「會議中討論了美國和EU GMP檢查團的評估組織和發展情況。根據目前進展,考慮將於2017年1月簽署GMP檢查的互認協議。」

FDA和EUGMP將互認/QC問答集錦


But, according to the Commission, some issues are still not resolved - like, for example, the exchange of confidential information and the inclusion of veterinary products in the scope of the text.


但是,根據歐盟委員會的說法,仍有一些問題有待解決----比如,保密信息的交換,獸葯是否包括在協議範圍內。


The "Report of the 15th Round of Negotations for the Transatlantic Trade and Invesment Partnership" summaries the 15th round of negotiations for the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) from 3rd to 7th October 2016 in New York.


「跨大西洋貿易和投資夥伴關係第15輪磋商報告」中總結了2016年10月3-7日在紐約召開的跨大西洋貿易和投資夥伴關係(TTIP)第15輪談判的內容。

FDA官網cGMP問答: QC部分(來源 Julia blog)


1. Many leading analytical balance manufacturers provide built-in "auto calibration" features in their balances. Are such auto-calibration procedures acceptable instead of external performance checks? If not, then what should the schedule for calibration be?許多領先的天平生產商為其天平提供內置式「自動校正」功能。這樣的自動校正程序是否可以替代外部性能測試呢?如果不能,那麼校正計劃應該是怎樣的?


The auto-calibration feature of a balance may not be relied upon to the exclusion of an external performance check (211.68). For a scale with a


built-in auto-calibrator, we recommend that external performance checks be performed on a periodic basis, but less frequently as compared to ascale without this feature. The frequency of performance checks depends on the frequency of use of the scale and the criticality and tolerance of the process or analytical step. Note that all batches of a product manufactured between two successive verifications would be affected should the check of the auto-calibrator reveal a problem. Additionally, the calibration of an auto-calibrator should be periodically verified--a common frequency is once a year--using National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)-traceable standards or NIST-accredited standards in use in other countries.


天平的自動校正功能不能完全替代外部性能檢查 (211.68)。對於具有內置式自動校正裝置的衡器來說,我們建議定期實施外部性能檢查,但相比於沒有此功能的衡器其頻次可以低一點。性能檢查的頻次取決于衡器使用的頻次,以及工藝或分析步驟的關鍵程度和允差。注意,如果自動校正裝置檢查中發現有問題的話,則兩次連續校正之間所生產的所有批次產品均會受到影響。另外,應定期採用國家標準技術局 (NIST) 的可追溯標準或其它國家所用的經NIST 認證的標準來核查自動校正裝置的校正---通常是一年一次。

2. Do CGMPs require that forced degradation studies always be conducted of the drug product when determining if a drug product stabilitytest method is stability-indicating?


在確定一個藥品穩定性測試方法是否具有穩定性指示性時,CGMP 是否要求都對藥品都進行強降解試驗?


No. Drug product stress testing (forced degradation) may not be necessary when the routes of degradation and the suitability of the analyticalprocedures can be determined through use of the following:


不是。如果降解途徑和分析方法的適當性可以通過使用以下資料確定時,不一定要進行藥品強降解試驗:

data from stress testing of drug substance


原料葯的強降解試驗數據


reference materials for process impurities and degradants


工藝雜質和降解產物的對照物質


data from accelerated and long-term studies on drug substance


原料葯加速和長期穩定性試驗數據


data from accelerated and long-term studies on drug product


製劑的加速和長期穩定性試驗數據


Additional supportive information on the specificity of the analytical methods and on degradation pathways of the drug substance may be availablefrom literature sources.


從文獻中也可以獲得關於分析方法專屬性和原料葯降解途徑的更多支持性信息。


Section 211.165(e) of the CGMP regulations states that the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility of test methods shall be establishedand documented. Further, section 211.166(a)(3) requires that stability test methods be reliable, meaningful, and specific, which means that the content of active ingredient, degradation products, and other components of interest in a drug product can be accurately measured without interference, often called "stability-indicating."


CGMP 法規的第211.165(e)部分說應建立並記錄分析方法的準確性、靈敏度、專屬性和重複性。還有,第211.166(a)(3)部分要求穩定性分析方法是可靠的、有意義的以及具有專屬性,這意味著可以準確測定製劑中活性成分、產物和其它有意義成分的含量,而不受到干擾,通常被稱為「穩定性指示性」。


The CGMP regulations do not specify what techniques or tests are to be used to ensure that one』s test methods are stability-indicating. However,evaluating the specificity of the test methods during forced degradation studies (i.e., exposing drug to extremes of pH, temperature, oxygen, etc.) of


drug substance and drug product often is necessary to ensure that stability test methods are stability-indicating. But in certain circumstancesconducting a forced degradation study of just the drug substance may be sufficient to evaluate the stability-indicating properties of a test method.


CGMP 法規並沒有指定用於確保分析方法具有穩定性指示的技術或測試。但是,為了確保穩定性試驗所用分析方法具備穩定性指示性,在原料葯和製劑強降解研究(即將藥物暴露於極端的pH 值、溫度、氧氣等環境)中評估一個分析方法的專屬性通常是有必要的。而在一定情形下,僅僅對原料葯進行強降解試驗可能就足以評估分析方法的稱定性指示性特性了。


Generally, in determining whether it is necessary to conduct forced degradation studies of the drug product, the specificity of the test method shouldbe evaluated for its ability to assay drug substance, degradants, and impurities, in the presence of each other, without interference. The evaluation also should provide assurance that there is not a potential for interaction between drug substance, degradants, impurities, excipients, and


container-closure system during the course of the shelf-life of the finished drug product.


一般來說,在確定是否有必要對製劑實施強降解研究時, 應該對分析方法的專屬性進行評估,查看其是否有能力在原料葯、降解產物和雜質共存時對這些成分進行分析,而不會被干擾。評估還應保證原料葯、降解產物、雜質、輔料和容器密閉系統之間在製劑成品的貨架其內不會發生相互反應。


Last, the rationale for any decision made concerning the extent of the forced degradation studies conducted as well as the rationale for concludingthat a test method is stability-indicating should be fully documented.


最後,要全面記錄所實施的強降解試驗的程度決策合理性,以及得到結論說一個分析方法具有穩定性指示性的合理性論證。


3. When performing the USP Particulate Matter in Injections test for a Large Volume Parenteral (LVP), is it acceptable to take the average among the units tested to determine if the batch meets its specification for this attribute?


在對大容量注射劑(LVP)做USP注射劑中顆粒物檢測時,是否可以採用受測單元測試結果的平均值來確定該批次是否符合此項目標準?


No. It is not acceptable to take the average among the LVP units tested in each batch/lot when following this method because the purpose of thismethod is to measure and limit intra-batch variability.


不可以。按照此方法檢測時,採用每批次里受測LVP 單元的平均值是不能接受的,因為此方法的目的是測量並限制批內差異。


"Particulate matter" refers to small, sub-visible particles. USP provides two tests for detecting such particulates--light obscuration andmicroscopic assay. Both are generally accepted for use in testing LVPs and small volume parenterals (SVP) for the determination of sub-visible particulate matter. Normally, samples are first tested by the light obscuration method; if the sample fails the specified limits, the microscopic assay method can then be used. However, the microscopic method can be the sole test if there is a documented technical reason or interference from the product under test that would make the light obscuration method unsuitable or the results invalid.


"顆粒物"指很小的、肉眼不可見的顆粒物。USP提供了兩種檢測方法來檢出此類顆粒物---光阻法和顯微鏡方法。兩種方法用於LVP和小容量注射劑(SVP)檢查用於確定不可見顆粒物時一般都是可以接受的。一般來說,會先採用光阻法來檢測,如果樣品不符合指定的標準,則可以再使用顯微鏡法。而如果有文件記載的技術原因或來自產品的干擾,會讓光阻法不適合或結果無效,則顯微鏡法則可以單獨測試。


Confusion about when averaging data is and is not acceptable is probably due to the sample preparation method for the light obscuration test (USP


). At least 2, 5-mL aliquots from each sampled unit or the pooled sample (see below) are to be used in the particulate count determination,


and the results from these aliquots are to be averaged for comparison with the specification. Note that the average is of the results from examining each aliquot and not between units. (The results of the first aliquot examined by light obscuration are to be discarded, and the subsequent aliquots--2 or more--are retained.) Pooling units prior to analysis is permitted only if the volume in each unit is less than 25 mL, in which case 10 ormore units may be pooled. If the volume in the SVP or LVP is 25 mL or more per unit, single units are to be examined by this method (USP ).


對於什麼時候可以對數據進行平均,什麼時候不可以平均的迷惑可能是由於光阻法樣品製備方法引起的(USP)。在顆粒物計數檢測中,從每個取樣單位中或傾出樣品(見下)中要取用至少2.5ml 液體,從這些液體檢測中所得的結果要進行平均計算,然後和標準進行比較。注意,這些用於平均值計算的結果是來源於同一液體的檢驗,而不是不同受檢單元(光阻法檢測的第一份液體結果要棄除,保留之後的結果---2 個或更多)。只是當每個單元的體積小於25ml 時,才允許在檢驗之前將製劑從包裝里傾倒出來,這時可能會需要倒出10個或更多包裝單位。如果每個SVP 或LVP 單元里的體積為25ml 或更多,則應該使用一個單元供本法檢測(USP)。


Results among the test units cannot be averaged because particulate matter is assumed to be non-uniformly dispersed throughout the lot. The intent


of assessing results from each individual unit is to ensure adequate representation of the lot and to detect potential variation within a lot.


不同製劑單位的結果不能做平均計算,因為顆粒物被認為是不均勻地分散在一個批次中。評估每個單獨包裝單位的結果意在確保足以代表該批次,並能檢出一個批次內潛在的差異。


As to the number of individual units to be tested for LVP and SVP units having a volume of 25mL or more, the USP states that the number of units


tested depends on "statistically sound sampling plans," and "sampling plans should be based on consideration of product volume, numbers ofparticles historically found to be present in comparison to limits, particle size distribution of particles present, and variability of particle counts between units." The USP also suggests that the total number of units tested for any given batch may be less than 10 units (for LVP and pooled SVPs) with proper justification. This is consistent with the CGMP requirement for statistical sampling plans (see 211.165).


到於體積達到或超過25ml 的LVP 和SVP 包裝單位里要被檢測的單個包裝單位的數量,USP 說該數量取決於「統計學合理的取樣計劃」,以及「取樣計劃應基於產品體積、歷史上發現的顆粒物數量相比於限度、所發現的顆粒物的粒徑分布、不同包裝單位之間顆粒物計數差異的考慮」。USP 還建議對於任何指定的批號,如果有適當的論證,要檢測的包裝單位總數量可以少於10 個單位(對於LVP 和傾出SVP)。


這與統計學取樣計劃的CGMP 要求是一致的(參見211.165)。


4. Can Total Organic Carbon (TOC) be an acceptable method for detecting residues of contaminants in evaluating cleaning effectiveness?


總有機碳(TOC)是否可以作為清潔效果評估里污染物殘留檢測的方法?


Yes. Since the publication of the inspection guide on cleaning validation in 1993, a number of studies have been published to demonstrate the


adequacy of TOC in measuring contaminant residues.


可以。自從1993 年清潔驗證檢查指南發布之後,已有大量研究被發布用以證明TOC 在污染物殘留測量中的充分性。


We think TOC or TC can be an acceptable method for monitoring residues routinely and for cleaning validation. But in order for TOC to befunctionally suitable, it should first be established that a substantial amount of the contaminating material(s) is organic and contains carbon that can be oxidized under TOC test conditions. This is not a trivial exercise because we know that some organic compounds cannot be reliably detected using TOC.


我們認為TOC 或TC 用作殘留的日常監測方法和清潔驗證方法是可以接受的。但是為了確保TOC 方法的適用性,首先應該確定主要數量的污染物是有機物,並且含有可以在TOC 測試條件下被氧化的碳。這種做法並不過分,因為我們知道有些有機化合物使用TOC 是無法可靠檢出的。


TOC use may be justified for direct surface sample testing as well as indirect (rinse water) sample testing. In either case, because TOC does notidentify or distinguish among different compounds containing oxidizable carbon, any detected carbon is to be attributed to the target compound(s) for comparing with the established limit. Thus, a firm should limit background carbon (i.e., carbon from sources other than the contaminant being removed) as much as possible. The established limit, or the amount of residue detected for comparison to the specification, should correct for the target material s composition of carbon. As for any cleaning method, recovery studies are necessary (211.160(b)). If TOC samples are being held for long periods of time before analysis, a firm should verify the impact of sample holding time on accuracy and limit of quantitation.


可以通過論證證明TOC 能用於直接表面取樣測試,以及間接(淋洗)取樣測試。兩種情況,由於TOC 並無法識別或區分出含有易氧化碳的不同化合物,所有檢出的碳都會計為目標化合物,與既定限度進行比較。因此,公司應儘可能限制「背景」碳(即,不是需要清除的污染物來源的碳)。所制訂的限度,或者是所檢出用於與標準相比較的殘留數量,均應使用目標物料的碳含量進行計算。所有的清潔方法均需進行回收率研究(211.160(b))。如果TOC 樣品放置時間過長才進行檢測,公司應確認樣品放置時長對定量準確性和定量限的影響。


5. Would a paramagnetic or laser oxygen analyzer be able to detect all possible contaminants or impurities in a medical gas? 順磁或激光氧


分析儀是否可以檢出醫用氣體中所有可能的污染物或雜質?


No. Although, paramagnetic and laser oxygen analyzers are very accurate and reliable when calibrated correctly, these types of analyzers can only


detect the identification and strength of oxygen. They are unable to detect contaminants or impurities that may be present, such as hydrocarbons or


arsenic compounds. According to the USP General Notices, Foreign Substances and Impurities section, "it is manifestly impossible to include in


each monograph a test for every impurity, contaminant, or adulterant that might be present." The USP monograph test for oxygen does not include


an impurity screen and other analyzers may need to be used. For example, assays for hydrocarbon impurities are routinely conducted during the


oxygen manufacturing process even though the USP does not list hydrocarbons as an impurity. Also, alternative methods may be needed to testhigh-pressure cylinders for cleaning solution residues.


不能。雖然順磁和激光氧分析儀在正確校正的情況下是非常準確可靠的,但這類分析儀只能鑒別以及檢出氧含量,而不能檢出可能的污染物和雜質,如,碳氫化合物或砷化合物。根據USP 通則,異物和雜質部分,「顯然,在每一個各論中包括對所有雜質、污染物和可能出現的偽藥成分的檢測是不可能的」。USP 各論中對氧氣的檢測並不包括雜質篩選,如果要做,則可能需要使用其它的分析儀。例如,儘管USP 里並沒有將碳氫化合物列為雜質,但一般在氧氣生產過程中都會檢測碳氧化合物。還有,可能需要有替代方法來檢測高壓氣瓶的清潔溶液殘留。


6. Can up to twelve month expiration-dating be assigned to oral solid and liquid dosage forms repackaged into unit-dose containers based onguidance in the May 2005 draft revision of Compliance Policy Guide, Section 480.200 (7132b.11), 「Expiration Dating of Unit Dose Repackaged


Drugs」?


在將固體口服和液體口服製劑重新包裝至單劑量容器後,是否可以根據2005 年修訂後的《符合性方針指南》第480.200(7132b.11)草案「單位劑量重新包裝藥品有效期計算」給定12 個月的有效期呢?


No. In May 2005, a Notice of Availability of the draft revision of FDA s Compliance Policy Guide Section 480.200 (CPG 7132b.11), 「Expiration


Dating of Unit-Dose Repackaged Drugs,」 was announced in the Federal Register. The draft CPG specifies certain conditions when it may bepossible to assign up to twelve month expiration-dating to non-sterile solid and liquid oral drug products repackaged into unit-dose containers without conducting new stability studies to support the length of expiration-dating on the repackaged products. The draft CPG was prompted by United States Pharmacopeia (USP) standards for assigning up to a twelve month "beyond-use date" to non-sterile solid and liquid oral dosage forms dispensed in unit-dose containers. (「Beyond-use date」 is USP』s pharmacy dispensing term for specifying a date on a prescription container beyondwhich a patient should not use the product.) If finalized, FDA』s draft CPG would replace the current version of CPG Section 480.200. The currentversion of CPG Section 480.200 was finalized in March 1995 and provides conditions under which FDA will not initiate action for assigning up to six month expiration dating for drug products repackaged into unit-dose containers without conducting new stability studies.


不可以。2005 年5 月,《聯邦通訊》發布了修訂後的《符合性方針指南》第480.200(7132b.11)草案「單位劑量重新包裝藥品有效期計算」通知。CPG 草案指明在某些條件下可以為重新包裝至單劑量容器的非無菌固體口服和液體口服製劑給定12 個月有效期,而不需要新的穩定性研究數據來支持重新包裝後藥品的有效期長度。CPG 草案是由USP 標準推出的,它為分裝至單劑量容器中的非無菌固體和液體口服製劑給定「超出使用日期」12 個月。(「超出使用日期」是USP 的藥房配藥術語,用於在處方容器上指定一個日期,超出這個日期後患者就不應該再服用此葯)。如果最終定稿,FDA 的CPG 草案會替代當前的CPG 第480.200 部分。當前的CPG 第480.200 部分是在1995 年3月定稿的,它指定了在哪些條件下將藥品重新包裝至單劑量容器中,可以給定6 個月有效期,而不需要進行新的穩定性研究,FDA 不會


採取措施。


FDA is conducting a stability study of certain commercially repackaged drugs to determine the suitability of the draft revision of CPG Section480.200. Until the stability study is complete and FDA evaluates all comments submitted to the public docket in response to the May 2005 Federal Register Notice of Availability, the agency does not intend to make a final decision on the draft revision of CPG Section 480.200. Consequently, at this time and until FDA announces a final decision on the draft CPG, the current CPG ection.480.200, which was finalized in March 1995, is in effect.


FDA 正在對某些商業化重新包裝的藥品進行穩定性研究,以確定修訂後CGP 第480.200 部分草案的適用性。在完成穩定性試驗,FDA 對所有提交到公眾信箱的對2005 年5 月《聯邦通訊》中發布的通知的建議進行評估之前,當局並無意將草案變成最終決定。因此,目前階段,在FDA 宣布CPG 草案定稿之前,現行的1995 年3 月定稿的CPG 第480.200 部分還是有效的。


(由於公眾號篇幅字數限制,以下只提供中文版)


7.使用一個未經驗證的方法來檢測藥品成分或製劑是否恰當?


CGMP 法規要求使用經過驗證的方法對製劑生產用原料、在制物料和成品進行日常檢驗(21 CFR 211.160, 211.165(e), and 211.194)。方法驗證研究提供證據證明一個方法符合其既定用途。該用途一般是用於測量特定的物料的指標是否符合既定的質量標準(參見FDA 行業指南,ICH Q2(R1))。


但是FDA 了解在對潛在的質量問題或缺陷進行調查的過程中,一些特定情形下使用根據科學合理的原則(例如,足夠的準確性和精密度)開發但未全面驗證的分析方法可能也是適當的。例如,調查藥品或其組分(例如,肝素中OSCS)中的異常雜質或可能污染物可能會顯示需要日常質量控制檢測之外的方法。此類檢測可能對於快速充分評估問題和保護公眾健康來說是很關鍵的。在某些調查中進行檢測時,可能不太現實也不合適對方法的耐用性和重現性進行全面的評估。


當一個公司,不管因為什麼原因,使用未經驗證的方法檢驗藥物成分或藥品時,很重要的一點是要認識,相比於經過驗證的方法,未經驗證的方法其檢測結果的不確定度更大。當然,所獲得的結果數據可能會給出重要信息,需要立即採取糾正措施。相應地,我們期望所有此類對藥物成分或藥品的檢測結果要進行審核,以評估是否需要跟進措施(211.192 and 211.180(e))。


8.FDA 是否撤回了1987 年指南「鱟試劑檢測作為人用注射用藥、生物製品和醫療器械的成品內毒素檢測」?


是的,FDA 撤回了1987 年的指南。1987 年的指南被認為過時了,不能反映出當局對此主題當前的看法。


9. 藥品生產商在哪兒能找到關於內毒素檢測的信息?


USP 在通論細菌內毒素測試中發布了內毒素測試建議和可接受標準。SP提供了藥品的檢測方法和計算限度。必要時,FDA 可以提供另外的指南來澄清當局目前對使用LAL 以及其它內毒素檢測方法的想法。


10.如果一個藥品曾經被暴露在青黴素中,是不是只要沒有檢出青黴素殘留,就可以放行該非青藥物呢?


21 CFR 211.176 青黴素污染允許銷售經過法定方法檢測並且未發現受到青黴素污染的非青藥物。但是,只有要符合其它所有適用的CGMP要求前提下,該放行才是可以接受的。在有些情形下,公司不恰當地應用了§ 211.176 來銷售不在CGMP 條件下生產的藥物。尤其是,21 CFR 211.42(d)要求青黴素藥物的生產操作應該在與其它非青人葯隔離的設施中進行。類似地,21 CFR 211.46(d)要求青黴素和非青藥物的


空氣處理系統完全獨立。


例如,如果一個非青藥物是在一個與青黴素生產區域共用的設備或空氣處理系統的設施里生產的(違反§ 211.46(d)),則非青藥物就不能只是通過檢測來達到CGMP 符合性要求了。而如果在青黴素專用 區域和其它獨立的生產區域之間的一扇門被無意間打開,導致其它區域可能暴露於青黴素中,檢測這些非青藥物中的青黴素殘留則可以支持其放行銷售。


但是,根據21 CFR 211.165,所有非青藥物檢測和放行取樣計劃和可接受標準,包括所有青黴素污染檢測,必須足以確保受測藥物符合其所有質量標準。


11.一個生產青黴素製劑的工廠是否可以清除污染,重新改造用於非青黴素製劑的生產?改造後不再其中生產青黴素藥品。


可以,但是污染清除可能會非常難。污染清除過程必須包括科學合理的研究,證明污染清除用試劑的有效性,在污染清潔前後在整個區域進行統計學意義取樣以驗證其清潔度,對這些樣品採用經過驗證的具有適當檢出限的分析方法進行適當檢測。CGMP 法規21 CFR 211.176 要求如果非青黴素藥品有合理可能性曾經暴露於青黴素交叉污染的話,則非青黴素藥品必須進行測試,證明其無青黴素殘留,如果使用法定方法檢測發現可以檢出青黴素,則該藥品不得銷售。如果污染清除做的不是很有效,則可能會存在此合理可能性。儘管CGMP法規並沒有禁止清除污染並改變其用途,但對青黴素殘留的清潔難度可能會導致此過程相當艱難。


12. 非青黴素藥品中的青黴素殘留是否有可接受水平?


沒有。在非青黴素藥品中沒有建立青黴素產品的安全水平(參見FDA 行業指南,以下參考文獻)。在21CFR 211.42(d)和211.46(d)中的CGMP規定要求青黴素生產設施和空氣處理系統必須與其它藥品生產用生產設施和空氣處理系統要充分隔離。21 CFR 211.176 說非青黴素藥品中如果根據法定方法檢測並發現有青黴素殘留的話,則不能銷售。如果證明有替代方法等同或優於所引用的方法,則也可以使用替代方


法來檢出青黴素殘留。


13.多劑量容器中的注射用藥品中,進入抽取一定劑量的次數是否是確定有效期的一個因素?


一般來說不是。除多劑量容器標示了指定體積劑特定的次數外,在藥品用完或達到其有效期之前,從多劑量容器中抽取藥品的次數是沒有限制的。對於多劑量容器的基本擔憂是多次穿刺容器塞子可能會導致藥品污染。儘管為此類藥品的制訂的有效期是基於藥品穩定性的,穩定性方案應包括測試和評估容器密閉完整性的要求。容器密閉完整性測試可以包括使用泄漏測試從物理方面測試密閉系統的密封性,以及監測系統防止微生物污染的能力。對於多劑量注射藥品的容器,功能性測試可以包括自封能力測試,採用皮下注射針穿刺容器塞子(參見以下USP 參考文獻)。另外,多劑量容器中的注射用製劑通常配方中含有抗微生物劑或防腐劑----或者內含抗微生物的成分----必須符合批准的申報資料(NDA/ANDA,BLA)和/或USP 要求。


14.在將在制品/中間體粉料混合物和研磨物、待放行丸/粒、片芯用於最終製劑時,如果沒有單獨的穩定性研究,能放多久?


對於理化性質穩定和在制品/中間體物料,對其進行基於風險的科學評估有助於識別出哪種物料屬性和工藝參數可能會影響其將用於生產的製劑成品的關鍵質量屬性。此評估的設計應確保所存貯的物料(在適當的存貯條件下)在指定的時間段內仍適合用於製劑成品的生產中,而不需要進行正式的穩定性研究來驗證存貯期限。在有些情形下,風險評估可以包括所存貯物料的取樣和檢測(由風險評估決定在哪個階段),以驗證生產存貯期限。


但是,對於不穩定性的物料,或者是對於存貯時間已超出風險評估所定的期限的物料,公司應根據批准的穩定性試驗方案進行穩定性研究以驗證存貯期限。穩定性試驗應包括對在制品/中間物料存貯直至其用於製劑成品生產的時長,應包括對使用了該在制品/中間物料所生產的製劑成品批次的長期監測。


在後一種情形下,當生成了適當的穩定性數據時,公司應根據在制品/中間物料的生產/放行日期來計算製劑成品批次的有效期,而不是根據製劑成品的生產日期來計算。


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