讀詩賞譯 戴望舒《雨巷》及9個英譯本
《雨巷》是戴望舒的成名作，講述了一位徘徊於悠長、狹窄、陰沉的雨巷的獨行者，期待碰到一位像丁香一樣結著愁怨的姑娘，然最終卻與之擦肩而過，給人留下了朦朧幽深的印象，反映了詩人迷茫感傷又充滿希望的心境。該詩寫於1927年。創作背景是當時中國社會正經歷了黑暗的時刻，反動派對革命者實行血腥屠殺，發生了『四·一二』大屠殺事件，年僅22歲的詩人，投身革命而被捕，面對全國的白色恐怖，詩人陷入了苦惱、彷徨、迷茫。故《雨巷》被一些學者認為是當時黑暗社會現實和理想幻滅的縮影。當然隨著時代的變遷，在和平年代，這種作者『意圖論』的解讀或許要讓位於『愛情』追求視角的解讀。或許詩中所描寫的男女主角情形在小編看來，可以歸結為『迷倒萬千少女心，迷茫阡陌少年郎』。戴望舒的詩風大抵上還是帶有中國古典詩詞的中婉約、清麗的韻致，然其又深受十九世紀末法國詩歌中崛起的象徵主義的詩歌創作影響（法國象徵派詩人通常通過憤世嫉俗、頹廢的方式去反抗資本主義的秩序），故其詩歌中通常採用一些暗示隱喻等修辭手法表現內心對社會的瞬間情感，時不時帶著一股憂鬱、消沉、孤獨之感。此外，該詩還吸取了西方詩歌中的一些技法，比如語言復沓，音韻反覆，來強化全詩的音樂性和抒情色彩，讓人聽起來悅耳、和諧。故該詩發表於《小說月報》第19卷第8號時，其編輯葉紹鈞對《雨巷》給予高度評價：《雨巷》『替新詩底音節開了一個新紀元』。卞之琳在《戴望舒詩集》的序中也褒中帶貶地評價說：』《雨巷》讀起來好像舊詩名句「丁香空結雨中愁」的現代白話版的擴充或者稀釋。一種回蕩的旋律和一種流暢的節奏，確乎在每節六行，各行長短不一，大體在一定間隔重複一個韻的七節詩里，貫徹始終。用慣了的意象和用濫了的詞藻，卻使這首詩的成功顯得淺易、浮泛。" 還有朱湘給戴望舒的信中亦指出《雨巷》與西方作品和唐詩的共同之處，認為『《雨巷》在音節上完美無疵』，與美國詩人 Edgar Allan Poe的詩『Annabel Lee』有著『異曲同工』之妙，『在音節上，比起唐人的長短句來，實在毫無遜色』。總體上，《雨巷》是一首佳作。
此次林苑君選取了該詩的9個英文譯本。譯者分別為許景城，楊憲益、戴乃迭 、Wai-Lim Yip，Gregory B. Lee，Michelle Yeh，Rewi Alley，丁祖馨，朱曼華，唐正秋。以饗讀者。原詩反覆提到『彷徨』，那麼每個譯本又是如何處理的呢？楊戴譯本通篇基本上用『wander』，Wai-Lim Yip譯本用『hesitate』， Gregory B. Lee 用『loiter』和『walk』， Michelle Yeh、Rewi Alley皆用『wander』,丁祖馨用感情色彩中性的『walk』，朱曼華、唐正秋主要用『wander』和『walk』，許景城的譯本在「彷徨」處理上顯得更妙些，分別用同義詞『dawdle』, "linger" 『wander』, "loiter"來對應，避免了簡單機械化地重複。尤其是第一闋和最後一闋通過『dawdle』和『loiter』來展示詩人前後不同的心境。開始的第一闋用"dawdle" (v. move slowly and idly in a particular direction)來對應"彷徨"，此時表示詩人看似好無目的得徘徊，其實暗示了他是有目的性去逢著一位希望逢著的姑娘。而到了最後一闋，原詩重複『彷徨』，然此刻的意境有異於剛開始的意境，因為詩人希望逢著的女郎已與他擦肩而過，此時的「彷徨」略帶有失落、茫然、無目的之感，故用"loiter" (v. walk slowly and with no apparent purpose)較為合適。至於譯文如何展現原詩的"音韻復沓"，譯本各有千秋，具體細節，望讀者自賞自析。河北衛視新聞主播紅葉、王益豪朗誦原漢詩，雙語主播李強朗誦許景城的英譯文（譯者許景城也朗誦了自己的譯本），錄音師張暉進行音頻編輯。特此感謝。為了展現原詩的『復沓』、『彷徨』，及考慮讀者聽眾的欣賞趣味，我們在音頻編輯上循環反覆、靈活地呈現了中英文詩的朗誦。欲知詳情，且聽音頻。
中文原詩
雨巷
戴望舒 作
一
撐著油紙傘，獨自
彷徨在悠長、悠長
又寂寥的雨巷，
我希望逢著
一個丁香一樣地
結著愁怨的姑娘。
她是有
丁香一樣的顏色，
丁香一樣的芬芳，
丁香一樣的憂愁，
在雨中哀怨，
哀怨又彷徨；
二
她彷徨在寂寥的雨巷，
撐著油紙傘
像我一樣，
像我一樣地
默默踟躇著
冷漠，凄清，又惆悵。
她默默地走近，
走近，又投出
太息一般的眼光
她飄過
像夢一般地，
像夢一般地凄婉迷茫。
三
像夢中飄過
一枝丁香地，
我身旁飄過這個女郎；
她靜默地遠了，遠了，
到了頹圮的籬牆，
走盡這雨巷。
在雨的哀曲里，
消了她的顏色，
散了她的芬芳，
消散了，甚至她的
太息般的眼光
丁香般的惆悵。
四
撐著油紙傘，獨自
彷徨在悠長、悠長
又寂寥的雨巷，
我希望飄過
一個丁香一樣地
結著愁怨的姑娘。
譯本1
A Rainy Alley
By Dai Wangshu
許景城 譯
Holding an oil-paper umbrella, forlorn
I dawdle back and forth along a long,
long but lonely rainy alley.
I』m eager badly
to come across a beauty
like a lilac curled by anxiety.
She does bear
a lilac-like hue,
a lilac-like sweet air,
and a lilac-like rue,
in the rain tearing,
moaning and wandering.
She lingers in this rainy alley lonely
holding an oil-paper umbrella tightly,
like me,
just like me
roving quietly,
looking cold, somber and gloomy.
She silently comes close,
closer, yet only throws
a glance like a sigh.
She passes by,
like a grieving dream,
like a confusing dream.
Like a lilac in a dream
floating and drifting,
she leaves me behind, I deem:
Quietly she』s farther and farther walking,
to the ruined fence and wall,
out of this rainy lane at all.
In this rainy rue
vanishes her hue,
fade her sweet airs,
and even the shares
of her sigh-like glance,
and lilac-like sad trance.
Holding an oil-paper umbrella, forlorn
I loiter back and forth along a long,
long but lonely rainy alley.
I』m eager badly
to be passed by a beauty
like a lilac curled by anxiety.
Translated in Menai View Terrace, Bangor
02-05-2016
譯本2
A Lane in the Rain
By Dai Wangshu
楊憲益、戴乃迭 譯
Alone holding an oil-paper umbrella,
I wander along a long
Solitary lane in the rain,
Hoping to encounter
A girl like a bouquet of lilacs
Gnawed by anxiety and resentment.
A girl
The colour of lilacs,
The fragrance of lilacs,
With the worries of lilacs,
Feeling melancholy in the rain,
Plaintive and hesitating.
She wanders along the solitary lane inthe rain,
Holding an oil-paper umbrella
Just as I do,
Just like me,
Walking slowly in silence,
Aloof, sad and melancholy.
Silently she comes closer,
Closer, giving me
A glance like a sigh;
Then she floats past
Like a dream,
Dreary and blank like a dream.
Like a lilac
Floating past in a dream,
the girl floats past me;
Silently she goes further and further,
To the crumbling wall,
Out of the lane in the rain.
In the mournful melody of the rain,
Her colour has faded,
Her fragrance has disappeared,
Vanished into the void;
Even her glance like a sigh,
Melancholy like lilacs.
Alone, holding an oil-paper umbrella,
I wander along a long
Solitary lane in the rain,
Hoping to pass
A girl like a bouquet of lilacs
Gnawed by anxiety and resentment.
譯本3
The Alley in the Rain
By Dai Wangshu
Wai-Lim Yip 譯
Holding an oil-paper umbrella, alone,
I hesitate in a long, long,
Sparse, quiet alley in the rain.
Would that I encountered
A girl, sorrow-laden,
Like a lilac.
A girl with
Color like the lilac,
Fragrance like the lilac,
Sadness like the lilac,
Pensive in the rain,
Hesitating and pensive.
Hesitating in this sparse, quiet alley in the rain,
Holding an oil-paper umbrella,
Like me,
Like me,
Moving slowly, silently,
Cold, plaintive, melancholy.
She comes quietly closer,
Closer, casts
A glance like a sigh,
And floats past
Like a dream,
Like the misty grief in a dream.
Floating past like a dream,
Like a twig of lilac,
This girl floats past me,
And quietly moves away, away,
Toward the broken bamboo-fence,
And lost in the alley in the rain.
In the sad refrain of the rain,
Has disappeared her color,
Has disappeared her fragrance,
Has disappeared even her
Sigh-laden glance,
The lilaclike melancholy.
Holding an oil-paper umbrella, alone,
I hesitate in a long, long,
Sparse, quiet alley in the rain.
Would that I encountered
A girl, sorrow-laden,
Like a lilac.
譯本4
Rainy Alley
By Dai Wangshu
Gregory B. Lee 譯
Holding up an oil-paper umbrella,
I loiter aimlessly in the long, long
and lonely rainy alley,
I hope to encounter
a lilac-like girl
nursing her resentment.
A lilac-like color she has,
a lilac-like fragrance,
a lilac-like sadness,
melancholy in the rain,
sorrowful and uncertain;
She loiters aimlessly in this lonely rainy alley,
holding up an oil-paper umbrella
just like me
and just like me
walks silently,
apathetic, sad and disconsolate.
Silently she moves closer,
moves closer and casts
a sigh-like glance,
she glides by
like a dream
hazy and confused like a dream.
As in a dream she glides past
like a lilac spray,
this girl glides past beside me;
she silently moves away, moves away,
up to the broken-down bamboo fence,
to the end of the rainy alley.
In the rain』s sad song,
her color vanishes,
her fragrance diffuses,
even her
sigh-like glance,
lilac-like discontent
vanish.
Holding up an oil-paper umbrella, alone
aimlessly walking in the long, long
and lonely rainy alley,
I wish for
a lilac-like girl
nursing her resentment to glide by.
譯本5
Alley in the Rain
By Dai Wangshu
Michelle Yeh 譯
With an oil-paper umbrella, alone I
Wander in a long
Lonely alley in the rain,
Hoping to meet
A melancholy girl
Like a lilac.
She has
The coloring of a lilac,
The fragrance of a lilac,
The sorrow of a lilac–
Melancholy in the rain,
Melancholy and lost.
She wanders in the lonely alley in the rain
With an oil-paper umbrella
Like me,
Just like me,
Roaming quietly,
Indifferent, sad, and wistful.
She comes close
And casts
A look like a sigh;
She drifts by
Like a dream,
Like a sad, bewildering dream.
She drifts by like a lilac
In a dream;
The girl drifts by me.
She walks farther and farther
Until she reaches the broken fence
At the end of the alley in the rain.
Gone is her color,
Dimmed by the sad tune of the rain;
Gone is her fragrance;
Even her gaze like a sigh,
Her lilaclike wistfulness,
Are dispersed.
Alone, with an oil-paper umbrella I
Wander in this long
Lonely alley in the rain,
Hoping to meet
A melancholy girl
Like a lilac.
譯本6
A Lane in Rain
By Dai Wangshu
Rewi Alley 譯
Holding an oilpaper umbrella,
I wandered alone down
a long, long, solitary lane in the rain
hoping to meet that singularly sad girl
who reminded me of a lilac.
She seemed so mournful in the rain,
Wandering,
with the darkness of a lilac,
the sweetness of a lilac,
the sadness of a lilac.
She wandered down this lonely lane
holding an oilpaper umbrella
just like me,
and like me
walking slowly and silently,
listless, desolate, disconsolate.
Silently she neared me,
coming closer,
giving me a look
as if with a sigh,
then wafted past me as if in a dream,
bleak and distant.
Like a spray of lilac floating past
in dreams,
the girl passed me,
going on quietly, further, further,
till she reached
the crumbling wall
at the lane』s end.
In the melancholy rain,
her color faded,
her fragrance lost, together with
her look that was like a sigh, and
her sadness as that of lilac.
Holding an oilpaper umbrella,
I wandered alone down
a long, long, solitary lane in the rain,
hoping to waft by that singularly sad girl
who reminded me of a lilac.
譯本7
Rainy Alley
By Dai Wangshu
丁祖馨 譯
Holding a light umbrella
I walk back and forth alone
In a silent, rainy alley,
A long, an endlessly long alley,
Hoping to meet
A girl as sweet, as blue
As the lilac bud that knits her brows.
As graceful as lilac,
As fragrant as lilac,
As sad as lilac:
Back and forth she walks,
Worried in the rain,
Sad in the rain.
Holding a light umbrella
Back and forth she walks, and walks,
In this silent, rainy alley,
As I pace and plod,
Silent, alone,
Wearing my solitude, my sadness and pain.
Quietly she walks close by me,
Then closer, then closer,
Casting a glance
As if of a sigh,
She floats on by me
Plaintive as a dream,
A hazy dream,
A sad dream.
As if what flies by me
Is a branch of lilac in a dream,
The girl flits by me
In silence, in a distance
More distant, more distant,
Floats to a ruined wattled wall
At the end of this rainy alley.
And her rose-like color fades,
Her sweet, sweet fragrance fades,
To the sad tune of the rain.
Her glance disappears, her sign disappears,
Her lilac-like sadness.
Holding a light umbrella
I walk back and forth alone
In a silent, rainy alley,
A long, an endlessly long alley,
Hoping to meet
A girl as sweet, as blue
As the lilac bud that knits her brows.
譯本8
Rain Lane
By Dai Wangshu
朱曼華 譯
My umbrella being unfolded on,
Along the lane, narrow but long,
Alone I was wandering down.
I longed to meet
A bitter lilac-like girl,
She』s in resentful sorrow.
She was such a girl:
In lilac-like color,
With lilac-like smell,
She behaves in the lilac-like gloomy style.
She was sad in raining,
Walking back and forth, walking...
Walking down the lonely lane.
She upheld the umbrella-shaft
As I did,
As I did along the narrow lane.
To be silent,
Lonely, melancholy, indifferent.
In silence she was approaching,
On and on, approaching,
Glancing and glancing.
She』s passing by my side gently.
I could see her as if dreaming of fancy.
Leaving me coldly, she looks vast and hazy.
Like a lilac floating lightly,
Into my dream is the lady.
Gently passing by me,
Far, far away, she was vanishing silently,
To the end of the narrow way,
In which a ruined fence lay.
Her sad rainy song,
Or her pale face with her feeling down,
Her fragrance was not strong.
Even her sighing eyesight
Not so bright, but disconsolate.
Unfolding my umbrella, alone
The lonesome rain-lane long, long,
I wandered on, feeling down.
I longed to see a lilac girl,
Gently on her go,
She』s in resentful sorrow.
譯本9
The Alley in the Rain
By Dai Wangshu
唐正秋 譯
Holding an umbrella, I』m alone
Wandering about the long, long,
Lonely alley in the rain,
Hoping to encounter
A girl who bears her melancholy
Like a lilac flower.
She has
The color of a lilac,
The fragrance of a lilac,
And the melancholy of a lilac.
She looks sorrowful in the rain,
Sorrowful and depressed.
She paces the lonely alley,
Holding an umbrella,
Like me,
Just like me –
Walking quietly and slowly
In coldness, solitude and melancholy.
Quietly she comes close,
Close to me and casts
A glance, like a sigh.
She drifts away
Like a dream–
So dreary and deep.
Like a lilac flower drifting by
In a dream,
The girl passes by me;
Quietly she is walking away and away,
To a broken hedge,
To the end of the alley in the rain.
In the plaintive tune of the rain
Her color fades,
Her fragrance disappears,
So do her sighing glance
And lilac-like melancholy.
Holding an umbrella, I』m alone
Wandering about the long, long,
Lonely alley in the rain,
Hoping to see passing by
A girl who bears her melancholy
Like a lilac flower.
（文章來自公眾號「林苑」）