希臘考古學家宣布：亞里士多德之墓被找到了

撰文 Alexia Vlachou / Mary Harris

翻譯 黃雁翔

導讀

亞里士多德是古希臘百科全書式的學者，亞歷山大大帝的老師、柏拉圖的學生，公元前384年出生於斯塔吉拉，公元前322年卒於埃維亞島。昨日，希臘考古學家宣稱經過20年的挖掘，他們在希臘古城斯塔吉拉找到了亞里士多德之墓。是真是假？請看來自新華網和Greek Reporter的兩篇報道，附英文原文。

希臘考古學家宣布：亞里士多德之墓被找到了

新華網 / Alexia Vlachou

希臘考古學家星期四（北京時間昨日）宣布，他們有大量跡象表明，偉大的哲學家亞里士多德之墓已經在希臘北部的一座古城斯塔吉拉（Stageira）被找到了。

亞里士多德是亞歷山大大帝的老師，也是柏拉圖的學生，他公元前384年出生於斯塔吉拉，公元前322年卒於埃維亞島（Evia）。

亞里士多德之墓所在的小島

據希臘的國家新聞機構AMNA報道，在距離雅典北部約300公里的古城斯塔吉拉進行了長達20年的挖掘後，考古學家科斯塔斯?西斯曼尼蒂斯（Kostas Sismanidis）在塞薩洛尼基（Thessaloniki）召開的一次學術會議上宣布在斯塔吉拉找到的墓是亞里士多德的，而且有大量跡象支持他的理論。

雖然他也承認「沒有確切證據」，但是他強調在這座古城的調查結果顯示這座建築就是這位偉大哲學家的墓。

亞里士多德之墓復原圖

為紀念亞里士多德誕辰2400年，塞薩洛尼基亞里士多德大學（Aristotle University of Thessaloniki）以「亞里士多德2400年」為主題組織了一次世界大會，以促進對這位偉大哲學家的研究工作的國際化。

這次會議從5月23日持續到5月28日（北京時間5月24日—5月29日），彙集了國際一流的研究亞里士多德的學者，他們也有機會參觀斯塔吉拉，這是亞里士多德的出生的地方，也是他為亞歷山大大帝講課的地方。

亞里士多德之墓

這位著名的哲學家完成了多達200篇著作，其中只有31篇倖存下來了，這些著作包含了從生物學、物理學到戲劇、音樂，以及政治與倫理等生命和人類生存的方方面面。

亞里士多德2400年歷史的墓在斯塔吉拉被找到了

Greek Reporter / Mary Harris

希臘考古學家聲稱他們在中馬其頓大區的古城斯塔吉拉找到了亞里士多德之墓。在「亞里士多德2400年」世界大會上，他們認為這座2400歲的墓是他們20年考古挖掘中最重要的發現。

亞里士多德之墓被找到的消息是由考古學家科斯塔斯?西斯曼尼蒂斯宣布的，據他稱，從1996年至今的考古挖掘的結果可以得出這座墓是亞里士多德的。

亞里士多德之墓的遺址

亞里士多德於公元前384年出生於斯塔吉拉，公元前322年卒於卡爾西斯（Chalcis）的埃維亞島。這位偉大的哲學家原本一直被認為埋葬在卡爾西斯，然而，考古學家現在確信他們找到的就是亞里士多德之墓。有兩個文獻資料表明，斯塔吉拉人已經將他的骨灰轉移到了他的出生地。

這個丘狀圓頂墓具有可追溯至希臘化時期的大理石地板。它位於斯塔吉拉城中心，在阿格拉（Agora）附近，擁有360度的視角。單從這座墓獨特的位置就可以輕易地看出墓主人是公眾人物，同時考古學家也指出這座匆忙修建的墓穴在之後曾用優質材料裝飾過。墓外有一座祭壇和一塊方形的地板。

亞里士多德之墓外形復原圖

墓圓頂的頂部直徑大約10米，在一座拜占庭式的塔樓周圍是一塊方形地板。半圓形的牆有約2米高。有一條通向墓裡面的路，是為那些向墓主人致敬的人修建的。其他的發現包括皇家陶器廠生產的陶瓷，以及可以追溯至亞歷山大大帝時期的50個硬幣。

這座墓的結構是被拜占庭人摧毀的，他們在它上面建造一座方形塔樓。

兩篇英文報道原文

Xinhuanet—Strong indications ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle"s tomb unearthed: archaeologists

by Alexia Vlachou

ATHENS, May 26 (Xinhua) -- Greek archaeologists announced on Thursday they had strong indications that the tomb of the great philosopher Aristotle has been unearthed in Stageira, an ancient city in northern Greece.

Aristotle, who was tutor of Alexander the Great and Plato"s pupil, was born in 384 BC at Stageira and died in Evia, the second largest island in Greece, in 322 BC.

After a 20-year excavation has been carried out in ancient Stageira, about 300 km north of Athens, archeologist Kostas Sismanidis said during a forum held in Thessaloniki that there are very strong indications to support his theory that a tomb found in Stageira belonged to Aristotle, Greek national news agency AMNA reported.

While "there was no proof" as Sismanidis acknowledged, he stressed that the findings in the ancient city indicate that the building was used as a tomb for the great philosopher.

Celebrating 2,400 years since the birth of the ancient Greek philosopher, the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki organized a world conference under the title "Aristotle 2400 years" in order to promote internationally the work of the great philosopher.

The congress, which runs from May 23 to 28, brings together leading Aristotle scholars at global scale, giving the opportunity to visit also Stageira, the birthplace of Aristotle and the place where he taught Alexander the Great.

The famous philosopher wrote as many as 200 works, of which only 31 survived, on all aspects of life and human existence, from biology and physics to theatre and music, as well as politics and ethics.

（http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2016-05/27/c_135391576.htm）

Greek Reporter—Aristotle』s 2,400-Year-Old Tomb Found at Stagira

by Mary Harris

Greek archaeologists at Ancient Stagira, Central Macedonia, say they have found Aristotle』s tomb. Addressing the Aristotle 2400 Years World Congress, they point to the 2,400-year-old tomb as the most important finding from the 20-year excavation.

The discovery of the tomb of Aristotle was announced by archaeologist Kostas Sismanidis, according to whom the findings from the 1996 excavation lead to the conclusion that the tomb belongs to Aristotle.

Aristotle was born in Stagira in 384 BC and died in Chalcis, Evia, at 322 BC. The great philosopher was originally believed to have been buried at Chalcis, however, archaeologists are now certain that the tomb they have found belongs to Aristotle. Two literary sources indicate that the people of Stagira may have transferred his ashes to his birthplace.

The mounded domed tomb has a marble floor dated to the Hellenistic period. It is located in the center of Stagira, near the Agora, with 360-degree views. The public character of the tomb is evident by its location alone, however archaeologists also point to a hurried construction that was later topped with quality materials. There is an altar outside the tomb and a square-shaped floor.

The top of the dome is at 10 meters and there is a square floor surrounding a Byzantine tower. A semi-circle wall stands at two-meters in height. A pathway leads to the tomb』s entrance for those that wished to pay their respects. Other findings included ceramics from the royal pottery workshops and fifty coins dated to the time of Alexander the Great.

The tomb structure was destroyed by the Byzantines, who built a square tower on top of it.

（http://greece.greekreporter.com/2016/05/26/aristotles-2400-year-old-tomb-found-at-stagira-photographs/）

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