外媒說這11條標語改變了中國！你能猜中幾條？

在中國現當代的發展中有過不少「口號」「標語」（事實上許多國家都有過）。或宣傳動員，或激勵人心，或批評懲戒，不同的標語有過不同的作用，成為國家發展進程中獨特的一筆記憶。

那麼，在外媒眼中，究竟哪些標語重要到「改變了中國」呢？

BBC的這篇文章里總結了11條，涵蓋了新中國成立到當下的近70年時光。

一起來圍觀下這些標語，看有沒有你猜中的——

1. Let 100 flowers bloom

(百花齊放) 1956

這個標語有些年頭了，可能爺爺奶奶輩的人會更加熟悉。

在文章中，作者先解釋了一下中國標語中獨特的「四字」現象——

The use of slogans is solidly linked to patterns in everyday Chinese speech, where shortrhythmic phrasesare considered to be the clearest way of speaking.

然後，介紹了「百花齊放」一詞的來源——

"Let a hundred flowers bloom; let a hundred schools of thought contend" was borrowed from a prhase in theWarring States period, which ended in 221 BC.

「Warring States period」：戰國時期。百花齊放，百家爭鳴，也是源於人們對於春秋戰國諸子百家爭芳鬥豔、學術思想繁榮的形容。

學文科的小夥伴們，還記得儒家、道家、法家、墨家等各流派的大致主張嗎？

2. Dare to think, dare to act

(敢想敢幹) 1958

The crucial slogan during theGreat Leap Forward, a two-year campaign where Mao encouraged peasants to join together in collective farms.

「Great Leap Forward」：大躍進。

顯然，這是一條有著特殊背景的標語，它的身上有著鮮明的時代印記。

3. Smash the four olds

(破四舊) 1966

「四舊」究竟是哪四舊？別說老外了，年齡小一點兒的中國人都未必知道。

於是這篇文章來科普了——

It exhorted young cadres to destroy anything regarded as "old" - loosely defined asold ideas, customs, culture, and habits.

「舊思想，舊文化，舊風俗，舊習慣」是曾經對於「四舊」的統稱。

當然，對於歷史咱們要批判地繼承，是精華的不能棄之不用，是糟粕的也不可敝帚自珍。

4. Smash the gang of four

(打倒四人幫) 1976

Propaganda posters at the time portrayed them as traitors.

The most famous featured caricatures of their faces with a red cross through it, stating:"Decisively Throw Out the Wang-Zhang-Jiang-Yao Anti-Party Clique!"

同樣地，這是一條有著鮮明時代印記的標語。

5. Reform and opening up

(改革開放) 1978

這個標語算是有著劃時代的重要意義了。

對於這個標語的誕生背景，文章簡單地介紹了一下——

Deng Xiaoping was quick toset China on coursefor economic reform. First he quietly dropped references to "class struggle", the ubiquitous slogan printed in newspapers and hanging from banners for the previous 12 years.

Instead, newspapers and posters were now filled with the"four modernisations", a pithy policy platform proposed in the 1960s but never enacted under Mao.

「set... on course」表示「給……設定航線」 「給……指明出路」。

所以說，鄧爺爺是改革開放的「總舵手」，這個形容一點而也沒有錯啊~

「four modernizations」：四個現代化。估計現在能說出「四化」是哪四化的年輕人已經不多了……

6. Seek truth from facts

(實事求是) 1978

"Only if weemancipate our minds, seek truth from facts,proceed from reality in everything and integrate theory with practice,can we carry out our socialist modernisation programme smoothly,"Deng said in a 1978 speech.

當年耳熟能詳的一段發言變成了英文版，你還認得出來嗎？

7. Have fewer children, raise more pigs

(少生孩子多養豬) 1979

這個標語挺逗的，翻譯得也很簡單粗暴。

對於不明白時代背景的老外來說，什麼「少生孩子多養豬」感覺就跟天書一樣奇怪。

在文章中，作者也介紹了一下這個標語的時代背景——「計劃生育」政策：

A bizarre example from a slew of phrases connected with theone-child policy.

Such slogans were not necessarily approved by the central authorities, but have been daubed on walls byzealous local officialsfor decades.

是咯，正如上面所說的，「少生孩子多養豬」並不是一個來自中央的官方標語（畢竟這標語還是有點……過於接地氣了），而是地方政府用得比較多。

至於下面這些言辭比較激烈的標語（不排除有後人惡搞的成分在），相信即使換了一種語言，你也能認出來——

More graphic slogans have included: "Induce labour! Abortion! Anything but an excess baby", "If one family has an excess baby, the whole village will be sterilised" and "One more baby means one more tomb".

當然，近些年的計劃生育標語要顯得溫和得多。

比如下面這句——

Their new approach suggested phrases such as:"Mother Earth is too tired to sustain more children."

8. Three represents

(三個代表) 2000

進入了新世紀，這些新的標語和理念越來越多為年輕人所熟知。

比如下面這段話，相信也是不少文科生曾經背過噠——

"The party must always represent the requirements of the development of China sadvanced productive forces, the orientation of the development of China s advanced culture, and thefundamental interestsof the overwhelming majority of the people in China."

「advanced productive forces」：先進生產力。

至於最後半句那個「最廣大人民群眾的根本利益」，翻譯成英文也非常簡單，很好理解。

9. Harmonious society

(和諧社會) 2005

生產力是上去了，經濟也發展起來了，於是執政者將重點由單一的「保增長」慢慢轉移到多個方面：社會公不公平？法制健不健全？百姓過得幸不幸福？

又是一段90後也不陌生的話——

Mr Hu launched his platform as a deliberate response to the inequalities caused by rapid economic growth in the 1980s and 1990s, saying in a 2005 speech:"A harmonious society should feature democracy, the rule of law, equity, justice, sincerity, amity and vitality."

10. Three supremes

(三個至上) 2007

"In their work, the grand judges and grand procurators shall always regard as supreme the party s cause, the people s interest, and the constitution and law,"he said.

「三個至上」更側重法律工作者，所以公眾的知曉程度或許不及「和諧社會」等。

11. Chinese dream

(中國夢) 2013

「中國夢」是近兩年大家耳熟能詳的三個字啦！相比起之前的一些標語和理念，是不是更加簡單易懂接地氣了呢？

每一個標語，都代表著一個特定的時代。看著上面的這11個標語，就像簡要回顧了一遍新中國的發展歷史，在磕磕碰碰中螺旋式上升。有過曲折，但未來依舊光明：）

文章來源：環球時報英文版

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