地道的口語發音，是技術也是藝術

每一個努力的人

周末送乾貨。之前做口語方面的文章不少，多是偏表達方式的，如何表達更地道，同樣的意思怎麼說更委婉。今天這篇鍛煉口語的小技巧是從發音角度講，很基礎，明白易懂好上手。

Hacking Your Language Study

巧學英語

My favourite tricks focus on the aspects of English that are very easy to master, and I develop ways around the parts of English that are 「hard」 to understand. Usually, it s not the language itself that s 「hard」, but your method for studying might be causing the language to seem more challenging. If you look at those challenges in a new light then they can become much easier!

英語學習的訣竅中，我最喜歡的最容易掌握，最「難」理解的部分我會重點擊破。一般來說，語言本身並不「難」，「難」的是學習的方法不對，會讓一切努力事倍功半。如果你換一個角度看這些難點，它們就會變得簡單多了。

Simple Rules for Pronouncing ~ed

~ed的發音規則

One of my favourite pronunciation hacks for English learners is how to properly pronounce ~ed.

這是我最愛的英語發音絕招之一，即正確發出~ed這個音。

In my experience this is one of the most obvious parts of a foreign accent. Luckily, it s also one of the easiest to fix. Learning the right way to say ~ed can have a huge impact on your accent. But best of all it is very easy to learn.

以我的經驗來看，這個部分的發音錯誤最明顯，不過這個部分也是最容易糾正的。如何正確發出~ed對你的英語口語有重大影響。最最重要的還是它糾正起來最最簡單。

There are only three possible ways to pronounce this, and (unlike much of the English language) the rules are consistent:

~ed只有三種發音，它可不像其他英語發音千變萬化，它的發音規則是有跡可循的：

Rule1: After a d or t, pronounce it as [?d].

規則1：跟在d或者t後面，請發[?d].

In English, it s not possible to say a t and d sound immediately after each other, so we add in the vowel sound. Do this in words like wanted, painted, ended, admitted, suggested, started, etc.

英語中t和d連在一起不可能直接發這兩個音，所以兩者之間需要加一個母音。將這個規則用在如下單詞：wanted, painted, ended, admitted, suggested, started等。

Rule2: After the sounds p, f, s, ch, sh and k, pronounce it as [t].

規則2：如果~ed跟在p,f,s,ch,sh和k之後，請將其發成[t]。

These sounds cannot be followed by a d in English, so the sound changes to a [t]. Do this in words like stopped, laughed (f sound), finished, and walked.

以上一連串的字母不可以直接接d，所以需要變音為[t]。請發音如下單詞： stopped, laughed (尾部是f的發音 ), finished, 以及 walked。

Rule3: In all other cases, pronounce it as [d].

規則3：其他的情況下，ed發音為[d]

Take care not to pronounce the e sound in ~ed here: just pronounce the [d]. Try it in the words imagined, cleaned, enjoyed, cried, and allowed.

請注意，不要將~ed中的e真正發出來，發[d]就好。請嘗試朗讀如下單詞：imagined, cleaned, enjoyed, cried, and allowed

The Position of Your Mouth

注意口型

Another way to remember this is to think of the position of your mouth in the part of the word before the ~ed.

還有一種方法，記住發~ed音的時候你的口型是怎樣的。

For the first rule, notice that d and t are both sounds created by putting your tongue on the roof of your mouth. Because they re in nearly the same spot, it s hard to move between them without adding in a vowel! Try it out.

對規則1來說，要發出d和t兩個音，都需要將舌頭頂住上齶，發音位置近乎一致。所以要連續發這兩個音是很困難的，必須要在中間加一個母音！現在再發音試試看吧。

For the second rule, all but one of the sounds (k) is made by putting your lips or teeth together.

對於規則2，所有的音（除了k）都需要嘴唇或者牙齒閉合。

For the third rule, most of the sounds have either a hummed sound (like n or m) or an open, vowel position (like a or o) prior to the ~ed.

規則3，跟在~ed之前，大部分的音都跟「哼」的聲音很像（像n或者m的發音）,或者是一個開母音的發音位置（如a或者o的發音）。

Just remember that certain mouth positions lend themselves to being compensated for with different ways of saying ~ed, and you re good to go!

只要記住一些口型是為了迎合~ed發音而變化的，發准音絕沒問題！

And if that is still too confusing?

如果你還是覺得沒弄明白的話怎麼辦？

Then just remember this one rule: for the majority of cases, when you see ~ed, you should pronounce it like [d] (rather than [?d], which is only relevant after d or t). If you use this pronunciation by default when you re not sure, you re most likely to get it right.

只要記住這一條法則就行：大部分情況下，你看到~ed就發音為[d]（而不是[?d],因為只有d和t同時出現的時候才需要)。如果在你不確定的時候那就這麼發音吧，發音正確的概率還是很高的。

Making English Easy

讓英語變得小菜一碟

Even if you only follow this one, easy rule, it will help you with your English pronunciation, and soon enough the looks of confusion on the faces of your English-speaking friends will turn to smiles and nods of understanding.

單單這一個絕招，就能幫你提升英語發音。很快你的外國朋友會舒展臉上疑惑的眉頭，一展理解的笑容，頻頻點頭。

This applies to all languages you may be learning, not just English. If you re also learning Spanish, French, German, Italian, or Chinese along with English, you ll find more hacks you can use right away in the FI3M language guides.

不僅是英語，對於學習所有的外語這都適用。一旦你學了這幾招，語言學習就會飛速進步，你就會明白為什麼英語學習so easy啦！

下面，奉上20個老外表達時的高頻句子，熟練運用會讓你的口語更地道哈！

After you.

你先請。

Don』t take it to heart.

別往心裡去，別因此而費神。

We』d better be off.

我們該走了。

Let』s face it.

面對現實吧。(當你不願意躲避困難時，就用它吧)

Let』s get started.

咱們開始干吧。

I』m really dead.

我真的要累死了。(有的時候當你的課業負擔太重的時候，不妨對你的英語老師說吧)

I』ve done my best.

我已經儘力了。

Is that so?

真是那樣的嗎?

Don』t play games with me.

別跟我耍花招。(某人說，這句話的意思難道不是「不要跟我一起玩遊戲」嗎?汗死!)

I don』t know for sure.

我不確切知道。(這比說「I don』t know的效果好很多呢)

I』m not going to kid you。

我不是跟你開玩笑的。

That』s something.

太好了，太棒了。(有沒有覺得That』s good很土呢?)

Do you really mean it?

此話當真?

You are a great help.

你幫了大忙了。

I couldn』t be more sure.

我再肯定不過了。(如果你很強烈的想要人家相信你，就用這個句子吧)

I am behind you。

我支持你。

I』m broke.

我身無分文。(難道是因為口袋破了，就一毛錢都沒有了嗎?)

Mind you.

請注意!聽著!

That depends.

看情況再說。

It』s a deal.

一言為定。

以下是一些讓你的句子有禮貌的方法

———★———

1，西方人（主要指有一定修養的歐美人）在與他人交流時，比較多地使用情態動詞：can、could、may、might、would等等；情態動詞（Model Verbs）又稱為情態助動詞（Model Auxil-iaries），表示說話人的語氣，可表達建議、要求、可能和意願等，使得說話的語氣比較有禮貌。

2，比較多地使用虛擬語氣，比如would (had) rather、would (had) sooner、would (just) as soon等等，或者在陳述句中使用過去式表示虛擬語氣，或者使用if等引導的從句表示「可能性」。這樣說話可以使人感覺表達者是在考慮達到最佳的結果或方式，盡量避免不好的結果或方式，或者推測可能出現的問題，並找出可能解決的辦法。

3，往往在句尾加please，而不是在句首加please。當please用在句首的時候，語氣聽起來就比較強，聽起來像命令。比如請求別人做某事的時候，我們中國人會說「請在周一前給我回復。謝謝。」但是如果你直接用英語說「Please reply to me by Monday. Thank you.」聽者會覺得你是在命令他，一點禮貌也沒有。而如果這樣說：「Could you please reply to me by Monday? Thank you.」就顯得有禮貌了。

4，在陳述句的表達可能顯得生硬、沒禮貌時，盡量使用疑問句、否定句或從句，盡量避免自己的主觀判斷或武斷，以積極的、建議的、比較的、人性的語氣，代替消極的、命令的、直接的、武斷的語氣。

5，說話要以他人為中心，以肯定他人、贊同他人為前提，讓自己顯得謙卑、渺小。說完之後，還要附帶一句「Thank you」或「Thanks」。其實，這種禮貌的表達方式是來自古老的中國。這是東西方文化的共同點，也是為人處世的基本原則。了解英語中禮貌的表達方式，盡量讓自己的英語表達更有禮貌，融入社會。

西方人那些弱爆了的語言邏輯

———★———

When the British say "With the greatest respect... " They mean "I think you are an idiot." But what others understand is "He is listening to me."

當西方人說「出於最大的尊重…」時，他們的意思是「我覺得你太二了」，而其他人卻理解成了「他正聽我說話呢」。

When the British say "That s not bad. " They mean "That s good." But what othersunderstand is "That s poor."

當西方人說「不算太糟」時，他們的意思是「太好了」，而其他人卻理解成了「太差了」。

When the British say "That is a very brave proposal. " They mean "You are insane." But what others understand is "He thinks I have courage."

當西方人說「那真是一個非常有勇氣的提議」時，他們的意思是「你真是瘋了」，而其他人卻理解成了「他覺得我很有膽識」。

When the British say "Quite good. " They mean "A bit disappointing." But what othersunderstand is "Quite good."

當西方人說「很不錯哦」時，他們的意思是「有點小失望」，而其他人卻理解成了「真心不錯」。

When the British say "I would suggest... " They mean "Do it or be prepared to justify yourself." But what others understand is "Think about the idea, but do what you like."

當西方人說「我想建議的是……」時，他們的意思是「去實踐或者做好準備證明你自己」，而其他人卻理解成了「考慮一下他的點子，但還是做我想做的」。

When the British say "Oh, incidentally / by the way... " They mean "The primary purpose of our discussion is..." But what others understand is "That is not very important."

當西方人說「順便說一句……」時，他們的意思是「我們討論的最根本目的是……」，而其他人卻理解成了「接下來的話不是非常重要」。

When the British say "I was a bit disappointed that... " They mean "I am annoyed that..." But what others understand is "It doesn t really matter."

當西方人說「我對……有點小失望」時，他們的意思是「我對……很惱火」，而其他人卻理解成了「無傷大雅」。

When the British say "Very interesting. " They mean "That is clearly nonsense." But what others understand is "They are impressed."

當西方人說「非常有意思啊」時，他們的意思是「那明顯是瞎扯淡」，而其他人卻理解成了「那真是讓人印象深刻」。

When the British say "I ll bear it in mind. " They mean "I ve forgotten it already." But what others understand is "They will probably do it."

當西方人說「我刻在腦子裡了」時，他們的意思是「我已經不記得了」，而其他人卻理解成了「他們大概會去做的吧」。

When the British say "I m sure it s my fault. " They mean "It s your fault." But what others understand is "Why do they think it was their fault?"

當西方人說「我確定是我錯了」時，他們的意思是「那其實是你的錯」，而其他人卻理解成了「為什麼他們會覺得是他們的錯呢？」

When the British say "You must come for dinner. " They mean "It s not an invitation, I m just being polite." But what others understand is "I will get an invitation soon."

當西方人說「你一定要來赴宴」時，他們的意思是「那絕不是什麼邀請，我只不過想禮貌一些」，而其他人卻理解成了「馬上我就會收到一個邀請了」。

When the British say "I almost agree. " They mean "I don t agree at all." But what othersunderstand is "He s not far from agreement."

當西方人說「我基本同意」時，他們的意思是「我一點兒都不同意」，而其他人卻理解成了「他真的是非常非常同意啊」。

When the British say "I only have a few minor comments. " They mean "Please re-write completely." But what others understand is "He has found a few typos."

當西方人說「我只是有一點兒建議」時，他們的意思是「請從頭到尾地重寫一份吧」，而其他人卻理解成了「他只不過發現了一些言語錯誤」。

When the British say "Could we consider some other options?" They mean "I don t like your idea." But what others understand is "They have not yet decided."

當西方人說「我們可以再考慮一些其他的選擇嗎？」時，他們的意思是「我著實不喜歡你的點子」，而其他人卻理解成了「他們還沒有決定下來吧」。

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