傳媒與社會篇 ISSUE 5

Does Online Communication Compromise the Rights of an Individual When Information Is 「Anonymous」?

ISSUE SUMMARY

網路與我們使用的其它工具的不同之處在於它的匿名性，匿名和隱私常常被混為一談。

有時我們自以為刪除了在電腦上留下的信息，但信息仍會以緩存等形式存儲下來，被泄露或惡意散播。

Stuff You Should Know

向上滑動

Data mining(the analysis step of the "Knowledge Discovery in Databases" process, or KDD), an interdisciplinary subfield of computer science, is the computational process of discovering patterns in large data sets involving methods at the intersection of artificial intelligence, machine learning, statistics, and database systems. The overall goal of the data mining process is to extract information from a data set and transform it into an understandable structure for further use.

In boxing, aweight classis a standardized weight range for boxers. The lower limit of a weight class is equal to the upper weight limit of the class below it. The top class, with no upper limit, is called heavyweight in professional boxing and super heavyweight in amateur boxing. A boxing match is usually scheduled for a fixed weight class, and each boxer s weight must not exceed the upper limit. Although professional boxers may fight above their weight class, an amateur boxer s weight must not fall below the lower limit. A nonstandard weight limit is called acatch weight.

The"carrot and stick" approach(also "carrot or stick approach") is an idiom that refers to a policy of offering a combination of rewards and punishment to induce behavior.

AOL: 美國境內提供線上加值網路服務的公司（American On Line）

Taking Sides

YES

全國各地的新聞網站都試圖讓網民文明評論，但由於網路的匿名性，這幾乎是無法控制的。

許多網路巨頭開始從公眾手中收回匿名特權，把發言的機會留給負責的、願意公開身份民眾。

網路匿名評論一方面給了用戶完全坦率的自由，但另一方面也讓他們擁有了決定一個企業生死的權力，當這種自由被濫用，謊言會被傳播以達到別有用心的目的。

而取消網路匿名又和新聞網站鼓勵用戶增加使用時長的目的背道而馳。

新聞網站對於匿名評論現象應該採取軟硬兼施的辦法，既保持社會凝聚力，又保持一定的威懾力(收集使用者的身份信息，如果用戶行為違反規定，真實姓名會被公開)。

EXPRESSIONS

good intentions often backfire, and life in the digital age comes with some possible breaches of trust

identity theft 身份盜竊，身份盜用

assume a level of responsibility on the part of those who exercise these freedoms

hide behind one』s online anonymity

generate a flood of impassioned reactions

public housing 公共住房，政府為低收入者所建的住房

name calling 罵人

first family 有社會地位的人家；總統家庭；第一批移民中的一家

farm animal 家畜；耕畜

tipping point 臨界點；引爆點

The pros of hosting a robust, freewheeling conversation had become outweighed by the cons of all the venom and nastiness, by people who are allowed to name-call without any obligation to reveal their own names.

take the playground back from anonymous bullies and give greater weight to those willing to offer, in addition to strong views, their real names

anonymous commentary is a push and pull between privacy and trust

make or break 孤注一擲；要麼成功要麼毀滅

mask hidden agendas

scrapping anonymity isn』t such a clear-cut call

hidden gem 隱藏的美好事物

get worked up 激動，生氣

take down 記下；拿下；拆卸；病倒

National Guard 國民警衛隊；國民自衛軍

on guard against 提防

pass over 越過；忽略；寬恕；迴避

keep score (在比賽等中)記分數

(sth.) dawn(s) on sb. 開始理解，漸漸明白

kick off [足球]中線開球；[口]（使）開始；[美，口]死；踢開

off base 大錯特錯的；冷不防地

Red Sox 紅襪隊（美國職棒大聯盟棒球隊名）

front burner 優先地位；應優先考慮處理的事件

carrot and stick 軟硬兼施的；胡蘿蔔棍棒並用的

Without these two levers, the social contract breaks down.

slice and dice 大卸八塊

zip code 郵政編碼

NO

隱私性和匿名性像是雙胞胎，要求用戶提供個人信息破壞了他們的匿名性。

我們在網路上留下的痕迹可能比在現實生活中留下的痕迹廣泛得多，現在的技術可以做到同時讓廣告商通過用戶的瀏覽記錄來定向投放廣告，又保護用戶的隱私，互聯網可以提升用戶之間的緊密聯繫。

現在的網路系統還可以通過瀏覽記錄做到在用戶打開危險網站之前給出警告，提高安全性，而用戶可以選擇參與或不參與這種功能體驗，關鍵在於信任。

我們可以選擇在網路上展示給別人什麼樣的形象，但是匿名性不等同於隱私，信息時代給我們帶來了巨大的便利，我們幾乎不可能在享受現代社會帶來的所有好處的同時保持完全的匿名性。

如果不允許人們在網路上暢所欲言，他們很可能會尋找別的方式發泄，結果可能是更嚴重的犯罪。我們不能和自己的基因對抗，不該貿然執法/管制。

EXPRESSIONS

reach targeted consumers

bear little or no resemblance to actual users』 real-life identities

op-ed （報紙的）專欄版，特寫稿版（opposite editorial page）

exercise a lapse of good taste or good conduct

forward electronic messages to others

get over 克服；恢復；熬過；原諒

furnish a sturdier basis for the protection of individual rights and freedoms

be unaware of the fact that their spontaneous actions may leave permanent trails in cyberspace

ISP 網路服務提供商（Internet Service Provider）

opt out 決定退出；插播；請求免除opt in 選擇參加

assume increasing importance

pass off 停止；完成；忽視

Internet allows greater flexibility for users to choose the personality that they want to present to others.

It is often a cause for concern that modern life confers too much privacy, to the extent that the weak vulnerable can suffer in isolation.

loyalty card 優惠卡；購物卡

spark off considerable debate

We can all be identified in myriad ways and in some respects that serves to at least limit the extent to which out anonymity might be compromised.

If people cannot commit small sins, they may more easily be tempted to attempt more serious offenses.

at one s peril 自己擔風險

draw an analogy with… 拿...打比方

construct an accurate portrayal of users

Minds Sparkle.

Annabellemoments

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