九一八！豈能忘！忘則亡！

Memories of 1931 Mukden Incident remain divisiv

導讀:今天是9月18日。86年前的今天，日軍悍然發動了九一八事變，打響了日本法西斯侵略中國的第一槍。此後15年，中華民族陷入了生死存亡的緊要關頭。15年，四萬萬同胞奮起反抗，打倒日本帝國主義。

Today marks the 86th anniversary of the 1931 Mukden Incident (also known as the Manchurian Incident), when Japanese troops staged a bombing of their own railway by placing explosives near the train tracks. Even though the explosion did minimal damage and a train managed to pass the damaged section soon thereafter, this 「attack」 was blamed on the Chinese and used as a pretext to invade and pacify Manchuria. This was the beginning of the Fifteen Year War (1931-45), a Japanese-instigated conflagration that caused widespread regional devastation.

今天是1931年奉天事變（亦稱「滿洲事變」）的第86個周年紀念日。當年，日軍通過在鐵軌附近放置炸藥上演了炸毀他們自己的鐵路的一幕。雖然爆炸損害極小，隨後一輛火車還成功地駛過了受損路段，但是日軍將此次「攻擊」的責任推到了中國人頭上，並將其作為侵略和平定滿洲的一個借口。這是十五年戰爭（1931-45）的開端，由日本人鼓動的此次大騷亂給地區造成了廣泛破壞。

The Manchuria-based Kwantung Army assassinated Manchurian warlord Zhang Zuolin in 1928, but the plotters were not disciplined, thus encouraging extremism. Some of these conspirators subsequently staged the 1931 incident that precipitated wider hostilities, hijacking Japan down a path that lead to the Nanking Massacre in 1937 and Pearl Harbor in 1941.

1928年，駐滿洲的關東軍暗殺了滿洲軍閥張作霖，但是由於陰謀者們不守紀律，遂鼓動了極端主義。隨後，一些同謀者們上演了1931年事件，它積澱著更多敵意，致使日本走上了1937年南京大屠殺和1941年珍珠港事件的道路。

The League of Nations sent the Lytton Commission to investigate Japan』s seizure of Manchuria. It did not implicate Japan as the aggressor and accepted at face value that Chinese were responsible for the train bombing. However, the commission found that Japan』s subsequent military pacification of the region was not justified and questioned the legitimacy of Manchukuo, the puppet state Japan established in 1932 in Manchuria.

國聯派出了利頓委員會調查日本強佔滿洲一事。它沒有表明日本為侵略者，並且事實上接受了中國對火車爆炸負責。然而，該委員會發現，日本後續對該地區的軍事平定是非法的，它質疑了滿洲國的合法性，滿洲國系日本於1932年在滿洲建立的傀儡國家。

When the League of Nations met to discuss the findings in February 1933, a motion was tabled to condemn Japanese aggression, prompting Foreign Minister Yosuke Matsuoka to storm out. A month later, Japan withdrew from the League, marking the end of its commitment to working within the international order, one that Matsuoka saw as racist and unwilling to accommodate Japan』s legitimate aspirations.

1933年2月，國聯會晤討論調查結果，一個譴責日本侵略的議案被提上桌，這促使日本外相松岡洋右迅速離開。一個月後，日本退出了國聯，標誌著日本在國際秩序內辦事承諾的終結，松岡洋右視該承諾是種族主義的，不適合日本的合法壯志。

Matsuoka had a point, but Japan』s aspirations became grandiose and unquenchable. Moreover, the nation brimmed with racist condescension toward fellow Asians and slaughtered millions in the name of liberating them from the yoke of Western colonialism in what was dubbed a holy war, fought on the Emperor』s behalf.

松岡洋右認為，日本的壯志是宏偉且不可遏制的。此外，日本對亞洲同胞們充滿了種族主義傲慢，它打著把他們從西方殖民主義的束縛中解放出來的幌子屠殺了數百萬亞洲人，稱其一場聖戰，代表天皇而戰。

Sept. 18 remains a sensitive day in China. Each year at 10:00 am on September 18, air-raid sirens sound for several minutes in numerous major cities across China. Provinces include Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hainan, and others. American expatriates report that the air-raid sirens sound on the third Saturday of September, from 10:00 AM until 10:23 AM in the cities of Shanghai and Tianjin.

在中國，9月18日仍是一個敏感的日子。每年9月18日上午10點，中國各大城市都會響起長達幾分鐘的防空警報。省份包括黑龍江、吉林、遼寧、海南和其他省份。美國外派人員們報道，在上海和天津，防空警報會在九月的第三個星期六上午10點至10點23分拉響。

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