各種塑料生產工藝動態圖及詳解
塑料作為一種高分子的化合物有各種各樣的處理方法方法。每種方法都有其優點和缺點，更適合於特定的應用。接下來我們通過相關有趣的動圖看看他們是如何被加工的！
@There are a variety of methods used to process plastic. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages and are better suited for specific applications. There are various plastic processing techniques featured with their relevant animations.
注塑機
Injection Molding
注塑是一種通過將材料注射到模具中製造零件的製造方法。加工塑料的主要方法是注射成型。在這個過程中，塑料被放置到料斗，然後料斗將塑料加熱注入，它是通過一長的腔室與一個往複螺桿推壓。之後，它被軟化成流體狀態。噴嘴位於腔室的末端，流體塑料通過噴嘴強製冷卻，閉合模具。當塑料冷卻和固化時，半成品從壓機中退出。
@Injection molding is a manufacturing process for producing parts by injecting material into a mold. The main method used for processing plastic is injection molding. With this process, the plastic is placed into a hopper. The hopper then feeds the plastic into a heated injection unit, where it is pushed through a long chamber with a reciprocating screw. Here, it is softened to a fluid state. A nozzle is located at the end of the chamber. The fluid plastic is forced through the nozzle into a cold, closed mold. The halves of the mold are held shut with a system of clamps. When the plastic is cooled and solidified, the halves open and the finished product is ejected from the press.
塑料擠出
Plastic Extrusion
塑料擠壓是一個大批量製造的方法，其中塑料原材料被熔化形成連續的輪廓。擠出的過程通常是用來製造如膜，連續片材，管，型材，棒材，外套絲，長絲，線，和電纜。和注塑機一起，乾燥的塑料放置到料斗並送入一個長的加熱室中。在腔室的末端，材料被壓出一個小開口，或在所需的最終產品的形狀的模具。塑料離開模具後，它被放置在傳送帶上冷卻。鼓風機有時會在此過程被使用，幫助其冷卻。
@Plastics extrusion is a high volume manufacturing process in which raw plastic material is melted and formed into a continuous profile. The process of extrusion is usually used to make products such as film, continuous sheeting, tubes, profile shapes, rods, coat wire, filaments, cords, and cables. As with injection molding, dry plastic material is placed into a hopper and fed into a long heating chamber. At the end of the chamber, however, the material is forced out of a small opening or a die in the shape of the desired finished product. As the plastic exits the die, it is placed on a conveyor belt where it is allowed to cool. Blowers are sometimes used to aid in this process, or the product may be immersed in water to help it cool.
吹塑機
Blow Molding
吹塑是製造空心塑料製品的成型方法，是藉助氣體壓力使閉合在模具型腔中的處於類橡膠態的型坯吹脹成為中空製品的二次成型技術。
@Stretch Blow Molding process is mainly used when the plastic product that needs to be created should be hollow. A molten tube is created with blow molding byusing compressed air.Variations of blow molding include injection, injection-stretch, and extrusion blow molding.
熱成型
Thermoforming
將熱塑性塑料片材加工成各種製品的一種較特殊的塑料加工方法。片材夾在框架上加熱到軟化狀態，在外力作用下，使其緊貼模具的型面，以取得與型面相仿的形狀。冷卻定型後，經修整即成製品。此過程也用於橡膠加工。近年來，熱成型已取得新的進展，例如從擠出片材到熱成型的連續生產技術。
@Thermoforming is a manufacturing process where a plastic sheet is heated to a pliable forming temperature, formed to a specific part shape in a mold, and trimmed to create a usable product. The sheet, or film when referring to thinner gauges and certain material types, is heated in an oven to a high-enough temperature that it can be stretched into or onto a mold and cooled to a finished shape. The second animation shows the twin sheet thermoforming process whereby two individual components are fused together through the application of tremendous pressure which forces two molds together, thereby fusing the materials together.
第二動畫顯示了雙片熱成型工藝。
@The second animation shows the twin sheet thermoforming process whereby two individual components are fused together through the application of tremendous pressure which forces two molds together, thereby fusing the materials together.
壓縮成形
Compression Molding
壓縮成型是熱固性材料中最常用的方法，通常不用於熱塑性塑料。此過程中，該材料被擠壓成所需的形狀。塑料模塑粉和其他材料添加到混合物中，以產生特殊的品質。當模具關閉並加熱，該材料經過了硬化，形成其期望的形狀。溫度，壓力和過程中使用的時間長度取決於所期望的結果。
@Compression molding is the most common process used with thermosetting materials and is usually not used for thermoplastics. With this process, the material is squeezed into its desired shape with the help of pressure and heat. Plastic molding powder and other materials are added to the mix in order to create special qualities or to strengthen the final product. When the mold is closed and heated, the material goes through a chemical change that causes it to harden into its desired shape. The amount temperature, amount of pressure, and length of time utilized during the process depends on the desired outcome.
軋光
Calendering
又稱壓光。重革整理的最後一道工序。利用纖維在混熱條件下的可塑性將織物表面軋平或軋出平行的細密斜線，以增進織物光澤的整理過程。材料被送入之後，加熱並熔化，然後成形為片或膜，然後冷卻並捲起。最常用壓延材料是聚氯乙烯。
@Calendering is a continuous process which works in much the same way as anold-fashioned clothes mangle. For plastics, there are usually four heated rollers of different sizes rotating at slightly different speeds. The material is fed into these rollers, heated and melted, then shaped into a sheet or film. This is then cooled and rolled up. The sheets can be mono-oriented during this process. The most commonly calendered material is PVC.
擠壓成型
Pultrusion
擠壓成型，坯料在三向不均勻壓應力作用下，從模具的孔口或縫隙擠出使之橫截面積減小長度增加，成為所需製品的加工方法叫擠壓，坯料的這種加工叫擠壓成型。
@Pultrusion is similar to extrusion in that it produces continuous cross-sectional profiles. While extrusion relies on press to push unreinforced thermoplastic materials through a short die, pultrusion pulls a variety of reinforced fibers, wetted by thermosetting and/or some thermoplastic resins, through a heated die. Polymerization of the resin occurs as the wetted fibers pass through the die, forming a continuous, rigid profile corresponding to the orifice shape.
真空成型
Vacuum Forming
真空成型(Vacuum Forming)常稱為吸塑，是一種塑料加工工藝，主要原理是將平展的塑料硬片材加熱變軟後，採用真空吸附於模具表面，冷卻後成型，廣泛用於塑料包裝、燈飾、廣告、裝飾等行業。
@Vacuum forming is a simplified version of thermoforming, whereby a sheet of plastic is heated to a forming temperature, stretched onto a convex, or into a concave, single-surface mold, and forced against the mold by a vacuum (suction of air).
旋轉成型
Rotational Molding
滾塑成型又稱旋塑、旋轉成型、旋轉模塑、旋轉鑄塑、迴轉成型等。滾塑成型工藝是先將塑料原料加入模具中，然後模具沿兩垂直軸不斷旋轉並使之加熱，使模內的塑料原料在重力和熱能的作用下，逐漸均勻地塗布、熔融粘附於模腔的整個表面上，成型為所需要的形狀，再經冷卻定型、脫模，最後獲得製品。
@Rotational molding is an extremely popular and well-used process for producing items that are usually hollow. The mold is closed and then spun both vertically and horizontally and moved into an oven. As the powder starts to melt and the mold continues rotating, it is flung onto the walls of the mold by centrifugal force where it forms a skin. After a fixed period, the mold is removed from the oven and allowed to cool carefully to avoid the product shrinking or warping. It's most often used for very large articles which are usually made in small quantities.
文章來源：AsiaSolution訊塑科技
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