空中英語學習第76期條件狀語從句與讓步狀語從句

條件狀語從句與讓步狀語從句

一、條件狀語從句

1）引導條件狀語從句最常用的連詞是if,由if引導的條件狀語從句表示在某種條件下某事很可能發生。如:

If you ask him, he will help you.

如果你請他幫忙,他會幫你的。

If you fail in the exam, you will let him down.

如果你考試不及格,你會讓他失望的。

2)另外, if從句還表示不可實現的條件或根本不可能存在的條件,也就是一種虛擬的條件或假設,從句多用一般過去時或過去完成時。 如:

If I were you, I would invite him to the party.

如果我是你,我會邀請他參加聚會。

I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic.

如果沒有堵車,我會到的早一點兒。

3)其他的連詞

1.unlessconj.除非,若不,除非在……的時候

You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.

如果你不早點動身,你就不能及時趕到那兒。Unless itrains, the game will be played.

除非下雨,比賽將照常進行。

2. on condition (that)...在……條件下,如果; on condition(that)...引導的條件從句是主句事件發生的前提條件或唯一條件。

I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep a secret.

我可以告訴你真相,條件是你答應保守秘密。

You can go swimming on condition (that) you don』t go too far from the river bank.

你只有在不遠離河岸的條件下才可以下水游泳。

3. supposingconj.如果,假如

supposing引導的條件從句表示一種假設條件

Supposing it rains, shall we continue the sports meeting?倘若下雨,我們的運動會還要繼續舉行嗎?

Supposing something should go wrong, what would you do then?

假如出了什麼問題,你準備怎麼對付?

4. providedconj.假如,除非,以……為條件

provided (that) +從句,表示一種假設條件。

He will sign the contract provided we offer more favorable terms.

如果我們提出更優惠的條件,他就會在合同上簽字。

He won』t be against us in the meeting provided that we ask for his advice in advance.

如果我們提前徵求一下他的意見,他就不會在會上反對我們。

5）另外還有in case, as/so long as

In case it rains, do not expect me.

如若下雨,就不要等我了。

As long as you promise to come, I』ll wait for you until you come.

只要你答應,我就等你來。

從上述例句可以看出if,unless, on condition (that), supposing, provided等詞引導的條件狀語從句,主從句條件關係分明,結構清晰。

在條件狀語從句中,用一般現在時代替一般將來時,一般過去時代替過去將來時。但有些句子,雖沒有含條件關係的連詞,卻也隱含著條件關係,這些句子常用一些詞,如but for, without等引出一個介詞結構來表示條件,條件常常是虛擬的,或與事實相反的假設。如:

but for若非,要不是

But for the rain, we should have a pleasant journey.要不是下雨,我們的旅行肯定會很愉快。

But for your help, we should not have finished in time.要不是你幫忙,我們肯定不能及時完成任務。

二、讓步狀語從句

(1)though, although表示「雖然,縱然」之意。

這兩個連詞意思大致相同,在一般情況下可以互換使用。在口語中, though較常使用, although比though正式,二者都可與yet, still或nevertheless連用,但不能與but連用。

Though/Although he was worn out, (still) he kept on working.雖然他已經精疲力竭,但仍然繼續工作。

Though/Although he is very old, (yet) he is quite strong.他雖然年紀大了,身體還很健壯。

值得注意的是, although引導的讓步狀語從句位於主句之前的情況較多, though引導的讓步狀語從句可位於主句之前或主句之後。

She passed the examination though she had not studied very hard.

她雖然不用功學習,考試卻及格了。

(2) as, though表示「雖然……但是」, 「縱使……」之意。

as引導的讓步狀語從句必須以部分倒裝的形式出現,被倒裝的部分可以是表語、狀語或動詞原形, though間或也用於這樣的結構中,但although不可以這樣用。

Object as you may, I』ll go. (= Though/Although you may object, I』ll go.)

縱使你反對,我也要去。

Hard as/though he works, he makes little progress. (= Though he works hard, he makes little progress.)

儘管他學習很努力,但幾乎沒取得什麼進步。

Child as / though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. (= Though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do.)雖然他是一個孩子,但他知道該做什麼。

Fast as you read, you can』t finish the book so soon.

縱然你讀得快,你也不能這麼快讀完這本書。

(3) even if, even though表示「即使……」, 「縱使……」之意。

這兩個複合連詞的意思基本相同它們常可互換使用,但意義有細微差別。even if引導的讓步從句含有強烈的假定性,而even though引導讓步狀語從句時,是以從句內容為先決條件的,也就是說,說話人肯定了從句的事實。

We』ll make a trip even if/though the weather is bad.即使天氣不好,我們也要作一次旅行。

Even if he is poor, she loves him. (= He may be poor, yet she loves him.)

即使他很窮,但她還是愛他。

Even though he is poor, she loves him. (= He is poor, yet she loves him.)

儘管他很窮,但她還是愛她。

(4) whether ... or ...表示「不論是否……」, 「不管是……還是……」之意。

由這一個複合連詞引導的讓步狀語從句旨在說明正反兩個方面的可能性都不會影響主句的意向或結果。

You』ll have to attend the ceremony whether you』re free or busy.

不管你忙不忙,都要參加這個典禮。

Whetheryou believe it or not, it』s true.無論你是否相信,這都是真的。

(5) 「no matter +疑問詞」或「疑問詞-ever」的含義為「……都……;不管……都……」它們引導的讓步狀語從句可以互換。

No matter what happened, he would not mind. (=Whatever happened, he would not mind.)

無論發生了什麼,他都不會介意的。

No matter who you are, you must keep the law.

Whoever you are, you must keep the law.

不管你是誰,你都要遵紀守法。

但「no matter +疑問詞」結構只能引導讓步狀語從句,而「疑問詞-ever」還可以引導名詞性從句。

Whatever (= No matter what) you say, I won』t believeyou.(Whatever引導讓步狀語從句)

無論你說什麼,我都不會相信你。

I』ll eat whatever (≠ no matter what) you give me.(whatever引導賓語從句)

你給我吃什麼,我就吃什麼。

Whoever comes will be welcome. (Whoever引導主語從句)

不管誰來都受到歡迎。

此外,有時while也可以引導讓步狀語從句,但一般要位於句首。

While I like the colour, I don』t like the shape.我雖然喜歡那顏色,但不喜歡那形狀。

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