ADHD和失眠竟然有著多年撇不清的愛恨情仇

Data reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) indicate that approximately 11 percent of children aged 4 to 17 are diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the United States.

據疾病控制和預防中心（CDC）報告的數據顯示，美國約有11％的4至17歲兒童被診斷為注意缺陷多動障礙（ADHD）。

Among the adult U.S. population, the National Institute of Mental Health report a 4.1 percent 12-month prevalence rate for the disorder.

在美國成年人中，國家心理健康研究所報告了該疾病的12個月的發病率為4.1％。

ADHD is typically characterized by hyperactivity, a short attention span, and difficulties in self-organization. Sometimes, the disorder can be accompanied by one or several other conditions, including dyslexia, anxiety, and depression.

ADHD的特徵通常是多動症，注意力無法集中，自控力較差。 有時候，這種疾病可伴隨著一種或幾種其他病症，包括誦讀困難，焦慮和抑鬱。

Another concern that has been flagged up in relation to ADHD is the existence of sleep problems, including sleep apnea and disturbed sleep patterns.

與ADHD相關的另一個問題是睡眠問題的存在，包括睡眠呼吸暫停和間斷性睡眠的模式。

Mostly, ADHD and sleep disturbances have been treated as separate issues, but Prof. Sandra Kooij, from the VU University Medical Centre in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, believes that the two may be fundamentally interconnected.

大多數情況下，ADHD和睡眠障礙被視為單獨的問題，但來自荷蘭阿姆斯特丹的VU大學醫學中心的Sandra Kooij教授認為，這兩者可能在根本上相互關聯。

大多數ADHD患者都有睡眠問題

"If you review the evidence, it looks more and more like ADHD and sleeplessness are two sides of the same physiological and mental coin," explains Prof. Kooij.

教授解釋說，如果你了解研究結果就會發現，ADHD和失眠症就像是一枚心理和生理硬幣的兩個方面。

Prof. Kooij s investigation has revealed several interesting facts about the presence of sleep disturbances in individuals diagnosed with ADHD, and many of those have led her to form her hypothesis.

.Kooij教授的調查揭示了有關診斷為ADHD的個體睡眠障礙的幾個有趣的事實，並且已經形成了他的假設。

She notes, in the first place, that the majority of people diagnosed with ADHD also exhibit a disturbed sleep pattern. The physiological aspects of sleep are also affected which, in turn, could lead to other, more severe health implications.

她指出，首先，大多數診斷為ADHD的人也表現出不安的睡眠模式。 睡眠的生理方面也受到影響，反過來又可能導致其他更嚴重的健康影響。

"We started to measure the onset of the sleep hormone melatonin in the saliva of people with ADHD with and without sleep onset problems. We found that late sleepers had their onset of melatonin 1.5 hours later than normal, correlating with the late sleep pattern," Prof. Kooij told MNT.

「開始測量睡眠激素褪黑激素在睡眠正常和睡眠障礙患者的唾液中的情況，我們發現晚睡眠者的褪黑素比正常人晚1.5小時，「，Kooij教授說。

"also, their movement patterns and temperature during 24 hours were delayed," she added. "The next question was which other physical processes might be delayed, and what this would mean for their health in general."

「他還表示：」他們的運動模式和體溫在24小時內被推遲了。「 「下一個問題就是要看看有哪些其他物理過程可能會被推遲，對健康又意味這著什麼。」

People diagnosed with ADHD complain of a wealth of sleep disorders, such as:

診斷為ADHD的人也承認自己有豐富的睡眠障礙，如：

restless legs syndrome, which is characterized by an urge to move one s legs during a state of rest, which disrupts normal sleep patterns

腿部多動症，表現為不能正常睡覺，即使是休息狀態下腿部也會一直動

sleep apnea, in which abnormal - and disruptive - pauses in breathing occur during sleep

眠呼吸暫停，在睡眠期間出現異常和破壞性的呼吸暫停

various circadian rhythm disturbances, referring to disruptions of the regular physiological cycle that naturally "times" sleep and wakefulness, including delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS)

各種晝夜節律紊亂，指的是定期生理周期的中斷，非正常時間的醒來和睡覺，包括延遲睡眠期綜合征（DSPS）

DSPS is characterized by an impossibility to fall asleep before the small hours and increased difficulty in waking up in the morning.

DSPS（延遲睡眠期綜合征）的特點是在小時之前不可能睡著，早上起床難度增加。就是典型的晚上不睡，早晨不起。

Prof. Kooij told us that these disturbances can intensify the risk of other conditions, including obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer.

教授告訴我們，這些干擾可能會加劇其他疾病的風險，包括肥胖，高血壓，心血管疾病，糖尿病和癌症。

She also shared with us some tips for managing sleep disturbances, advising that people concerned about their sleep patterns should "stop using the light of screens after 10 p.m.," and that they should aim to "get up at the same time every morning, and if necessary, use a strong lamp to wake up the brain."

她還與我們分享了一些管理睡眠障礙的提示，建議關心睡眠模式的人應該「在晚上10點之後停止使用屏幕的光線」，並且他們應該瞄準「每天早上同時起床， 如果有必要，用強大的燈來喚醒大腦。「

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