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waterproof-oust:出名要趁早?

本文辭彙來自教材第2單元課文A。

【詞源解析】複合詞water+proof組成。water水,源自原始印歐語詞根*wed-(水=water、濕的=wet),W形表水的波紋,借指水;proof(證據)源自prove(證明),其中pro-為前綴,是per-的變體,表示前面(=forward),詞根ve源自原始印歐語詞根*bhu-(存在=to be),B形表凸起,也指突然出現以示存在(前文講過),在這裡提前存在的。所以waterproof就是在水的前面存在的東西即防水的

【發現】有的辭彙書將proof視作詞綴,顯示是欠妥的。

【例句】inathird,sketchesforapairofwaterproofappleshoeswithtelevisionscreensbuiltinto thetoes.

第三個是一張腳趾頭嵌入電視機屏幕的防水鞋草圖。

【同根詞】

water的同根詞: abound; anhydrous; carbohydrate; clepsydra; dropsy; hydra; hydrangea; hydrant; hydrargyrum; hydrate;hydraulic; hydro-; hydrogen; hydrophobia; hydrous; Hydrus; inundate; inundation; kirsch-wasser; nutria; otter; redound;redundant; surround; undine; undulant; undulate; undulation; vodka; wash; water; wet; whiskey; winter.。

proof的同根詞:be、prove。

【詞源解析】-y是後綴,詞根jet源自原始印歐語詞根*ye-(推=throw),根據jetty的同根詞可以確定,Y是J的誤拼,J源自I,表手指,借指用手推,這裡指人們堆出的防波堤、棧橋、突堤。

【例句】Hehelpedherup,thengotouthimselfanddraggedthecanoeup thebank,tyingittothejetty.

他幫助她上來,然後他自己出來把獨木舟拖到岸上,拴在碼頭上。

【同根詞】abject; abjection; adjacence; adjacent; adjective; aphetic; catheter; circumjacent; conjecture; deject; ease;ejaculate; eject; enema; gist; ictus; interjacent; inject; interject; interjection; jess; jet; jete; jetsam; jettison; jetton; joist; jut; object; objection; objective; paresis; project; projectile; reject;rejection; subjacent; subject; subjective; trajectory。

【詞源解析】-ious是後綴,-or是後綴,詞根not源自原始印歐語詞根*gno-(知道=know),根據同詞根可知,脫落字母G[g]為K[k]的清濁輔音字母通轉,K表手,引申指抓住、把我、知道。這裡指眾所周知的,17世紀時詞義降格變成貶義,指聲名狼藉的。

【例句】

Elvir sfatherhad beenkilledinthewar; the boy had escapedwithhismother,whocamefromSrebrenica (siteofanotoriousmassacre).

埃爾維的父親在戰爭中喪了身,他和來自斯雷布雷尼察的母親逃到了國外。斯雷布雷尼察就是發生臭名昭著大屠殺的地方。

【同根詞】acknowledge; acquaint; agnostic; anagnorisis; astrognosy; can ;cognition; cognizance;con; connoisseur; could; couth; cunning; diagnosis; ennoble; gnome;gnomic;gnomon; gnosis; gnostic; Gnostic; ignoble; ignorant; ignore; incognito; ken; kenning; kith; know;knowledge; narrate; narration; nobility; noble; notice; notify; notion; notorious; physiognomy; prognosis; quaint; recognize;reconnaissance; reconnoiter; uncouth; Zend。

【詞源解析】hop可能是同形異義詞。

作「啤酒花、啤酒廠」解時,可能源自原始印歐語詞根*(s)keup-(草叢=cluster、頭髮)。在傳入原始日耳曼語時,字母S就已經脫落,魔法師認為H更符合造詞視角。H表籬笆、欄杆,這裡比喻指頭上的一綹綹的毛髮、草叢,後指做啤酒花用的麥子。

作「跳躍」解時,應該是擬聲。此造詞例句可以參考hip-hop、tip-top等。

【例句】

Thecommandestablishesaconnectionto the nexthopifit ispossible.

如果可能,該命令將與下一個躍點建立連接。

【詞源解析】ou-是前綴ob-的變體,表反對(=against),詞根st源自原始印歐語詞根*sta-(站立=stand、安坐=set down),象形,S形表人坐著時身體的形狀。這裡指站在對立面的,即驅逐、罷黜等。

【例句】Forallthat,politiciansfromwithinhisownparty,aswell as theopposition,areplottingtooustMr Kan.

儘管如此,來自他本黨和反對黨的政客們正在策劃一起推翻菅直人的政變。

【同根詞】Afghanistan; Anastasia; apostasy; apostate; armistice; arrest; assist; astatic; astatine; Baluchistan; bedstead;circumstance; consist; constable; constant; constitute; contrast; cost; desist; destination; destine; destitute; diastase; distance;distant; ecstasy; epistasis; epistemology; establish; estaminet; estate; etagere; existence; extant; Hindustan; histidine; histo-;histogram; histology; histone; hypostasis; insist; instant; instauration; institute; interstice; isostasy; isostatic; Kazakhstan;metastasis; obstacle; obstetric; obstinate; oust; Pakistan; peristyle; persist; post; press ;presto; prostate; prostitute; resist; rest; restitution; restive; restore; shtetl; solstice; stable;stage; stalag; stale; stalwart;stamen; -stan; stance; stanchion; stand; standard;stanza; stapes; starboard; stare decisis; stasis; -stat; stat; state ;stater; static; station; statistics; stator;statue; stature; status; statute; staunch; stay;stead; steed; steer;stem ;stern;stet; stoa; stoic; stool; store; stound; stow; stud;stylite; subsist;substance; substitute; substitution; superstition; system; Taurus; understand。

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單詞成就英語,英語照見未來

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