新SAT考了兩年，我們終於可以幫你整理出這些辭彙題的套路和真題

考查方式

辭彙題的題干識別非常簡單，As used in line 62,」common」 most nearly means。大家都知道，托福的辭彙題幾乎都是對詞本意的考查，即選近義詞，所以做托福閱讀時，辭彙題一般都是幫我們節省時間，秒選的題目。但SAT恰恰相反：

與其說是考近義詞，不如說是考詞語的替換。

也就是說，題干翻譯過來應該是：下列哪一個詞最能替換掉某某行的某某詞。

例如： In line 7, 「impugned」 most nearly means

A. contradicted

B. challenged

C. opposed

D. resisted

It seemed strange to see her own name there. It was as if her individuality, her very identity, was impugned by the fact that there should be two Rachel Deanes. (Khan –literature)

Impugn這個詞知不知道其實並不是那麼重要，因為你要在原句中把impugn當成blank，也就是先把這個詞剃掉，It seemed strange to see her own name there. It was as if her individuality, her very identity, was____by the fact that there should be two Rachel Deanes.

所以，這種題更像是完形填空，然後四個選項一一代入，哪個意思、邏輯、語法上最為貼合，哪個就是正確答案。

也就是說，知道四個選項的意思和理解該詞所在的那句話的句意是最為關鍵的，因為考查得是words in context，這個context通常情況下就是辭彙所在的句子。但也有極少說是一段，甚至是整篇文章。

解題方法

總結一下，辭彙題的基本解題方法是：

把考詞在句子中當成blank，理解該詞所在句子，把選項一一代入，意思上最合理的一個即是答案。

如何才能判斷某個辭彙是最合理的辭彙呢？我們知道，這種題目考查的是words in context，這個context可大可小。小到一個片語，大到整篇文章。因此此類題目的解題方法也隨著context的變化而變化。

解題方法1：看搭配（context是一個片語），適用在考查動詞及少數形容詞時。

一般在考查動詞時最需要考慮的是後面的賓語是什麼，搭配進去意思上是否跟原文貼切。與此同時，少數題目還要考慮動詞的用法，比如主被動，及物與否。有些題目也要與結構和語義邏輯同時考量，這一點我們最後再說。先看例題：

例1 As used in line 73, 「harbor」 most nearly means

A. keep

B. contain

C. nurture

D. protect

A somewhat raw piece of meat can harbor lots of potentially dangerous microbes. (Khan –science)

此題很簡單，但也最能說明解題方法。把harbor當成blank，句意是：一片生肉_____許多微生物。然後把四個選項一一代入可知contain 「含有，包含」是對的。

例2 As used in line 16, 「launch」 most nearly means

A. eject

B. throw

C. catapult

D. initiate

Though Haast』s eagle could fly-and presumably used its wings to launch brutal attacks on the hapless moa-its body mass (10- 14 kilograms) pushed the limits for self-propelled flight. (Khan –science)

句子中考查動詞的片語是to launch attacks，通過launch這個詞和原文意思可知這裡應該是「發動攻擊」，四個選項各自代入的話可知應該是initiate「發起」最合適。

辭彙題題乾的詞考得不一定是本意，但選項詞考查的都是最基本的意思。

例3 As used in line 32, 「handle」 most nearly means

A. train for

B. survive in

C. engage in

D. act on

The calcified, or rigid-bodied, seaweed has multiple noncalcified joints that make it flexible yet strong enough to handle that setting. (2017-05-Asia)

如果說上一題題乾的動詞還跟選項有些近義的關係，那麼這道題四個選項跟handle就一點關係都沒有了，所以更能體現替換動詞的這個考查點。所以strong enough to_____that setting. 在那個環境里足以怎麼樣。

A選項代入後是足以為那個環境訓練，B選項是足以在那個環境下生存，C選項是參加那個環境，D是足以對那個環境起作用。B顯然是最搭配的，而且再看一眼句意也符合。

例4 As used in line 67, 「demonstrated」 most nearly means

A. protested

B. established

C. performed

D. argued

Subsequent research supports this model. Alexander Volkov and his colleagues at Oakwood University in Alabama first demonstrated that it is indeed electricity that causes the Venus flytrap to close. (2017-01-U.S.)

只看搭配的話B選項first established that… 第一次建立這個理論和D選項first argued that…第一次主張這個理論都可以說得通，所以這道題不僅要考慮搭配，還要考慮驗證的邏輯。前一句話說後續的研究證實了這個模型，所以後面那句話不能是第一次主張了，因為實驗已經可以證實。所以是B。

例5 As used in line 77, 「established」 most nearly means

A. validated

B. founded

C. introduced

D. enacted

The professor presented the Higgs field with such certainty that for a long while I had no idea it had yet to be established experimentally. (2016-10-U.S.)

此題看搭配完全可以應對，be_____experimentally在實驗上被怎樣，已經通過實驗的那一定是驗證，證實了，所以只能選A。不能確定的話還可以看前半句，教授講此理論時非常確定，也可以證明是A選項。

例6 As used in line 69, 「betting on」 most nearly means

A. dabbling in.

B. gambling with.

C. switching from.

D. optimistic about.

Even longer-term, Green is betting on silicon, aiming to take advantage of the huge reductions in cost already seen with the technology. (2016-05-Asia)

四個單詞分別替換掉betting on, 知道本意的同學容易選B, 但是B代進去就變成了gamble with silicon，與硅賭注，偏離意思了。句意是看好硅，押注於硅，所以D才是最合適的。

例7 As used in line 5, 「represent」 most nearly means

A. identify

B. portray

C. personify

D. constitute

For animals that live in stable groups, strangers--unknown individuals from outside one』s group--represent a significant danger. (2016-11-Asia)

此題簡化後應該是strangers represent a significant danger。看似簡單，實際暗藏殺機。

被選最多的是前兩個選項，但我們代入後會發現用法上不通。

其實，前三個詞的用法是sb. identify/portray/personify stranger as a significant danger, 或者是 strangers are identified/portrayed/personified as…. 所以用法上替換不進去，C意思上就不對，所以很容易排除。只能選D，constitute翻譯為「是，被看做」，與represent語法上的用法一致。

解題方法2：看句子結構（context是一個句子），適用在考查名詞及形容詞時。

通常考名詞和形容詞的時候需要整句考量，從而確定考詞最貼合的意思。但也有些時候能根據某個語言結構或是片語推出。

例8 As used in line 53, 「dominion」 most nearly means

A. omnipotence

B. supremacy

C. ownership

D. territory

Mankind have outgrown this state, and all things now tend to substitute, as the general principle of human relations, a just equality, instead of the dominion of the strongest. (2016-10-U.S.)

句子的主幹是all things now tend to substitute a just equality, instead of the dominion of the strongest。

通過instead of 「而不是」可知前後兩個部分應該相反，所以前面是equality，instead of 後應該是equality的反義詞，所以B選項「霸權」合適。這道題是一道典型的通過語言結構判斷的題目，在過去的SAT里，閱讀部分經常會這麼考查辭彙。

例9 As used in line 33, 「figure」 most nearly means

A. symbol

B. number

C. level

D. structure

As a consequence, the downsides of economic growth and modernization ought to be accounted for whilst retaining the benefits of the GDP, namely a single figure that captures different entities and is comparable across nations. (Khan –social science)

通過整個句子我們得知，figure指的就是GDP，那麼GDP就是一個簡單的數字，所以應該是B。考查名詞的很多時候要知道名詞指的是什麼從而來判斷。

例10 As used in line 63, 「awful」 most nearly means

A. distressing

B. disgusting

C. shocking

D. appalling

This was so awful that Fenella quickly turned her back on hem, swallowed once, twice, and frowned terribly at a little green star on a mast head. But she had to turn round again; her father was going. (Khan –literature)

so awful that，如此…以至於…。這個結構告訴我們that後面所敘述的都是為了體現這個形容詞的，所以看整個後面的句子推出Fenella非常苦惱，不開心（swallow，frown），所以應該是A。

例11 As used in line 8, 「prominent」 most nearly means

A. pronounced

B. remarkable

C. recognized

D. projecting

This is the most prominent yardstick that the media, politicians and the public consider when they try to assess how a country is performing. (Khan –social science)

此題也是一個解釋的結構，that後同樣解釋prominent這個形容詞，說媒體，政治家和公眾都認為…，所以應該選C，recognized「公認的」。

解題方法3：看邏輯（context是一個段落，甚至整篇文章），適用在考形容詞時。

極個別的題目需要考慮段落甚至整篇文章的context，這種題目顯然就非常難了，我們來看一道例題。

例12 As used in line 29, 「mischievous」 most nearly means

A. disobedient

B. spirited

C. spiteful

D. damaging

But it is nevertheless a maxim well established by experience, and generally acknowledged, where there has been sufficient experience, that the aggregate prosperity of manufactures, and the aggregate prosperity of Agriculture are intimately connected.

In the Course of the discussion which has had place, various weighty considerations have been adduced operating in support of that maxim.

Perhaps the superior steadiness of the demand of a domestic market for the surplus produce of the soil, is alone a convincing argument of its truth.

Ideas of a contrariety of interests between the Northern and Southern regions of the Union, are in the Main as unfounded as they are mischievous. (Khan –history)

這道題會做的同學完全可以用排除法，mischievous形容的是idea，所以只有D最合適。這是最簡單的做法，因為選項沒有出的特別難辨別。

深一步推，也可以用結構as unfounded as they are mischievous，即…又…，所以可以判斷兩個都是負向的詞。

再深一步，idea其實是作者的反面觀點，而上一段中寫出了作者的central claim，即the aggregate prosperity of manufactures, and the aggregate prosperity of Agriculture are intimately connected. 也就是說兩個產業的繁榮是密不可分的，所以兩個產業如果對立，顯然就不能達到繁榮，所以應該選damaging，damage nation building，破壞經濟繁榮。

辭彙題考試的精髓就是哪個辭彙在語境下最為合適，上面我們討論的看搭配，看語言結構和看邏輯都是一些方法，而最終的核心還是讀懂背景句，即看懂context。原則不變下，方法根據不同的題目而不同，大家最好能幾種方法同時應用，因為很多題目一種方法可能解決不了，比如：

例13 As used in line 45, 「sighs for」 most nearly means

A. dismisses

B. craves

C. exhales

D. suffers

She, like Tantalus, is placed in a situation where the intellectual blessing she sighs for is within her view; but she is not permitted to attain it. (2017-05-U.S.)

此題首先要考慮動詞搭配找到sigh for的賓語是intellectual blessing，但後面有說她得不到，所以根絕語意的邏輯得知她怎麼樣一個東西但有得不到，所以應該選B「渴求」。所以這道題不僅要考慮搭配，還要考慮語意的順承邏輯。

例14 As used in line 5, 「styled」 most nearly means

A. designed

B. called

C. fashioned

D. resembled

A man of wealth, and magnificent tastes, and prodigal expenditure. His home might almost be styled a palace; his habits, in ordinary sense, princely. (2016-06-U.S.)

此題也是，即需要考慮搭配，還需要考慮句子結構，因為後面的那個結構省略了might be styled，所以最貼切的應該是B。當然，這道題如果知道style有這個意思很好選。

總結＆建議

我們這裡討論的辭彙題的方法可能並不能適用到所有的題目，但基本上囊括了應該去思考的所有方面。但萬變不離其宗，只要理解了context的意思，然後把詞一一代入，句意、語言結構、邏輯關係及語法搭配幾個方面都吻合，那麼該詞就是正確答案。

辭彙題其實可以考得很難，也可以考得很簡單，很多題目考的就是本意，所以直接選就可以，我們在這裡討論這麼多，主要是怕大家疏忽大意，因為這種題目是最容易丟分的，很多同學不習慣帶回原文去思考，而是想當然的選了近義詞，這樣其實非常容易錯。不過，這裡可以給大家一個小技巧：

一般情況下，題干辭彙非常簡單時，其實再考Words in context；如果題干辭彙本身就很難，那麼選近義詞一般不會錯。

辭彙題是新SAT考試的一大重點，題目眾多，要想做到萬無一失，就需要多加練習，找到做辭彙題的感覺，TD也把考試中的辭彙題進行了精選，大家可以針對性的練習，希望對大家有所幫助。

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