新概念英語3第14課朗讀＋講解
Lesson 14 A noble gangster
第14課：貴族歹徒
There was a time when the owners of shop and businesses in Chicago had to pay large sums of money to gangsters in return for" protection" If the money was not paid promptly, the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business by destroying his shop. Obtaining "protechon money" is not a modern crime.
曾經有一個時期,芝加哥的店主和商行的老闆們不得不拿出大筆的錢給歹徒以換取"保護"。如果交款不及時,歹徒們就會很快搗毀他的商店,讓他破產.榨取"保護金"並不是一種現代的罪惡行徑.
As long ago as the fourteenth century, an Englishman, Sir John Hawkwood, made the remarkable discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters.
早在14世紀,英國人約翰.霍克伍德就有過非凡的發現:"人們情願拿出大筆的錢,也不願畢生的心血毀於歹徒之手.
Six hundred years ago, Sir John Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a band of soldiers and settled near Florence. He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto. Whenever the Italian city-states were at war with each other, Hawkwood used to hire his soldiers to princes who were willing to pay the high price he demanded.
600年前,約翰.霍克伍德爵士帶著一隊士兵來到義大利,在佛羅倫薩附近駐紮下來,很快就出了名.義大利人叫他喬凡尼.阿庫托.每次義大利各城邦之間打伏,霍克伍德把他的士兵僱傭給願給他出高價的君主。
In times of peace, when business was bad, Hawkwood and his men would march into a city-state and, after burning down a few farms, would offer to go away if protection money was paid to them. Hawkwood made large sums of money in this way. In spite of this, the Italians regarded him as a sort of hero.
和平時期,當生意蕭條時,霍克伍德便帶領士兵進入某個城邦,縱火燒毀一兩個農場,然後提出,如向他們繳納保護金,他們便主動撤離。霍克伍德用這種方法掙了大筆錢.儘管如此,義大利人還是把他視作某種英雄。
When he died at the age of eighty, the Florentines gave him a state funeral and had a picture painted which was dedicated to the memory of "the most valiant soldier and most notable leader, Signor Giovanni Haukodue".
他80歲那年死去時,佛羅倫薩人為他舉行了國葬,並為他畫像以紀念這位"驍勇無比的戰士、傑出的領袖喬凡尼.阿庫托先生."
語言點解析：
Gangster n.歹徒, 強盜
-- a band of gangsters 一夥強盜
robber n.搶劫犯, 搶劫者
bandit n.強盜, 土匪
brigand n.強盜, 土匪, 盜賊, 草寇（書面用語）
hooligan n.流氓, 不良分子
hoodlum n.罪犯, 惡漢（口語）
rascal n.淘氣, 搗蛋鬼（口語）
hand n.幫, 團伙
-- a band of robbers 一夥強盜
mob n. 一群（表示貶義色彩的團伙、幫派）
-- a mob of hooligans 一夥流氓
gang n.一夥 （-- a gang of thieves）
nest n.窩 （-- a nest of bandits）
pack n.團伙、幫派（-- a pack of hoodlums）
Chicagon.芝加哥(美國城市)
Protection n.保護 （-- protection money 保護費）
protect vt.保護（protect…from…）
-- We must protect our eyes from the sunshine.
Protector（n.保護者）
Protective（adj.保護的）
Protege n.被保護者
Promptly adv.準時地
-- I give him a ring and he call me back promptly.
-- He was so sleepy that he went to sleep promptly.
on time 準時／in time 及時
punctual（adj.嚴守時刻的, 準時的）
punctually adv.守時地
destroy v.毀掉;消滅
destroy n.強調毀滅, 消滅, 完全的摧毀
-- The earthquake destroyed the city. / You destroyed his dream.
Damage n.v.強調受損程度不很嚴重, 可以被修復
-- The big clock was damaged.
Break v.n.強調弄壞, 弄斷
-- Two of the strings were broken.
spoil v.強調把事情攪和了
-- spoil the party / spoil the holiday
remarkable adj.不尋常的（同意詞：unusual, uncommon, extraordinary）
-- a remarkable event , an extraordinary event 不同尋常的事件
outstanding（adj.突出的，傑出的，卓越的）
-- Our headmaster is an outstanding youth.（n.年輕人, 青少年）
Distinguished（adj. 傑出的, 卓越的, 不同非凡的）
Eminent（adj. 顯赫的, 傑出的, 有名的, 優良的）
Distinguished 和 eminent 是同義詞（都是用來修飾嚴肅領域的人）
-- a distinguished physicist（n.物理學家）, an eminent surgeon（n.外科醫生）
-- an eminent judge（n.法官）, a distinguished lawyer（n.律師）
well-known adj.眾所周知的（ 強調眾所周知的）
-- She is well-known in the musical world. / This is well-known fact.
famous adj.著名的（因卓越的貢獻和成績而流芳百世的）
-- He is a famous movie star. / Luxun is famous for his articles.
Notorious adj. 臭明昭著的, 臭名遠揚的（= be famous for bad things）
-- Hitler is notorious.（Hitler n.希特勒）
infamous adj.身名狼藉的（= Notorious）
renowned adj.某人或某事以其獨特的品質、個性而聞名
-- Hangzhou is renowned for its beautiful scenery.（n.風景, 景色）
Florence n.佛羅倫薩(義大利城市)
city-state n.(古代)城邦
hire v.租出, 雇給
hire out 出租
-- Does this firm hire out cars?
Rent v.租, 租借, 出租 n.租金
rent out 租給, 雇給（主要強調出租房屋）
-- He rent out his house to a tourist.
Let 出租（let his house 出租房屋）
-- Please let your house to me. 請把房屋租給我吧？
hire from, rent from 租進來
-- He hired a car from us. / I rent a room from Mrs. Johnson.
hire 指短期僱傭體力勞動者
-- He hired two helpers
employ 指長期僱傭或聘用腦力勞動者
-- We employed her as our advisor.（n.顧問）
-- The factory employed 500 workers.
Prince n.君主, 諸候 n.王子
Florentine n.佛羅倫薩人
Funeral n.葬禮
Dedicate v.奉獻, 題獻給（dedicate to）
dedicate sth to sb
-- He dedicated his first book to his mother
dedicate 獻身, 奉獻（比 devote 更為正式而莊重）
dedicate…to sth
-- I devote my time to helping my students.
-- He dedicates his life to his motherland.
-- He dedicated his life to science.
Memory n.紀念
Memory n.記憶, 記憶力, 存儲器, 內存
-- You have a good memory.
-- If my memory serves me well, you"re Tom. 如果我沒有記錯的話。
in memory of… = to the memory of… 為了紀念…
-- in memory of him = to the memory of him 為了紀念他
in sb』s honor = in honor of sb 為紀念某人, 為慶祝某人
-- we held a party in his honor. = we held a party in honor of him.
Valiant adj.英勇的（強調非常勇敢）
-- During war, soldiers are valiant.
Brave adj.勇敢的
-- The boy is brave.
Fearless adj.大無畏的, 無所畏懼的
-- We are fearless in time of danger.
courageous adj.有膽量的, 有勇氣的
noble adj.高尚的, 貴族的, 高貴的 n.貴族
obtain vt.獲得, 得到
crime n.犯罪, 犯罪行為, 罪行
settle vt.安放, 使定居 vi.安家, 定居
demand v.要求, 需要 n.要求, 需求(量), 需要
march vi.進軍, 前進
Italian n.義大利人, 義大利語 adj.義大利的, 義大利語的, 義大利文化的
Offer vt., vi.提供, 提出
Notable adj. 著名的, 顯著的,值得注意的
Signor n.閣下, 君
If the money was not paid promptly, the gangsters would quickly put a man out of businessby destroying his shop.
Promptly = immediately
put a man out of business 使某人失業
put sb/sth out of... 使某人失去…
-- You are putting me out of patience. 你使我失去耐心了。
-- You have already put everything out of order.
-- Put it out of your mind. 忘記這件事情吧。
by destroying his shop 通過…手段
-- You are putting me out of patience by disturbing me.
Obtaining "protection money" is not a modern crime.
Obtaining = getting
As long ago as the fourteenth century, an Englishman, Sir John Hawkwood, made theremarkable discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters.
as long ago as 追溯回到（= dating back to = date from）
-- I knew Jane as long ago as the year 1980.
make the remarkable discovery 做出不同尋常的發現
would rather do... than do... 寧願…而不…
-- He would rather die than surrender.（vi.投降, 自首）
-- I would rather play tennis than swim.
would prefer to do ... than do...
would prefer doing ... to doing...
-- He would prefer to die than surrender.
-- He would prefer dying to surrendering.
would rather(sooner) + that 賓語從句（過去式）-- 虛擬語氣
-- I would rather that you were not here. 我寧願你不在這。（暗含：實際你在這）
-- I would rather that I didn"t see you.
-- He would rather that he didn"t hear the news.
life work 畢生的事業
Six hundred years ago, Sir Johan Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a band of soldiers andsettled near Florence.
settled near Florence 定居在 Florence 附近
He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto.
made a name for himself = become famous
-- They soon made quite a name for themselves as pop singers.
come to = get to 漸漸的
come to be known 漸漸被人所熟知
-- I come to be known to my students.
-- I got to know him.
Whenever the Italian city-states were at war with each other, Hawkwood used to hire hissoldiers to princes who were willing to pay the high price he demanded.
Whenever 無論什麼時候
at war 交戰 / at war with… 於…交戰
hire 表示出租
who 指代 prince
he demanded = Hawkwood demanded
In times of peace, when business was bad, Hawkwood and his men would march into acity-state and, after burning down a few farms, would offer to go away if protection money was paid to them.
in time of peace 在和平期間
march into 大踏步行軍
burn down 燒毀 / burn up 燒光 / burn out 燒空
-- The house was burned out only walls left. 房子被了只剩下牆壁。
would offer to go away = would promise to go away
Hawkwood made large sums of money in this way. In spite of this, the Italians regardedhim as a sort of hero.
in spite of this 儘管如此
People in different countries have different opinions.
The Italians regarded him as a sort of hero.
When he died at the age of eighty, the Florentines gave him a state funeral and had a
pictured which was dedicated to the memory of "the most valiant soldier and most notable
leader, Signor Giovanni Haukodue."
give sb a state funeral 給某人舉行國葬
have sth done
Signor n.先生（義大利語）
which 指代 picture
be dedicated to the memory of sb
the most valiant 比較級的最高級形式
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