排除題適當加入常識和想像正確率會更高

最新 01-26

今天我們要一起討論的主題是「托福閱讀之排除題」。

相信大家都了解排除題（否定事實信息題）和細節題（事實信息題）的相同點是找detail信息；不同點是排除題耗費時間較長，因為有三個選項是對的，只有一個是不對的；信息量是細節題的4倍。

在此我們把閱讀題型難度設定為5顆星最難，耗時為5顆星最長，那麼排除題難度係數為3顆星，耗時為5顆星。

從解題方法上來講，也就是要用選項精準「定位」，逐一排除。今天我們要講的不是排除題的解題技巧，我們要通過一道排除題來看看E(yi)T(tuo)S(shi)在設計選項上的高明之處。

我們一起來看一下TPO12的第一篇文章「which hand did they use」的第五題：

Paragraph 1:We all know that many more people today are right-handed than left-handed. Can one trace this same pattern far back in prehistory? Much of the evidence about right-hand versus left-hand dominance comes from stencils and prints found in rock shelters in Australia and elsewhere, and in many Ice Age caves in France, Spain, and Tasmania. When a left hand has been stenciled, this implies that the artist was right-handed, and vice versa. Even though the paint was often sprayed on by mouth, one can assume that the dominant hand assisted in the operation. One also has to make the assumption that hands were stenciled palm downward—a left hand stenciled palm upward might of course look as if it were a right hand. Of 158 stencils in the French cave of Gargas, 136 have been identified as left, and only 22 as right; right-handedness was therefore heavily predominant.

Paragraph 2:Cave art furnishes other types of evidence of this phenomenon. Most engravings, for example, are best lit from the left, as befits the work of right-handed artists, who generally prefer to have the light source on the left so that the shadow of their hand does not fall on the tip of the engraving tool or brush. In the few cases where an Ice Age figure is depicted holding something, it is mostly, though not always, in the right hand.

All of the following are mentioned in paragraphs 1 and 2 as evidence of right-handedness in art and artists EXCEPT

A. the ideal source of lighting for most engravings

B. the fact that a left hand stenciled palm upward might look like a right hand

C. the prevalence of outlines of left hands

D. figures in prehistoric art holding objects with the right hand

給大家2分鐘完成這道題目(因為排除題耗時長，平均時間是2-3分鐘，可以通過壓縮辭彙題時間來達到平衡，所以大家不要因為耗時長而驚慌！)

Paragraph 1:We all know that many more people today are right-handed than left-handed. Can one trace this same pattern far back in prehistory? Much of the evidence about right-hand versus left-hand dominance comes from stencils and prints found in rock shelters in Australia and elsewhere, and in many Ice Age caves in France, Spain, and Tasmania. When a left hand has been stenciled, this implies that the artist was right-handed, and vice versa. Even though the paint was often sprayed on by mouth, one can assume that the dominant hand assisted in the operation.One also has to make the assumption that hands were stenciled palm downward—a left hand stenciled palm upward might of course look as if it were a right hand.Of 158 stencils in the French cave of Gargas, 136 have been identified as left, and only 22 as right; right-handedness was therefore heavily predominant.

Paragraph 2:Cave art furnishes other types of evidence of this phenomenon.Most engravings, for example, are best lit from the left, as befits the work of right-handed artists, who generally prefer to have the light source on the left so that the shadow of their hand does not fall on the tip of the engraving tool or brush.In the few cases where an Ice Age figure is depicted holding something, it is mostly, though not always, in the right hand.

All of the following are mentioned in paragraphs 1 and 2 as evidence of right-handedness in art and artists EXCEPT

A. theidealsource oflightingfor most engravings

B. the fact that a left hand stenciledpalm upwardmight look like a right hand

C. theprevalenceof outlines ofleft hands

D.figuresin prehistoric artholdingobjects with the right hand

我將每個選項對應的原文分別標出應有的顏色，童鞋們可以看到每個選項都有對應，那麼說明有一個選項是錯的，那是哪一個呢？

先掃一下核心辭彙：

核心辭彙

ideal a.理想的

lighting 照明

stencil v.用模板畫

palm n.手掌

prevalence n.普遍

figure n.人物

選項—原文對照：

A. theidealsource oflightingfor most engravings

Most engravings, for example, are best lit from the left, as befits the work of right-handed artists, who generally prefer to have the light source on the left so that the shadow of their hand does not fall on the tip of the engraving tool or brush.

B. the fact that a left hand stenciledpalm upwardmight look like a right hand

One also has to make the assumption that hands were stenciled palm downward—a left hand stenciled palm upward might of course look as if it were aright hand.

C. theprevalenceof outlines ofleft hands

Of 158 stencils in the French cave of Gargas, 136 have been identified as left, and only 22 as right; right-handedness was therefore heavily predominant.

D.figuresin prehistoric artholdingobjects with the right hand

In the few cases where an Ice Age figure is depicted holding something, it is mostly, though not always, in the right hand.

這時童鞋們肯定非常猶豫和困惑，所有的選項都是一樣的對應啊！沒有一個是錯的！其實答案的突破點在這裡：

B. the fact that a left hand stenciled palm upward might look like a right hand

One also has to make the assumption that hands were stenciled palm downward—a left hand stenciled palm upward might of course look as if it were a right hand.

原文是assumption，選項是fact，假設≠事實，所以答案選B，這種情況在閱讀當中經常出現。

長難句分析

1.Most engravings, for example,arebestlitfrom the left, as(定語1) befits the work of right-handed artists, who(定語2) generally prefer to have the light source on the left so that the shadow of their hand does not fall on the tip of the engraving tool or brush.

核心辭彙

engraving n.雕刻物

light-lit-lit v.照亮

befit v.適合於

so that 因此

tip n.尖端

語法分析：as做定語修飾前面整句話，who做定語修飾前面名詞artists。

翻譯：大多數的雕刻物最好從左邊照，這樣適合右撇子藝術家工作，他們更喜歡燈光在左邊，因此他們手的影子不會落到雕刻工具或者刷子的筆尖上。

注意：as和which一樣，在非限制性定語從句中，可以修飾前面整句話；

例子：

As everybody knows, Taiwan belongs to China.

As is known to us, Taiwan belongs to China.

2.Onealsohas to makethe assumptionthat(同位語從句)hands were stenciled palm downward—(同位語2) a left hand stenciled palm upward might of course look as if it were a right hand.

翻譯：人們做出推測：左手做模具，手掌向下，畫出左手；左手做模具，手掌向上，似乎畫出右手。

語法分析：that同位語從句解釋assumption

注意：這裡的one可以代指people，而不是一個人。

背景知識拓展：

畫畫的人只有兩隻手，右撇子畫家，右手作畫，左手當做模具，如果要在painting上畫出左手的樣子，手掌向下就可以，如果要畫出右手的樣子，左手向上就可以了。有時候讀文章，適當的加入常識和一點點想像，做題正確概率要高很多。