Unit 5 Geophysical Methods of Exploration 地球物理勘探方法

朗誦者：朱俊強（Steven Zhu）

Unit 5 Geophysical Methods of Exploration

Petroleum exploration and production are largely concerned with the geological interpretation of geophysical data, especially in offshore areas. Petroleum geologists need to be well acquainted with the methods of geophysics. For many years a large communication barrier existed in many oil companies between the two groups, which were usually organized in different departments. This separation has now largely disappeared, as a new breed of petroleum geoscientist appears --– half geologist and half geophysicist. Unfortunately, a new division has developed within the geophysical world between the mathematicians, physicists, and computer programmers (who acquire and process geophysical data) and those who use geological concepts to interpret this information.

The following account of geophysical methods of petroleum exploration has two objectives. It seeks to explain the basic principles and to illustrate the wonders of modem geophysical display. What it does not pretend to do, however, is explain the arcane mathematics (神秘的數學) and statistical gymnastics (統計學的技巧) that are used to get from first principles to the finished brightly colored geophysical image(色彩鮮明的地球物理圖像). This account is probably sufficient for petroleum reservoir engineers seeking to know the origins of the maps by which fields are found and reserves assessed. For petroleum geologists, however, it is only an introduction and will be followed by courses in geophysics in general and in seismic interpretation in particular.

Three main geophysical methods are used in petroleum exploration: magnetic, gravity, and seismic. The first two of these methods are used only in the predrilling exploration phase. Seismic surveying is used in both exploration and development phases andis by far the most important of the three methods.

New Words and Expression

petroleum geologist 石油地質學家

geologist n. 地質學家

geophysicist n. 地球物理學家

magnetic n. 磁力

gravity n. 重力

seismic adj. 地震的

the dissolved gas drive 溶解氣驅動/溶解氣驅

gas cap 氣頂

critical gas saturation 臨界氣體飽和度

【參考譯文】

地球物理勘探方法

石油勘探和生產很大程度上與地球物理資料的地質解釋密切相關，特別是在海上區域。石油地質學家需要非常熟悉地球物理學方法。多年來，在很多石油公司，通常隸屬不同部門的地質和地球物理兩個小組之間存在很大的交流障礙。而今，隨著石油地球科學家這一新的群體的出現，他們既是半個地質學家，又是半個地球物理學家，原有的兩派分化現象在很大程度上已經消失。令人遺憾的是，在地球物理學領域，數學家、物理學家及計算機程序員（採集和處理地球物理資料）和那些應用地質學概念解釋這些信息的人員之間又出現了新的分化。

以下所述的石油勘探的地球物理方法有兩個目的。一是尋求解釋基本現象，二是展示現代地球物理學的技術奇蹟。但它並不解釋從基本現象到最終色彩鮮明的地球物理圖像中所運用的神秘的數學和統計學技巧。該描述可能足以幫助油藏工程師了解發現油田及進行儲量評估所用的圖件。但是，對於石油地質學家而言，這只是個基礎，還要接著學習一般的地球物理學的課程，尤其是地震解釋的課程。

石油勘探中的三種主要的地球物理學方法是磁力勘探、重力勘探和地震勘探。前兩種方法僅用於鑽井之前的勘探階段。地震勘探用於勘探和開發兩個階段，是目前這三種方法中最重要的方法。

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