鹽對身體的影響
Salt"s effects on your body
鹽對身體的影響
原文網址：http://www.bloodpressureuk.org/microsites/salt/Home/Whysaltisbad/Saltseffects
原文作者：Blood Pressure Association UK（英國血壓協會）
Salt works on your kidneys to make your body hold on to more water.
鹽作用於腎臟，讓人體留住更多水分。
This extra stored water raises your blood pressure and puts strain on your kidneys, arteries, heart and brain.
這些多餘的蓄水，會升高血壓，讓腎臟、動脈、心臟和大腦承受壓力。
Kidneys
腎臟
Your body removes unwanted fluid by filtering your blood through your kidneys. Here any extra fluid is sucked out and put into your bladder to be removed as urine.
人體通過腎臟過濾血液，排出不需要的液體。在這裡，多餘的液體吸出來，送入膀胱，以尿液的形式排出。
To do this, your kidneys use osmosis to draw the extra water out of your blood. This process uses a delicate balance of sodium and potassium to pull the water across a wall of cells from the bloodstream into a collecting channel that leads to the bladder.
要做到這一點，腎臟運用滲透作用，從血液中吸取多餘水分。該過程運用鈉鉀之間微妙的平衡，穿過重重細胞，從血流中吸取水分，讓其進入導向膀胱的集水管。
Eating salt raises the amount of sodium in your bloodstream and wrecks the delicate balance, reducing the ability of your kidneys to remove the water.
吃鹽會升高血流中的鈉含量，破壞微妙的鈉鉀平衡，降低腎臟排出水分的能力。
The result is a higher blood pressure due to the extra fluid and extra strain on the delicate blood vessels leading to the kidneys.
結果，由於體液瀦留，導向腎臟的精細血管承受額外的壓力，人體血壓升高了。
Over time, this extra strain can damage the kidneys - known as kidney disease. This reduces their ability to filter out unwanted and toxic waste products, which then start to build up in the body.
久而久之，這額外的壓力就會損害腎臟——腎病就這樣來了。這削弱了腎臟濾出多餘和有毒廢物的能力，它們開始在體內積聚。
If kidney disease is left untreated and the blood pressure isn"t lowered, the damage can lead to kidney failure. This is when the kidneys are no longer able to be filter the blood and the body slowly becomes poisoned by its own toxic waste products.
如果放任腎病不管，血壓就會高企不下，腎臟受損最終造成腎衰竭。這種情況下，腎臟不再能過濾血液，人體會慢慢受到其自身有毒廢物的毒害。
If you have high blood pressure and are being treated with a diuretic medication, this makes the kidneys remove more fluid from the bloodstream. Because the sodium in salt counteracts this effect, reducing your salt intake will make your blood pressure medicine more effective.
如果你有高血壓，正在接受利尿劑藥物的治療，它們會讓腎臟從血流中排出多餘液體。因為鹽中的鈉會抵消這種作用，少吃鹽就會讓你的降壓藥更有效。
Arteries
動脈
The extra blood pressure caused by eating too much salt puts extra strain on the insides of your arteries.
吃太多鹽導致額外血壓，會給動脈的內襯造成額外的壓力。
To cope with the extra strain, the tiny muscles in the artery walls become stronger and thicker. Yet this only makes the space inside the arteries smaller and raises your blood pressure even higher.
為了應付這額外的壓力，動脈壁的微小肌群會變得更壯更厚。但這隻會讓動脈內的空間變得更狹窄，變本加厲地提升血壓。
This cycle of increasing blood pressure (which occurs slowly over a number of years) can ultimately lead to the arteries bursting or becoming so narrow that they then clog up entirely.
這種增高血壓的循環（多年裡緩慢發生的過程）會最終引發動脈破裂，或者動脈變得太狹窄，後來完全堵塞。
When this happens, the organs of the body that were receiving the blood from the arteries become starved of the oxygen and nutrients they need. This can result in the organs being damaged and can be fatal.
發生這些情況後，從動脈接受血液的體內各器官就會嚴重缺乏所需的氧氣和營養。於是，這些器官不斷受損，有可能致命。
Heart
心臟
The raised blood pressure caused by eating too much salt may damage the arteries leading to the heart.
吃太多鹽造成的高血壓，還可能損害導向心臟的血管。
At first, it may cause a slight reduction in the amount of blood reaching the heart. This may lead to angina (sharp pains in the chest when being active).
一開始，高血壓會造成輸入心臟的血液輕微減少。這會引發心絞痛（活躍時，胸部劇痛）。
With this condition the cells in the heart don"t work as well as they should because they are not receiving enough oxygen and nutrients. However, lowering blood pressure may help to alleviate some of the problems and reduce the risk of greater damage.
這種情況下，因為得不到足夠的氧氣和營養，心肌細胞沒法實現正常功能。不過，降低血壓可有助於舒緩某些問題，降低發生更大損害的風險。
If you continue to eat too much salt then, over time, the damage caused by the extra blood pressure may become so severe that the arteries burst or become completely clogged.
如果你還是一如既往地吃太多鹽，有朝一日，過高血壓造成的損害會非常嚴重，動脈破裂，要不完全堵塞。
If this happens, then the part of the heart that was receiving the blood no longer gets the oxygen and nutrients it needs and dies. The result is a heart attack.
如果發生了這種情況，那麼，輸入血液的心臟部位不再能獲得所需的氧氣和營養，壞死了。如此一來，心臟病發作了。
The best way to prevent a heart attack is to stop the arteries becoming damaged. And one of the best ways of doing this is keep your blood pressure down by eating less salt.
預防心臟病發作的最好辦法就是：停止讓動脈受損。要做到這一點，最佳途徑之一就是：少吃鹽，不讓血壓升上去。
Brain
大腦
The raised blood pressure caused by eating too much salt may damage the arteries leading to the brain.
吃太多鹽造成的高血壓，還可能損傷導向大腦的動脈。
At first, it may cause a slight reduction in the amount of blood reaching the brain. This may lead to dementia (known as vascular dementia).
一開始，這會造成輸入大腦的血流量輕微減少，引發痴呆症（稱為血管性痴呆）。
With this condition the cells in the brain don"t work as well as they should because they are not receiving enough oxygen and nutrients. However, lowering blood pressure may help to alleviate some of the problems and reduce the risk of greater damage.
這種情況下，由於得不到所需的氧氣和營養，大腦里的細胞沒法正常運轉。不過，降低血壓可有助於減輕某些問題，降低損傷擴大的風險。
If you continue to eat too much salt then, over time, the damage caused by the extra blood pressure may become so severe that the arteries burst or become completely clogged.
如果你繼續吃太多鹽，那麼，時間一久，過高血壓造成的損害可能非常嚴重，動脈破裂或者完全堵塞。
If this happens, then the part of the brain that was receiving the blood no longer gets the oxygen and nutrients it needs and dies. The result is a stroke, where you lose the ability to do the things that part of the brain used to control.
如果發生了這種情況，接受輸入血液的這部分大腦就不再獲得所需的氧氣和營養並壞死。於是，腦中風了，人失去了做某些事的能力，而這些事是這部分大腦過去掌控的。
The best way to prevent a stroke is to stop the arteries becoming damaged. And one of the best ways of doing this is keep your blood pressure down by eating less salt.
防止中風的最佳途徑就是阻止動脈受損。而做到這一點的一個最好方法是：少吃鹽，讓血壓不升高。
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