機器的崛起 BBC六分鐘
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English.I』m Dan and joining me today is Neil. Hi Neil.
歡迎收聽六分鐘英語。我是丹，今天和我一起主持節目的是尼爾。你好，尼爾。
Hi Dan. What』s with the protective gear and helmet?
你好，丹。你怎麼帶著防護裝置和頭盔呢？
I』m just getting ready for the inevitable rise of the machines.That』s the takeover of the world by artificial intelligence, or AI, which some people predict will happen.
我在為不可避免的機器崛起做準備。也就是人工智慧會佔領世界，一些人預測這將會發生。
Inevitable means cannot be avoided or stopped. Rise of the machines? What do you mean?
Inevitable是指不能迴避或停止的。機器的崛起？這是什麼意思？
It』s our topic in this 6 Minute English.We』ll be talking about that, giving you six related pieces of vocabulary and, of course, our regular quiz question.
這是我們本期六分鐘英語的話題。我們一會要討論這個話題，提供六個相關的單詞，當然還有我們常規的問題。
That』s the first thing you』ve said that makes any sense. What』s the question?
這是你說的第一件正經事。問題是什麼？
The word robot as we use it today was first used in a 1920』s Czech play Rossum』s Universal Robots. But before this,what was its original meaning?a) forced labour b) metal man c) heartless thing
我們今天使用的「機器」一詞，首次出現於1920年的捷克戲劇《羅素姆的全能機械人》。但這之前，它起初的意思是什麼呢？a) 強迫勞動，b)金屬人，c) 無情的東西。
I will go for a) forced labour.
我選a) 強迫勞動。
We』ll find out if you were right or not later in the show.
之後我們再看你回答得是否正確。
OK Dan. Tell me what』s going on.
好的，告訴我接下來做什麼。
I saw a news article written by BBC technology correspondent Rory Cellan-Jones about the recent CES technology show in Las Vegas.He interviewed David Hanson, founder of Hanson Robotics, who said it was his ambition to achieve an AI that can beat humans at any intellectual task.
我最近看到BBC科技記者羅里·凱蘭-瓊斯寫的一篇新聞報道，關於拉斯維加斯最近的消費電子展。他採訪了大衛·漢森，漢森機器人技術公司的創始人，他說他的志向是創造一個人工智慧，能夠在任何智力任務上打敗人類。
Surely it』s a good thing!Better AI and robotics could take over many of the jobs that we don』t want to do, or that are so important to get 100% right… like air traffic control. We』d never have another plane crash.It would be infallible because it would be so clever.
當然，這是件好事。更好的人工智慧和機器人能夠接管很多我們不想做的工作，或者很重要需要百分之百正確的工作，例如空中交通管制。我們就不會有任何飛機事故了。人工智慧不會犯錯，因為它太聰明了。
Infallible means never failing. And that』s what bothers me.What happens when its intelligence surpasses ours? Why should it do what we want it to do?
infallible是指從來不會失敗。這也讓我很苦惱。當人工智慧的智商超過我們的智商，會發生什麼？它為什麼還會做我們想要它做的事呢？
To surpass something is to do or be better than it. Dan, you』ve been watching too many movies. Robots fighting humanity is a popular theme. Guess what… humanity often wins.And besides, we would programme the computer to be benevolent.
超過某物是指比某物做的好。丹，你看太多電影了。機器人對抗人類是一個很流行的話題。猜猜發生什麼，人類總會獲勝的。而且，我們可以用電腦編程讓它變得友善。
Benevolent means kind and helpful. But that』s just it, once the intelligence becomes sentient, or able to think for itself, who knows what it will do. We humans are not exactly perfect, you know.What happens if it decides that it is better than us and wants us out of the way?
Benevolent是指善良的，有用的。但一旦人工智慧有了自己的意識，或者說能夠自己思考，知道自己將要做什麼。我們人類不總是完美的，你知道的。如果它認為它比我們好，想要我們不擋道，會發生什麼？
Don』t worry. Asimov thought of that. Isaac Asimov was an American science fiction writer who, among other things, wrote about robots.He came up with three laws that every robot would have to follow to stop it from acting against humanity. So we』re safe!
不要擔心。阿西莫夫考慮過這一點了。艾薩克·阿西莫夫是一名美國科幻小說作者，寫了很多關於機器人和其他東西的小說。他提出了三條每一個機器人應當遵守，阻止其抵抗人性的法律。所以我們是安全的！
I』m not so sure. A sentient robot could make up its own mind about how to interpret the laws.For example, imagine if we created an AI system to protect all of humanity.
我不太確定。一個有自我意識的機器人會下決心如何詮釋法律。例如，想像一下，如果我們創造一個能夠保護所有人類的人工智慧系統。
Well, that』s great! No more war. No more murder. No more fighting.
那很棒啊！再沒有了戰爭！再沒有殺戮！再沒有爭鬥！
Do you really think that humans can stop fighting? What if the AI decides that the only way to stop us from hurting ourselves and each other is to control everything we do,so it takes over to protect us. Then we would lose our freedom to a thing that we created that is infallible and more intelligent than we are! That』s the end, Neil!
你真的認為人類可以停止爭鬥？那如果人工智慧認為阻止我們自相殘殺的唯一方式就是控制我們做的所有事，所以它們就會接管主動權來保護我們，那怎麼辦？那麼，我們就會因為我們所創造出的無懈可擊，比我們更智能的東西失去自由！那就是結局，尼爾！
I think that』s a little far-fetched, which means difficult to believe.I』m sure others don』t think that way.
我覺得這有點牽強，就是說很難相信。我認為其他人不會這麼想。
OK. Let』s hear what the Learning English team say when I ask them if they are worried that AI and robots could take over the world.
好的。我們來聽聽英語學習團隊是怎麼回答我所提問的是否擔心人工智慧和機器人接管世界這個問題的。
Well, it』s possible, but unlikely.There will come a point where our technology will be limited – probably before real AI is achieved.
有這個可能性，但不可能。會有一個點，我們的技術是首先的，可能在真正的人工智慧發明之前。
Never in a million years.First of all we』d programme them so that they couldn』t, and secondly we』d beat them anyway.Haven』t you ever seen a movie?
一百萬年內不可能。首先是我們編程創造的它們，所以不可能，第二，我們總會打敗它們的。你沒有看過電影嗎？
I totally think it could happen. We only have to make a robot that』s smart enough to start thinking for itself. After that, who knows what it might do.
我完全相信這是有可能發生的。我們只是創造了一個足夠聰明，能夠開始自我思考的機器人。之後，誰也不知道它會做什麼。
A mixed bag of opinions there, Dan. It seems you aren』t alone.
五花八門的看法。看來不只是你那麼想。
Nope. But I don』t exactly have an army of support either. I guess we』ll just have to wait and see.
不是。但我也並不是有很多人支持。我猜我們只能拭目以待了。
Speak for yourself. I』ve waited long enough – for our quiz question that is.
代表你自己就行了。我等問題的答案已經等很久了。
Oh yeah! I asked you what the original meaning of the word robot was before it was used in its modern form.a) forced labour b) metal man c) heartless thing
是的。我問你機器人在現代使用之前的最初意思是什麼。a) 強迫勞動，b)金屬人，c) 無情的東西。
And I said a) forced labour.
我選的是強迫勞動。
And you were… right!
你答對了！
Shall we take a look at the vocabulary then?
接下來我們看一看單詞吧？
OK. First we hadinevitable. If something is inevitable then it cannot be avoided or stopped. Can you think of something inevitable, Neil?
首先，我們提到不可避免的。某事如果是不可避免的，那就是說它不能被迴避或阻止。你能想到一件不可避免的事嗎，尼爾？
It is inevitable that one day the Sun will stop burning. Then we hadinfallible, which means never failing. Give us an example, Dan.
有一天太陽會停止發熱，這是不可避免的。接下來我們提到絕無錯誤的，是指永遠不會失敗。給我們一個例子吧，丹。
The vaccine for small pox is infallible. The natural spread of that disease has been completely stopped. After that wassurpasses. If something surpasses something else then it becomes better than it.
用疫苗治療天花是不會錯的。這種疾病的自然傳播已經完全被阻止了。在那之後我們提到超過。如果某物超過了其他事物，那麼它變得更好了。
Many parents across the world hope that their children will surpass them in wealth, status or achievement. After that we heardbenevolent, which means kind and helpful. Name a person famous for being benevolent, Dan.
全世界的大多數父母都希望他們的孩子能夠在財富、地位或成就上超越自己。之後我們提到友善的，是指善良的，有益處的。提一個因友善而聞名的人吧，丹。
Father Christmas is a benevolent character. After that we heardsentient. If something is sentient, it is able to think for itself.
聖誕老人就是一個友善的人物。下一個單詞是有意識的。如果某物是有意識的，就是說它能夠自己思考。
Indeed. Many people wonder about the possibility of sentient life on other planets. Finally we heardfar-fetched, which means difficult to believe. Like that far-fetched story you told me the other day about being late because of a dragon, Dan.
沒錯。很多人都在想其他星球上有意識的生命存在的可能性。最後我們提到牽強的，是指很難相信。就像你那天告訴我你遲到是因為一條龍一樣牽強的故事。
I swear it was real! It had big sharp teeth and everything!
我發誓那是真的！它有大而尖銳的牙齒！
Yeah, yeah, yeah. And that』s the end of this 6 Minute English.Don』t forget to check out our Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube pages.See you next time!
好的，好的。今天的六分鐘英語就到這裡。別忘了登陸我們的 Facebook， Twitter，和 YouTube主頁。下期再會！
Bye!
再見！
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