看冬奧，學英語—sketch
FIGURE SKATING（花樣滑冰）
Figure skating is the oldest sport on the Olympic Winter Games programme. It was contested at the 1908 London Games and again in 1920 in Antwerp. Men』s, women』s, and pairs were the three events contested until 1972. Since 1976, ice dancing has been the fourth event in the programme, proving a great success.
花樣滑冰是冬奧會項目中最古老的運動。在1908年倫敦奧運會上，花樣滑冰成為了比賽項目，1920年在安特衛普奧運會上再次成為比賽項目。1972年之前只有男子，女子與雙人滑三項比賽。自1976年以來，冰舞已成為該項目的第四項賽事，取得了巨大成功。
FREE-STYLE SKIING（自由式滑雪）
Freestyle skiing was contested as a demonstration sport at the 1988 Calgary Games. There were events for both men and women in all three events – moguls, aerials and ballet. Four years later, the mogul event gained medal status at the Albertville Games, as did the aerial event in Lillehammer in 1994. Ski cross made its Olympic debut at the 2010 Vancouver Games. Slopestyle and halfpipe were added to the freestyle skiing programme at the 2014 Sochi Games.
在1988年的卡爾加里冬奧會上，自由式滑雪是一項表演項目。在所有三項賽事中都有男子與女子項目 - 雪上技巧，空中技巧和雪上芭蕾。四年後，雪上技巧在阿爾貝維爾冬奧會上獲得了獎牌地位，1994年在利勒哈默爾冬奧會上空中技巧獲得獎牌地位。障礙追逐在2010年溫哥華冬奧會上首次亮相。2014年索契冬奧會自由式滑雪項目增加了破面障礙技巧和U型場地技巧。
ICE HOCKEY（冰球）
Six-a-side men』s ice hockey has been on the programme of every edition of the Winter Games since 1924 in Chamonix. Women』s ice hockey was accepted as an Olympic sport in 1992, and made its official debut in 1998 in Nagano.
Canada dominated the first tournaments. However, in 1956, and until its dissolution, the Soviet Union took over and became the number one team. It was interrupted only by USA victories in 1960 in Squaw Valley and in 1980 in Lake .
自1924年以來，每一屆冬季奧運會都有六人隊的冰球賽。女子冰球於1992年被接受為奧運項目，並於1998年在長野冬奧會亮相。
加拿大在前幾屆比賽中一直稱霸。然而，從1956年到蘇聯解體前，蘇聯成為了頭號隊伍。1960年在斯闊谷，1980年在普萊西德湖美國隊打破了蘇聯的統治地位。
LUGE（無舵雪橇）
Luge is the French word for 「sledge」 and, like bobsleigh, it was developed as a sport in Switzerland. Its roots go back to the 16th century, but it was not until 300 years later that the first luge tracks were built by Swiss hotel owners to cater for thrill-seeking tourists.
The first international race course was held in Davos in 1883, with competitors racing along an icy 4km road between Davos and the village of Klosters.
Luge是法語詞，指的是「雪橇」，與雪橇一樣，也是在瑞士發展起來的。它可以追溯到16世紀，但直到300年後，瑞士酒店業主才修建了第一座雪道，以迎合尋求刺激的遊客。
第一屆國際比賽於1883年在達沃斯舉行，參賽者在達沃斯與克洛斯特斯村之間的一條結冰的4公里道路上競賽。
跳台滑雪
越野滑雪
NORDIC COMBINED（北歐兩項）
Nordic combined individual events have featured in every Games since the first Olympic Winter Games in Chamonix in 1924. The sport has been dominated by the Norwegians. Indeed, it was not until 1960 that the Nordic grip on Olympic triumphs in this discipline was finally broken when West German Georg Thoma won the gold medal at Squaw Valley in 1960.
自從1924年在夏蒙尼舉行的第一屆冬季奧運會以來，每場比賽都有北歐兩項個人賽。這項運動一直由挪威人統治。直到1960年，西德的格奧爾格托馬斯贏得金牌後，才打破了北歐人對這一項目的統治。
SHORT TRACK SPEED SKATING（短道速滑）
Countries such as Great Britain, Australia, Belgium, France and Japan deserve a great deal of credit in the development of the sport since they participated in international open competitions before the sport was recognized by the International Skating Union. In 1967 the ISU declares Short Track Speed Skating an official sport but international worldwide competitions are not held until 1976.
In recent Games, China and Korea have emerged to challenge North American dominance in this event. Indeed at the 2006 Turin Games, it was South Korea who emerged as the nation to beat, winning an incredible six gold medals, and 10 medals in total.
在短道速滑得到國際滑冰聯盟認可之前，英國，澳大利亞，比利時，法國和日本在國際公開賽中已享有盛譽。1967年，國際滑聯宣布短道速滑成為正式比賽項目，但到1976年才舉辦了國際性賽事。
在最近幾屆奧運會上，中國和韓國開始挑戰北美在這場比賽中的統治地位。在2006年的都靈奧運會上，韓國隊嶄露頭角，贏得了六枚金牌和十枚獎牌。
SKELETON（俯式雪橇/鋼架雪車）
Sleighing is one of the oldest winter sports. Descriptions of the sport can be found in 16th-century literature, but as a racing sport it can be traced to the mid-19th century, when British tourists started sliding down snowbound roads in the Alps. British and American holidaymakers built the first toboggan run in Davos in 1882.
雪橇是最古老的冬季運動之一。16世紀的文學作品裡就描述了這項運動。作為一項競速運動，它可以追溯到19世紀中期，當時英國遊客沿著阿爾卑斯山雪道向下滑行。1882年，英國和美國的度假者在達沃斯建造了第一條雪橇道。
SKI JUMPING（跳台滑雪）
The origin of ski jumping can be traced to Ole Rye who jumped 9.5m in 1808. Norwegian Sondre Norheim is widely considered the father of modern ski jumping. In 1866 he won what has been described as the world』s first ski jumping competition with prizes, held in Norway.
跳台滑雪可以追溯至1808年跳台高度達9.5米的奧萊拉。挪威桑德爾諾爾海姆認為是現代跳台滑雪之父。1866年，他贏得了挪威舉辦的世界上第一場設獎的跳台滑雪比賽。
SNOWBOARD（單板滑雪）
Men』s and women』s snowboarding made their Olympic debuts at the Nagano Games in 1998 with giant slalom and halfpipe competitions. The discipline proved an instant success and returned to Salt Lake City four years later with parallel giant slalom and halfpipe competitions. In Turin, snowboard cross also made its debut.
1998年男子和女子單板滑雪比賽在長野冬奧會上首次亮相，舉行了大迴轉和U型池比賽。這項比賽大獲成功，並於四年後重回鹽湖城冬奧會大家庭，舉行了平行大迴轉和U型池比賽。在都靈，雪板追逐賽也首次亮相。
SPEED SKATING（速度滑冰）
The Dutch were arguably the earliest pioneers of skating. They began using canals to maintain communication by skating from village to village as far back as the 13th century. Skating eventually spread across the channel to England, and soon the first clubs and artificial rinks began to form. Passionate skaters included several kings of England, Marie Antoinette, Napoleon III and German writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.
荷蘭人可以說是速度滑冰的先驅。早在13世紀，各個村莊就開始利用運河保持聯繫。速度滑冰通過海峽傳播到英格蘭，並且很快出現了第一傢俱樂部和人造溜冰場。滑冰愛好者包括英格蘭的幾位國王，瑪麗·安托瓦內特，拿破崙三世和德國作家約翰·沃爾夫岡·馮·歌德。
資料參考：https://www.olympic.org/biathlon
翻譯/編輯：Matt
TAG:無上英語 |