如何分析議論文中「contrast」修的辭效果？

在議論文寫作中，作者經常會使用對比的寫作手法，去比較兩個話題、觀點和事物的不同之處，通過鮮明的對比來達到說服讀者的目的。那麼對比（contrast）在議論文中具體是如何發揮它的說服作用的，我們今天就一起來看看吧~

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什麼是對比（contrast）？

if you contrast one thing with another, you point out or consider the differences between those things.

簡單說，對比就是比較兩個事物的不同之處，以達到強調的作用。比如官方指南第四篇寫作題Let There Be Dark中有這樣一句話：

And too little darkness, meaning too much artificial light at night, spells trouble for all.

在這句話中，作者使用了對比的修辭手法，黑夜的減少和人工照明的增加形成了一個鮮明的對比，從而突出了黑夜的重要性。

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對比常見的修辭效果是什麼？

1）澄清觀點

to elucidate ideas and clear their meanings

2）加強觀點

opposite and contrasting ideas shock the audience, heighten drama and are memorable for readers.

3）平衡觀點

contrasting ideas produce balanced structures.

常用句型如下：

What the author does?

The author employs a distinct contrast…

The author contrasts the fact with another…

In contrast to…

Why he or she does it?

…to highlight a paradox…

This tool is utilized to establish an emphasis on…

What effect this is likely to have on readers?

…contribute to the sense that…

…clarify the concepts for the readers.

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如何用3W原則

對contrast展開深度分析？

如何使用3W原則來分析一篇議論文中的contrast呢，我們一起看個例子吧~

We were taking the black young men who had been crippled by our society and sending them eight thousand miles away to guarantee liberties in Southeast Asia which they had not found in southwest Georgia and East Harlem. And so we have been repeatedly faced with the cruel irony of watching Negro and white boys on TV screens as they kill and die together for a nation that has been unable to seat them together in the same schools. And so we watch them in brutal solidarity burning the huts of a poor village, but we realize that they would hardly live on the same block in Chicago.（ 原文選自：Beyond Vietnam — A Time to Break Silence.)

分 析

King sees young black men, denied their rights at home, sent 8,000 miles 「to guarantee liberties in Southeast Asia」; Negro and white boys, who cannot study at the same schools in the US,「kill and die together」 in Vietnam; boys who cannot live in the same Chicago neighborhood burn huts abroad in 「brutal solidarity」. Dichotomies of contrasting images allow King to show how the war highlights state hypocrisy and the moral inconsistencies of segregation.（範文摘自《新SAT寫作官方題庫與範文》中國出版集團中譯出版社）

原文如何體現3W原則

首先範文分析了原文作者在此處使用了一個對比的寫作手法（Dichotomies of contrasting images），即將黑人在國內無法與白人享受平等權利的事實同在國外一起奔赴戰場，去追求所謂自由的事實做了一個對比。

緊接著，範文分析了這一手法的修辭目的（allow King to show…） 即通過對比，向觀眾揭露了政府虛偽和出爾反爾的真面目。

GIF

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