看膩了千篇一律的回憶，來點威學一百貨真價實的分析！

3.24托福考完，威學托福組老師就收到一些學生髮來的考試回憶帖子，稍微看了一下，發現都是千篇一律的回憶。不知道什麼時候開始，考試日當天到次日，各家托福公眾號都會發考情回憶，難免雷同。而且簡單的回憶對大家接下來的備考，作用並不大，於是威學托福調研組決定給大家寫點乾貨，希望對大家有所幫助！

首先4月精讀團有乖乖領資料的同學們先樂了一會兒，考到了上周的福利文章：ZTPO2這篇閱讀，ZTPO 02 - Constraints on Natural Selection。

4月精讀團弟子們，你們也可以偷著樂了，ZTPO1-20總共60篇文章，威學都會送給你們！加上精讀團精講的10篇文章，把這些文章吃透，實力提升不是難事，命中只是錦上添花！傑哥聽力今天也命中原題了，據說也會完善ZTPO聽力真題，大家期待吧！

今天來給大家講一個巨難的題目：Constraints on Natural Selection

Another constraint on natural selection is developmental interaction. The different components of an individual organism—its structures and organs—are not independent of one another, and none of them responds to selection without interacting with the others. The whole developmental machinery is a single interacting system. Organisms are compromises among competing demands. How far a particular structure or organ can respond to the forces of selection depends, to a considerable extent, on the resistance offered by other structures and organs, as well as components of the genotype (the totality of an individual』s genes).

7.According to paragraph 3, why must organisms compromise between competing demands?

A. A particular organ or structure may be unable to respond to selection pressures due to the needs of other parts of the organism.

B. An organism』s ability to respond to the forces of selection depends on the demands of other organisms within its environment.

C. An organism』s environment and its genotype try at the same time to influence its ability to respond to natural selection.

D. Different elements of the environment call for adaptations that are often incompatible with one another.

這個題很多同學會在A和B中糾結！考場遇到這種2選1的情況，很正常，大家還記得我送給你們的四字箴言嗎？2選1記得比較，然後「去同存異」

對比之後，我們會發現，A和B主要的區別在於，A是 due to the needs of other parts of the organism，B depends on the demands of other organisms within its environment.原因描述是不一樣的，按照我們對比較邏輯考點的分析，A選項是強調個體內部或者自身的比較，而B選項強調的是個體和個體之間的比較！

再回去原文，會發現：原文的意思也是生命體內部，不同的組織和器官的比較，所以答案選A！大家看明白了嗎？

這就是我們提倡的邏輯考點分析法！不僅要讀好文章，還要看透ETS的出題思路！比較邏輯，現在比較深的套路就是這樣，個體內部的比較 PK個體和個體之間的比較！當然也可以是群體內部的比較 PK群體和群體之間的比較。

我們再舉一個真題的例子，原文中的描述是

Thorpe found that, if he raised young males in total isolation from all others, the song they produced was quite different from that of a normal adult.

選項改成了：Characteristics of the song of the young chaffinches in Chorpe』s experiment were clearly different from each other.

能體會出考點嗎？原文是不同類別的比較，實驗室的鳥和野外的鳥，選項是實驗室這類鳥自身的比較！是不是如出一轍呢！

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