德國尖嘴犬，包括荷蘭毛獅犬和博美犬FCI標準

註：該標準中文版翻譯自FCI國際純種犬標準英文版，已發佈於CKU新官網-犬種百科

05.03.1998 / GB

FCI-國際純種犬標準第 97 號

GERMAN SPITZ, INCLUDING KEESHOND AND POMERANIAN

德國尖嘴犬，包括荷蘭毛獅犬和博美犬

本圖片不一定代表該犬種的理想例子

ORIGIN: Germany.

起源：德國

Date of acceptance on a definitive basis by the FCI: 1/1/1957

FCI正式認可日期：1957年1月1日

DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE OFFICIAL VALID STANDARD:17.01.2013

正式生效標準發布日期：2013年1月17日

UTILIZATION:Watch and Companion Dog.

用途：看守犬和伴侶犬

FCI-CLASSIFICATION:

Group 5 Spitz and primitive types.

Section 4 European Spitz.

Without working trial.

FCI分組：

第5組 尖嘴犬及原始犬組

第4類：歐洲尖嘴犬

無需工作測試

BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY:

German Spitz are descendants of the stone age ? Peat Dogs ? (Torfhund) ? Canis familiaris palustris Rüthimeyer ? and the later Lake Dweller』s(Pfahlbau) Spitz; they are the oldest breed of dog in Central Europe. Numerous other breeds have been produced from them. In nonGerman speaking countries Wolfsspitz are known as Keeshonds and Toy Spitz as Pomeranians.

歷史沿革：

德國狐狸犬是石器時代「泥炭狗」、「Canis familiaris palustris Rüthimeyer」和後來的湖上生活者的狐狸犬的後代；德國狐狸犬是中歐最古老的犬種。這類犬以後衍生出了不計其數的犬種。在非德語國家，絨毛狼犬被稱為毛獅犬，玩具狐狸犬被稱為博美犬。

GENERAL APPEARANCE:

Spitz breeds are captivating on account of their beautiful coats, made to stand off by plentiful undercoat. Particularly impressive is the strong, mane-like collar round the neck (ruff) and the bushy tail carried boldly over the back. The foxy head with alert eyes and the small pointed, closely set ears give the Spitz his unique characteristic, cheeky appearance.

整體外貌：

狐狸犬的美麗被毛很迷人，底毛豐富並支撐起外層被毛。給人特別的印象是強壯、脖子周圍的飾毛（頸毛）像鬃一樣，尾巴被毛豐富，明顯舉過背。頭呈狐狸樣，眼神機警，耳朵小而尖，距離近，給了狐狸犬一個獨具特色的、頑皮的外貌。

IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS:

The ratio of height at withers to body length is 1 : 1.

重要比例：肩高和體長之間的比例為1:1。

BEHAVIOUR/TEMPERAMENT:

The German Spitz is always attentive, lively and exceptionally devoted to his owner. He is very teachable and easy to train. His distrust to strangers and lack of hunting instinct make him the ideal watchdog for home and farm.

He is neither timid nor aggressive. Indifference to weather, robustness and longevity are his most outstanding attributes.

行為/秉性：

德國狐狸犬通常專註、活潑、非常忠實於主人。極易馴養。不信任生人，缺乏狩獵本能，這使得它成為家庭及農場中理想的看守犬。這種犬不膽小也不好鬥。其最突出的特徵是不受天氣影響、精力充沛、壽命長。

HEAD:頭部

CRANIAL REGION:顱部區域

The Spitz』s medium size head, seen from above, appears broadest at the back and tapers in wedgeshape to the tip of the nose.

頭部中等大小，從上面看，底部寬，至鼻尖以楔形狀逐漸變細。

Stop:Moderate to marked, never abrupt.

額段：較為明顯，但不突兀。

FACIAL REGION:面部區域

Nose:The nose is round, small and pure black, dark brown in brown Spitz.

鼻：鼻圓，小且為黑色，褐色狐狸犬的鼻為深褐色。

Muzzle:The muzzle is not overlong and stands in pleasing proportion to the skull. (In Wolfspitz/Keeshond, Giant Spitz and Medium-size Spitz the ratio length of the muzzle to length of the skull is approximately 2:3, in Miniature Spitz and Toy Spitz approximately 2:4.).

口吻：口吻不太長，與頭骨比例協調。（在絨毛尖嘴狼犬/毛獅犬、大型狐狸犬和中型狐狸犬中，口吻長度和頭骨長度的比例大約為2：3，在迷你狐狸犬和玩具狐狸犬中這一比例約為2：4）。

Lips:The lips are not exaggerated, close fitting to the jaws and do not form any folds to the corner of the mouth. They are completely black in all colours, brown in brown Spitz.

嘴唇：唇不誇張，緊貼雙頜，在嘴角不形成任何摺疊。褐色狐狸犬的唇為褐色，其它色的皆為黑色。

Jaws/Teeth:The jaws are normally developed and show a complete scissor bite with 42 teeth, corresponding to the teeth formula of the dog, i.e. the upper teeth closely overlapping the lower teeth and set square to the jaws. In Miniature-and Toy (Pomeranian) Spitz the lack of a few premolars is tolerated. Pincer-bite is permissible in all varieties of the German Spitz.

頜/齒：雙頜正常發育，42顆牙成完全的剪咬合，符合狗牙的規則，即上下牙齒緊叩，雙頜成方形。在小型狐狸犬和玩具狐狸犬中，允許缺少前臼齒。在所有德國狐狸犬中，鉗咬合也是可接受的。

Cheeks: The cheeks are gently rounded, not protruding.

頰：略圓，不突出。

Eyes:The eyes are of medium size, longish shape, slightly slanting and dark. The eyelids are black in all shades of colour, dark brown in brown Spitz.

眼睛：中等大小、長形、略斜、深。眼瞼為各種色度的黑色，褐色狐狸犬的眼瞼為深褐色。

Ears:The small ears are set high and relatively close to each other, triangular and pointed; they are always carried upright, stiff at the tips.

耳朵：耳小位置高，兩耳距離較近，三角形，尖，直立，尖端硬。

NECK:The medium length neck is set broadly into the shoulders, slightly arched without throatiness and covered by a thick, profuse coat forming a large ruff.

頸部：中等長度，寬，略成拱形，喉部沒有垂肉，被毛厚，豐富的被毛形成了一個碩大的頸毛。

BODY:軀幹

Topline: The topline starts at the tips of the erectly carried prick-ears and merges in a gentle curve with the short, straight back. The bushy, sweeping tail, which partially covers the back, rounds off the silhouette.

背線：背線自直立的耳尖開始，與短且筆直的背匯合成一條柔和的曲線。被毛濃密、掃把樣的尾巴覆蓋住部分背，使其外形趨於圓形。

Withers / Back: The high withers drop imperceptibly into the shortest possible, straight, firm back.

肩隆/背：高高的肩隆緩緩下落並與儘可能短的、筆直、堅固的背相接合。

Loin:Short-coupled, broad and strong.

腰：接合短，寬且強壯。

Croup: The croup is broad and short, not falling away.

臀：寬、短，不下墜。

Chest:The deep chest is well sprung, the forechest well developed.

胸：胸深，擴張良好，前胸發育良好。

Underline and belly: The brisket reaches as far back as possible; the belly has only a slight tuck up.

腹線：胸儘可能地向後延伸；腹僅僅稍稍向上收攏。

TAIL:The tail is set on high and of medium length. It reaches upwards and rolls forward over the back, straight from the root. It lies firmly over the back and is covered with very bushy hair. A double curl at tip of tail is tolerated.

尾：位置高，中等長度。向上延伸，在背上向前捲曲，根部筆直。緊貼後背，被非常密的被毛所覆蓋。尾尖雙卷也可接受。

LIMBS:四肢

FOREQUARTERS:前軀

General appearance: Straight, rather broad front.

整體外形：筆直，前軀相當寬。

Shoulder:The shoulder-blade is long and well laid back. The shoulder is well muscled and firmly connected to the brisket.

肩：肩胛骨長且自然後斜。肩部肌肉發達，與胸部連接穩固。

Upper arm: The upper arm, which is approximately the same length as the shoulder-blade, forms an angle of 90 degrees to the shoulderblade.

上臂：上臂約與肩胛骨等長，並與其成90度夾角。

Elbow:The elbow joint is strong, close fitting to the brisket and turns neither in nor out.

肘：肘關節強壯，緊貼胸部，既不外翻也不內翻。

Forearm: The forearm is of medium length in relation to the body, sturdy and completely straight. The back of the forearm is well feathered.

前臂：與身長相比，前臂長度中等、穩固、筆直。前臂後側飾毛良好。

Carpus: Strong but supple.

腕骨：強健而柔軟。

Metacarpus (Pastern): The strong, medium length front pastern stands at an angle of 20 degrees from the vertical.

掌骨（系部）：強壯、長度適中的前系部站立時與垂直方向呈20度夾角。

Frontfeet: The frontfeet are as small as possible, round and closed, so called cat feet, with well arched toes. Toe-nails and pads are black in all shades of colour, but dark brownin brown dogs.

前足：前腳儘可能地小，圓且緊湊，被稱為貓腳，腳趾拱起。腳趾甲和腳掌為各種色度的黑色，但是褐色犬的相應部位為暗褐色。

LIMBS:四肢

HINDQUARTERS: 後軀

General appearance:The hindquarters are very muscular and abundantly feathered to the hocks. The hind legs stand straight and parallel.

整體外觀：後軀肌肉非常發達，至飛節覆蓋有豐富的被毛。後腿站立時筆直且相互平行。

Upper and lower thigh: Upper and lower thigh are of about equal length.

大腿和小腿： 大，小腿長度約相等。

Stifle (Knee):The stifle joint is strong with only moderate angulation and is turned neither in nor out in movement.

後膝關節: 強壯，夾角適當，運動時既不外翻也不內翻。

Hock / hock joint: The hock is of medium length, very strong and vertical to the ground.

附關節：中等長度、非常強壯並且與地面垂直。

Metatarsus: Short, strong, vertical and parallel.

跖骨：短，強壯，垂直且平行。

Hind feet:The hind feet are as small as possible, tightly closed with well arched toes, so called cat feet. The pads are coarse. The colour of nails and pads is as dark as possible.

後足：後腳儘可能地小，緊湊並且拱形自然，被稱為貓腳。腳墊粗糙。趾甲和腳墊的顏色要儘可能地黑。

GAIT/MOVEMENT:

The German Spitz moves straight ahead with good drive, fluid and springy.

步態/動態：

德國狐狸犬徑直向前運動，驅動良好，動作流暢有彈性。

SKIN: The skin covers the body tightly without any wrinkles.

皮膚：皮膚緊貼身體，沒有任何皺紋。

COAT:被毛

Hair:The German Spitz has a double coat : Long, straight, stand off top coat and short, thick, cotton-wool-like undercoat. Head, ears, front side of front and hind legs and the feet are covered by short, thick (velvety) hair. The rest of the body has a long rich coat. Not wavy, curly or corded, not parted on the back. Neck and shoulders are covered by a thick mane. The backside of the front legs is well feathered, the hind legs have ample feathering from croup to hocks. The tail is bushy.

毛質：德國狐狸犬為雙層被毛：上層被毛長、直、豎立，底毛短、厚、棉毛樣。頭、耳、前後腿的前側以及腳均覆蓋有短、厚（天鵝絨般柔軟的）毛髮。軀體其它部分有長且豐富的被毛。不捲曲、成波浪狀或繩狀，不在背上分開。頸和肩覆蓋有粗鬃毛。前腿後側的飾毛良好。後腿上自臀部至飛節被有豐富的飾毛。尾巴如掃把樣。

Colour:

a) Wolfsspitz/Keeshound : Grey shaded.

a)絨毛狼犬/毛獅犬：各種色度的灰色。

b) Giant-Spitz: Black, brown, white.

b)大型狐狸犬：黑色、褐色、白色。

c) Medium size Spitz: Black, brown, white, orange, grey-shaded, other colours.

c)中型狐狸犬：黑色、褐色、白色、橙色、暗灰色、其它顏色。

d) Miniature Spitz: Black, brown, white, orange, grey-shaded, other colours.

d)小型狐狸犬：黑色、褐色、白色、橙色、暗灰色、其它顏色。

e) Toy Spitz/Pomeranian: Black, brown, white, orange, grey-shaded, other colours.

e)玩具狐狸犬/博美犬：黑色、褐色、白色、橙色、暗灰色、其它顏色。

Black Spitz: In the black Spitz, the undercoat and skin must also be black and the colour on top must be a shining black without any white or other markings.

黑色狐狸犬：在黑色狐狸犬中，底毛和皮膚也必須是黑色的，上層的顏色必須是亮黑色，不能有任何白色的或其它顏色的斑塊。

Brown Spitz: The brown Spitz should be uniformly dark brown.

褐色狐狸犬：褐色狐狸犬應該一律為暗褐色。

White Spitz: The coat should be pure white without any trace of yellow in particular, which often occurs, specially on the ears.

白色狐狸犬：其被毛應為純白色，不能有其它顏色，特別是黃色，這種現象通常會出現在耳部。

Orange Spitz: The orange Spitz should be evenly coloured in the medium colour range.

橙色狐狸犬：橙色狐狸犬應均勻地著有中間色範圍內的顏色。

Grey-shaded Spitz Keeshond / Keeshond: Grey-shaded is a silver grey with black hair-tips. Muzzle and ears dark in colour; round the eyes well defined ? spectacles ? shown as a delicately penciled black line slanting from outer corner of eye to lower corner of ear, coupled with distinct markings and shading forming expressive short eyebrow; mane and ring on shoulder lighter; fore- and hindlegs without any black marking under the elbows or stifles, except slight pencilling on the toes; black tip of tail; underside of tail and trousers pale silver grey.

暗灰色的狐狸犬/毛獅犬：暗灰色犬是一種毛尖為黑色的銀灰色犬。其口吻和耳為暗黑色；眼周圍是外形明顯的眼框，自眼角外到眼角下部象是一條用鉛筆描繪出的黑線，以特徵斑和陰影連接，形成富於表現力的短眉毛；肩上的鬃毛和環形飾毛顏色較淡。除過腳趾有鉛筆樣描繪的淡色斑之外，前後腿的肘部或膝關節以下沒有任何黑斑；尾巴和「褲子」下面是淺銀灰色。

Other coloured Spitz: The term ? other colours ? covers all shades of colour, such as : cream, cream-sable, orange-sable, black and tan, and particolour (with white always as main colour). The black, brown, grey or orange patches must be distributed over the whole body.

其它顏色的狐狸犬：術語「其它顏色」包括所有色度的顏色，如奶油色、奶油-灰、橙-灰、鐵包金色，以及雜色（通常以白色為主色）。黑色、褐色、灰色或橙色斑塊必須分布在整個軀體中。

SIZE AND WEIGHT:尺寸和重量

Height at the withers:

a) Wolfspitz/Keeshond 49 cm +/- 6 cm

b) Giant Spitz 46 cm +/- 4 cm

c) Medium size Spitz 34 cm +/- 4 cm

d) Miniature Spitz 26 cm +/- 3 cm

e) Toy Spitz/Pomeranian 20 cm +/- 2 cm

Dogs under 18 cm undesirable.

肩高：

a）絨毛狼犬/毛獅犬：49 厘米 +/- 6厘米

b) 大型狐狸犬：46 厘米 +/- 4厘米

c) 中型狐狸犬：34 厘米 +/- 4厘米

d) 迷你狐狸犬：26 厘米 +/- 3厘米

e) 玩具狐狸犬/博美犬：20 厘米 +/- 2厘米

肩高低於18厘米不理想。

Weight: Each variety of German Spitz should have a weight corresponding to its size.

重量：每一種德國狐狸犬均應擁有與其尺寸協調的重量。

FAULTS:缺陷

Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare of the dog.

任何與上述各點的背離均視為缺陷，其缺陷嚴重性嚴格地與其缺陷的程度及其對犬的健康和福利的影響成比例。

SEVERE FAULTS:嚴重缺陷

Faults in construction.

Head too flat; distinct apple head.

Flesh-coloured nose, eyelids and lips.

In Wolfspitz/Keeshond, Giant Spitz and Medium size Spitz missing teeth.

Faults in movement.

In grey-shaded Spitz missing of distinct markings of the face.

體格缺陷。

頭過平坦；明顯的蘋果頭。

肉色的鼻子、眼瞼和唇。

絨毛狼犬/毛獅犬、大型狐狸犬和中型狐狸犬缺齒。

步態有缺陷。

暗灰色的狐狸犬面部缺少典型特徵。

DISQUALIFYING FAULTS:失格缺陷

Aggressive or overly shy.

Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified.

Gap in fontanel.

Over-or undershot bite.

Ectropion or entropion.

Semi-pricked ears.

Definite white patches in all not white Spitz.

Any colour that has the merle factor.

有攻擊性或過度羞怯。

任何身體或行為上明顯失常的犬應視為失格。

囟門不完全。

上顎突出或下顎突出。

瞼內翻或外翻。

耳朵半立。

除白色狐狸犬外，有明顯的白色斑塊。

任何顏色中有雲石色。

N.B.：

Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fullydescended into the scrotum.

Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with breed typicalconformation, should be used for breeding.

注：

公犬具備兩個明顯正常且完全置於陰囊的睾丸

只有身體機能以及臨床表現健康的，具備典型犬種結構的犬只，才可用於繁殖。

最後修改部分用黑體字顯示。

犬只各部位名稱（FCI標準通用）

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