舍利子是怎麼形成的？市場值多少？《中英交流》宣傳中國文化
舍利子 （佛陀涅盤火化結晶體）
舍利是梵語?arīra的音譯，是印度人死後身體的總稱。在佛教中，僧人死後所遺留的頭髮、骨骼、骨灰等，均稱為舍利；在火化後，所產生的結晶體，則稱為舍利子或堅固子。
舍利的結晶體舍利子，其形成原因，目前在實驗研究方面沒有定論。依據佛典，舍利子是僧人生前因戒定慧的功德熏修而自然感得；大多推測則認為舍利子的形成與骨骼和其他物體共同火化所發生的化學反應有關；另有民間流傳認為，人久離淫慾，精髓充滿，就會有堅固的舍利子。
舍利和舍利子在佛教中受到尊敬和供奉，依據緣起性空的義理，佛教認為，舍利子只是物質元素並無靈異成分，佛教徒尊敬佛的舍利和佛弟子的舍利，主要是由於高僧大德生前的功德慈悲智慧。
舍利子，在佛教中受到重視與尊敬。但是在佛教中，「舍利」和「舍利子」，概念是有所不同的。
死後遺體—舍利
舍利是印度語，梵文?arīra，或譯室利羅、設利羅；義「骨身」、「體」、「遺身「，是印度人死後身體的總稱。但本意卻非如此。舍利最初意思是代表「米粒」，因為佛舍利形似米粒，所以得名。所以舍利最初只是一借代詞語，完全是從其形狀上立名的。
在印度，人死後的遺體，俗例多用火葬，火葬後的骨灰（舍利），藏在金屬的、石質的、陶質的容器中，埋在地下。稍高出地面的即稱為塔，塔是高顯的意思，相當於中國的墳。藏舍利的容器，無論是金屬的石質的，有特殊形式，可以供奉在屋裡，也稱為塔。這種藏舍利的塔，就是中國寶塔的來源。因此，舍利與塔，在印度民族宗教中，成為尊敬的對象。而中國對於祖先的遺體，墳墓便成為尊敬對象。
依於尊敬遺體的道理，高僧大德生前剃下的發、剪下的爪、牙齒、骨灰等，都是舍利，而受到尊敬。所以佛教中，有發舍利、爪舍利、牙舍利 ，及發塔、爪塔、牙塔等。
堅固微粒—舍利子
舍利子，是舍利中的堅固微粒，又名「堅固子」。舍利這一稱謂，至後世脫離了其本意，而是特指佛陀或高僧遺骨火化後結成的珠狀結晶體。高僧大德火化後，常在遺體骨灰（舍利）中發現堅固或結晶的微粒。因此佛教徒，對此舍利中的「堅固子」，特別重視和尊敬，稱為「舍利子」。
佛陀入滅
佛入滅時的情景描繪
佛陀時代的古印度有四種葬法：火葬（荼毗）、水葬、土葬、林葬（棄之森林）。佛把火葬列為諸種葬法之首， 佛門一直延續至今。佛入滅前，囑咐弟子收集舍利並且造立塔廟，使得後人在見到佛塔時能思慕如來的造化。佛入滅後，弟子們依照囑託，架起香木焚化佛陀遺體。荼毗後，佛弟子從灰燼中得佛舍利「八斛四斗」。
根據現存佛舍利和佛典記載，可以得知佛舍利大致有二種：一種是未燒盡的遺骨殘片，如四顆牙（現僅存兩顆）、一截手指骨、兩根鎖骨、部分頭骨及幾根頭髮等；另外一種，是《釋氏要覽》中所記述的如五色珠般光瑩堅固的珠狀舍利子。
形成原因
佛教論釋
南京大報恩寺佛頂骨舍利赴香港供奉
佛經上說，舍利子是通過「六波羅蜜」（菩薩的修行）和「戒定慧」等功德所熏修的，是難得可貴而受到尊重的。 近代印光大師也說，舍利子是修行人由於戒定慧的道力所成的，是心和佛相合的表相，和丹家所說的精氣神沒有關係。
佛教強調舍利子和修行人的修行功德相關，同時依據佛教義理，也肯定了舍利子的「無常」物質性。印順法師認為，舍利子只不過是血肉精髓骨脂火化凝結的，是物質元素而並無靈異成分；佛弟子尊重舍利子，是由於高僧大德的慈悲智慧功德。
原理推測
在實驗研究上，對結晶體舍利子的形成目前沒有定論。大多解釋只是根據現有科學原理來推測。
1.飲食習慣
有認為舍利子的形成是由於僧人長期素食，攝入了大量纖維素和礦物質，經過人體的新陳代謝，極易形成大量的磷酸鹽、碳酸鹽等，最終以結晶體的形式沉積於體內而形成。反對的說法是，世界上有不計其數的素食者，但是並無舍利子出現。
2.人體骨骼殘餘
人體骨骼在燒灼時可能會出現各種形狀的重結晶現象。人體有很多細小骨骼（如指骨、趾骨或耳道內的微小骨骼），少量骨骼經燃燒後因重結晶而產生結晶外觀的「舍利」。這種可能性是存在的。（據台灣某佛教網站信息：1998年他們與台灣中科院合作分析了一位高僧的舍利子，發現主要為人骨的成分。而別的科學研究也側面證明了骨骼說。）此外，牙齒也是死者攜帶的隨葬品。牙齒的成分也包括很多無機鹽，其中牙骨質部分與骨骼成分相似，因此也有人推測牙齒是舍利子的來源。
3.人體結石
有人將舍利子解釋為結石。人體的結石中，膽結石的主要成分是大分子有機物（膽固醇、膽紅素）和少量碳酸鈣；腎結石和膀胱結石的主要成分是鈣鹽（草酸鈣、磷酸鈣）和別的礦物鹽、尿酸等。其中，後者與骨骼的無機成分（含鈣和磷酸根的無機鹽）有相似之處。但是，作為結石主要成分的鈣質和少量金屬鹽沉澱，在高溫下會變成粉末狀氧化物；其次，反對的觀點認為人體內結石數量極少，並且會導致難以忍受的劇烈絞痛，患者不可能長期忍受痛苦而不延醫求治；再者，不少結石症患者死後火化無一例有結晶體存在，況且出舍利子的高僧生前幾乎都是身體健康、安詳自在的長壽老人。
4.隨身物
舍利子的形狀千變萬化，顏色也各不相同；舍利子有的像珍珠，有的像瑪瑙和水晶；有的透明，而有的像鑽石一樣光彩照人，這樣的形態並非自然生成物。而高僧在火化的時候，有的會佩戴有生前的隨身物品，此外還有一些信徒的供奉物，這些伴隨高僧火化的物品中有許多珍貴的寶石，寶石主要組成成分就是二氧化硅。 這些東西都會隨著高僧的遺體一起進入火化爐。 在火化爐的高溫條件下，這些二氧化硅會被溶解，並與人體骨骼中的碳酸鈣發生化學反應，生成類似於骨瓷、琉璃、陶瓷之類的物品，舍利子有可能是以這樣的方式形成的。
5.溫度控制
有說法認為，相對低溫的火化才會形成舍利子，比如古代用木柴做燃料，東南亞國家使用的傳統火化爐則可以產生大量舍利花。專業人士分析過坑面式火化機與爐條式火化機焚化效果的區別，也指出還有存在礦爐渣。而近年來，許多留下舍利子的高僧大德，其實是用現代化的殯儀館用程式控制火化爐焚化的。所以舍利子的形成被認為和火化的溫度控制存在關係。
Shirley (the nirvana cremation crystallizer of the Buddha)
The AR RA is the Sanskrit transliteration, is a general term for the Indians after the death of the body. In Buddhism, the hair, bones, and ashes left behind by the monks are called the Shirley. After the cremation, the crystallized bodies are called the Shirley or the sturdy son.
The reason for the formation of the crystal of Sari is not conclusive in experimental research. According to the Buddhist scriptures, the son is a natural feeling of the monks who have been taught by the virtues of the virtues and wisdom of the Buddhist monks. Most speculates that the formation of the Shirley is related to the chemical reaction of the co cremation of the bones and other objects.
In Buddhism, Shirley and Shirley are respected and served in Buddhism. According to the reason of the origin of the sky, Buddhism believes that there is no material element in the material elements, and the Buddhist respect for the Buddha"s sacrifices and the sacrifice of the Buddha"s disciples, mainly due to the meritorious and merciful wisdom before the great monk Da De Sheng.
The concept of editing Gorge
The Shirley is valued and respected in Buddhism. But in Buddhism, the concept of "Sari" and "Sari" are different.
Postmortem corpse - Shirley
The Buddhist relics are India language, Sanskrit AR, RA, or translation of RORO, Shirley, meaning "bone body", "body" and "leaving body". But this is not the way it is. The first meaning of "Shirley" is "rice grain", because Buddha"s name is like rice grain, so it is named after it. It was originally just a relic of metonymy words is completely from its shape to make a name.
In India, after the death of the body, the common examples are cremated, the ashes after the cremation, hidden in the metal, stone, and pottery containers, buried in the underground. The tower, which is slightly above the ground, is called "tower". The containers of Tibetan relics, whether metallic or stone, have special forms, which can be enshrined in the house, also known as towers. The tower of Tibetan relics is the source of China"s pagoda. Therefore, the Buddhist relics and towers are respected objects in India"s ethnic religions. China is the object of respect for the remains and graves of the ancestors.
According to the principle of respectful body, the hair, claw, teeth, bone ash and so on, which were shaved by the monk Da De Sheng, were respected and respected. So Buddhism, a relic, relic, claw tooth relic, and claw tower, tower, ivory tower etc..
Solid particle - Shirley
Sari is a solid particle in sari, also known as "strong son". The term "Shiri" has been divorced from its original meaning, but refers to the bead crystal formed after the cremation of Buddha or the monk"s remains. The monk in the ashes after cremation, often remains (relic) particles found in solid or crystalline. Therefore, Buddhists pay special attention to and respect for the "strong son" in this sacrifice, and they are called "Sari".
The death of the Buddha
Scene depiction of Buddha"s entry and death
The era of ancient India has four types of burial: cremation (Tu Pi), and Lin Zang (shuizang burial, abandoned forest). The Buddha as the cremation burial first, Buddhism continues today. The Buddha told his death before the collection of relics and build temple tower, so that future generations can see the Buddha stupa in yearning for nature. The Buddha nirvana, the disciples in accordance with the Commission, set up the incense Buddha remains incineration. After the cremation, the disciple of the Buddha from the ashes to the Buddha relics "eight Hu Dou four".
According to the existing Buddhist scriptures and Buddhist scriptures, it is known that there are roughly two species of Buddha: one is a remnants of unburned remains, such as four teeth (two only remaining), one hand, two clavicles, some skull and several hair, and the other, a five colored pearl, which is as solid as a five color pearl. A bead like sarley.
Cause of formation
Buddhism
Nanjing Dabao"en temple worship Buddha"s relics in Hongkong
The Sutra of the Buddhist Sutra is said to be highly valued and respected by the virtues of "six trinitas" (Bodhisattva"s practice) and "precepts of caution". The modern master of printing also said that the Shirley was made by the spiritual force of the practitioner, which was the form of the heart and the Buddha, and had nothing to do with the spirit of God.
Buddhism emphasizes the relic of virtue and virtue of Buddhist sarira and spiritual practitioners. At the same time, according to the theory of Buddhism, it also affirms the "transience" materiality of sari. The master of Indo believed that the Shirley was only the cremation of the flesh and flesh of the flesh and flesh of the flesh and flesh of the flesh. It was a material element and no spiritual element; the Buddha"s disciples respect the Shirley son, which is due to the merciful and wise virtue of the high monk Dade.
Principle speculates
In the experimental research, the formation of crystalline Sari is not conclusive. Most explanations are based on existing scientific principles.
1. eating habits
It is believed that the formation of the Shirley is due to the long-term Vegetarianism of the monks and the intake of a large amount of cellulose and minerals. After the metabolism of the human body, a large number of phosphate and carbonate are easily formed, and finally formed in the form of crystal. The objection is that there are countless vegetarians in the world, but there are no relic.
2. remnants of human skeleton
When human bones burn, there may be various recrystallization phenomena. The human body has many small bones (such as the tiny bones in the phalanges, phalanges or the ear canal), and a small amount of bone produces crystalline appearance by recrystallization after burning. This possibility exists. (according to a Buddhist website in Taiwan: in 1998, they co operated with the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Taiwan to analyze a Buddhist monk"s sari and found that they were mainly human bones. Other scientific researches also prove bone theory. In addition, the teeth are also carrying funerary objects. The composition of the tooth also includes many inorganic salts, of which the cementum part is similar to the bone components. Therefore, some people speculate that the tooth is the source of the sari.
3. human calculi
Some people explain the stone as a stone. The main components of gallstones are macromolecular organic compounds (cholesterol, bilirubin) and a small amount of calcium carbonate. The main components of kidney stones and bladder stones are calcium salt (calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate), other mineral salts, uric acid, etc. Among them, the latter is similar to the inorganic constituents of bones (calcium salts and inorganic salts of phosphate). But as the calcium and a small amount of metal salts precipitated as the main component of the stone, it will become a powder oxide at high temperature; secondly, the objection points out that the number of stones in the human body is very small and causes unbearable severe colic, and the patient can not endure the pain for a long time without delay. After death, cremation is not found in any case. Besides, the high priest of Sari is almost a healthy old man who is healthy and comfortable.
4. carry on
The shapes of the Shirley are varied, and the colors are different; some are like pearls, some like agate and crystal; some are transparent, and some are shining like diamonds, and such forms are not natural products. While the high monks are cremated, some will wear their personal belongings, and in addition to the devotees, there are many precious stones in the cremation of the monks, and the main composition of the gem is silica. These things will enter the cremation furnace along with the remains of the monks. Under the high temperature conditions of the cremation furnace, these silica will be dissolved and react with calcium carbonate in the human skeleton to produce something like bone china, glaze, and ceramics, which may be formed in this way.
5. temperature control
It is said that the cremation of the relatively low temperature can form a Chandle, such as the ancient firewood used as fuel, and the traditional cremation furnace used in Southeast Asia can produce a large number of chore flowers. Professional analysis of distinction between pit surface cremator and grate type incinerator cremation machine effect, also pointed out that there exist ore slag. In recent years, many left a relic of the monks, is the modern funeral parlor with program-controlled cremation furnace for incineration. So the formation of Sari is thought to be related to the temperature control of cremation.
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