西藏獒犬FCI國際純種犬標準

註：該標準中文版翻譯自FCI國際純種犬標準英文版，已發佈於CKU官網-犬種百科

24.06.2015 / EN

FCI-國際純種犬標準第 230 號

DO-KHYI(Tibetan Mastiff）

西藏獒犬

本圖片來自AKC官網

不一定代表該犬種的理想例子

ORIGIN: Tibet (China).

起源：西藏（中國）

Date of acceptance on a definitive basis by the FCI: 8/22/1961

FCI正式認可日期：1961年8月22日

DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE OFFICIAL VALID STANDARD:18.03.2015

正式生效標準發布日期：2015年3月18日

UTILIZATION:A companion, watch and guard dog.

用途：伴侶、看守及護衛犬

FCI-CLASSIFICATION:

Group 2 Pinscher and Schnauzer- Molossoid breeds- Swiss Mountain and Cattle Dogs.

Section 2.2 Molossoid breeds, Mountain type.

Without working trial.

FCI分組：

第二組 賓莎和雪納瑞-獒犬-瑞士山地犬和牧牛犬

第二類 獒犬類

無需工作犬測試

BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY:

The Tibetan Mastiff (Do Khyi) is an ancient working breed of the nomad herders of the Himalaya and a traditional guardian of the Tibetan monasteries. It has been surrounded by great myth since its first discovery in antiquity. From the mentioning by Aristoteles (384-322 b.C.) to the famous writings of Marco Polo, who went to Asia in 1271, all historical reports praise the natural strength and impressiveness of the Tibetan Mastiff- both physically and mentally. Even its bark has been described as a unique and highly treasured feature of the breed. Leading European cynologists of the past, like Martin and Youatt, Megnin, Beckmann, Siber as well as Strebel and Bylandt have intensively covered the Tibetan Mastiff, as they had been fascinated by its origin and function in the Tibetan culture. Some even considered the breed to be the very forefather of all large mountain and mastiff breeds. One of the first known Tibetan Mastiffs to reach Western shores was a male sent to Queen Victoria by Lord Hardinge (then Viceroy of India) in 1847. Later in the 1880s, Edward VII (then Prince of Wales) took two dogs back to England. An early recorded litter of Tibetan Mastiffs was born in 1898 in the Berlin Zoo.

歷史沿革：

西藏獒犬是喜瑪拉雅山的游牧民族的一種古老的工作犬種，也是西藏僧侶常用的護衛犬。自其第一次在古代被發現，便有許多關於它們的神秘故事。從亞里士多德（384-322BC）的記載到著名的馬可波羅遊記——馬可波羅1271年到過亞洲，幾乎所有的歷史記錄都對藏獒在體形和精神方面表現出的自然力量和令人難忘的形象給予讚揚。其吠聲一直被描述成該犬種特有的、非常寶貴的特徵。

歐洲古代著名的犬類學家如馬丁和約阿特、邁格尼、貝克曼、西伯以及斯特位貝爾和百蘭特都曾對藏獒予以重點強調，原因是他們為這種犬的起源和在西藏文化中的作用所吸引。甚至有人認為這種犬是所有大型山地犬和馬斯提夫品種犬的祖先。

第一隻到達西方國家的藏獒，是英國哈丁勛爵（當時的印度總督）於1847年送給英皇維多利來女王的一隻公犬。隨後在19世紀80年代，愛德華七世（當時的威爾士親王）將兩隻藏獒帶回英格蘭。最早記錄的藏獒幼崽於1898年出生在柏林動物園。

GENERAL APPEARANCE:

Powerful, heavy, well built, with good bone. Impressive; of solemn and earnest appearance. Combines majestic strength, robustness and endurance; fit to work in all climate conditions. Slow to mature, only reaching its best at 2-3 years in females and at least 4 years in males.

整體外貌：

有力、沉重、體格強壯、骨骼結實。外觀莊嚴、熱切、動人。是力量、結實和耐力的完美結合；適合於在各類氣候條件下工作。成長慢，達到真正成熟期母犬需要2-3年，公犬則需要4年。

IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS:

Skull measured from occiput to stop equal to muzzle from stop to end of nose but muzzle may be a little shorter.

Body slightly longer than height at withers.

重要比例：

自枕骨到到額段測量出的頭骨長度等於自額段到鼻末端測量出的口吻長度，但是口吻可能會稍短。

體長比肩高略長。

BEHAVIOUR/TEMPERAMENT:

Independent. Protective. Commands respect. Most loyal to his family and territory.

行為/秉性：

獨立。保護性強。服從命令。對自己的主人和領地極為忠誠。

HEAD:頭部

Broad, heavy and strong. In adults a wrinkle may extend from above the eyes down to the corner of mouth.

寬、重且強壯。成犬自眼上部向下到嘴角會有一條褶皺。

CRANIAL REGION:顱部區域

Skull: Large, very slightly rounded, with strongly pronounced occiput.

頭骨：大，稍圓，枕骨非常突出。

Stop:Well defined.

額段：明顯。

FACIAL REGION:面部區域

Nose:Broad, as dark as possible depending on coat colour, well opened nostrils.

鼻：寬，與被毛顏色相協調，顏色儘可能地深，鼻孔開闊。

Muzzle:Fairly broad, well filled and deep. End of muzzle square.

口吻：很寬，飽滿且深。末端成方形。

Lips:Well developed and covering the underjaw.

嘴唇：發育良好，覆蓋住了下頜。

Jaws/Teeth:Jaws strong with perfect, regular and complete scissor bite, i.e. upper incisors closely overlapping the lower incisors and set square to the jaws. Level bite acceptable. Dentition fits tightly.

頜/齒：頜強壯，並成完美、整齊、完全的剪咬合，即上門牙緊叩下門牙並在頜部形成方形。平咬合也可以。牙齒緊密。

Eyes:Medium size, any shade of brown and in accordance with coat colour, the darker the better. Set well apart, oval and slightly slanting. Eyelids tightly fitting the eyeball. Expression of dignity.

眼睛：中等大小，任何色度的褐色皆可，同時要與被毛顏色相一致，越深越好。間距遠，橢圓形，略斜。眼瞼緊貼眼球。表情高貴。

Ears: Medium size, triangular, pendant, set between the level of the skull and the eye, dropping forward and hanging close to head; carried forward when alert. Ear leathers covered with soft, short hair.

耳朵：中等大小，三角形，垂耳，介於眼和頭骨的平面之間，向前下垂，接近頭部；警覺時會向前舉起。耳下垂部分覆蓋有柔軟且短的毛。

NECK:Strong, well muscled, arched. Not too much dewlap. Covered by thick upstanding mane, not so pronounced in bitches.

頸部：強壯，肌肉發達，拱起。喉部的垂肉不多。覆蓋有濃密直立的鬃毛，但母犬不是很明顯。

BODY:軀幹

Strong.

強壯。

Back: Straight, muscular.

背：直，肌肉發達。

Croup: Broad and rather flat.

臀：寬，相當平。

Chest: Rather deep, of moderate breadth, with good spring of rib, to give heart-shaped ribcage. Brisket reaching to below elbows.

胸：較深，寬度適當。肋骨擴張良好，從而形成心形胸腔。胸延伸到肘下。

TAIL:Medium length. Set high on line with top of back, carried high, loosely curled over back, when dog alert or in motion; well feathered.

尾：中等長度，位置高，與背頂在同一條線上，在犬警覺或集中注意力時會高舉、鬆散捲曲過背；飾毛豐富。

LIMBS:四肢

FOREQUARTERS:前軀

General appearance: Straight, well angulated, well covered all over with strong hair.

整體外觀：直，角度自然，覆蓋有豐富的被毛。

Shoulder: Well laid, muscular.

肩：自然傾斜，肌肉發達。

Elbows: Neither turned in nor out.

肘：不外翻也不內翻。

Forearms: Straight. Strong bone.

前臂：直。骨骼結實。

Metacarpus (Pastern): Strong, slightly sloping.

掌骨（系部）：強壯，略斜。

LIMBS:四肢

HINDQUARTERS: 後軀

General appearance:Powerful, muscular, with good angulation. Seen from behind, hindlegs parallel.

整體外觀：有力，肌肉發達，角度佳。自後面看，兩後腿平行。

Upper thigh: Rather long; strong, with good hard muscles, but not bulging.

大腿：較長；強壯，帶有硬實的肌肉，但不鼓起。

Stifle (Knee): Well bent.

後膝關節: 自然彎曲。

Hock: Strong, low set.

飛節：強壯，位置低。

Dewclaws optional.

狼爪可有可無。

FEET: Fairly large, strong, round and compact, with good feathering between well-arched toes.

足：較大，強壯，圓且緊湊，拱起的腳趾間飾毛豐富。

GAIT/MOVEMENT:

Powerful, but always light and elastic: with good reach and drive. When speed increases tends to single track. When walking appears very deliberate. Capable of functioning over a varied terrain with stamina and suppleness.

步態/動態：

有力，但通常輕快有彈性：伸展和驅動良好。加速時會踩直線。走動時會顯示出很謹慎。耐力久、靈活性強，因此能夠在各種地形中工作。

COAT:被毛

Hair:Quality of greater importance than quantity. Coat harsh, thick, top coat not too long, with dense and rather wolly undercoat in cold weather which becomes rather sparse in warmer months. Males carry noticeably more coat than females. Hair fine but harsh, straight and off-standing. Never silky, curly or wavy. Neck and shoulders heavily coated, giving mane-like appearance. Tail bushy and well feathered; hindlegs well feathered on upper rear parts.

毛質：質量比數量更為重要。被毛粗、厚，上層被毛不是很長，冬天有密而捲曲的底毛，但其在熱季會很稀疏。公犬被毛明顯比母犬多。被毛佳，但應硬，直，挺。被毛不成絲狀，不捲曲或成波狀。頸和肩被毛厚，外觀如鬃毛。尾部被毛茂密，飾毛豐富；後腿上部後側飾毛豐富。

Colour:Rich black, with or without tan marking; blue, with or without tan markings; gold, from rich fawn to deep red, sable. All colours to be as pure as possible. Tan ranges from a rich chestnut to a lighter colour. White star on breast permissible. Minimal white markings on feet acceptable. Tan markings appear above eyes, on lower part of legs and underside of tail. Tan markings on muzzle; spectacle markings tolerated around eyes.

毛色: 烏黑，有或者無棕褐色斑點；藍色，有或者無棕褐色斑點；金色，從淺黃褐色至深紅色。所有顏色要儘可能為純色。棕褐色的範圍從栗色到淡色。胸部可以有白點。腳上的白色斑紋要儘可能地小。眼上部、腿較低部位以及尾下側可以有棕褐色斑紋。口吻上可有棕褐色斑紋；眼周圍可以有斑紋。

SIZE:尺寸

Height at the withers:

Dogs : 66 cm (26 ins) minimum,.

Bitches : 61 cm (24 ins) minimum.

肩高：

公犬：不低於66厘米（26英寸），

母犬：不低於61厘米（24英寸）。

FAULTS:缺陷

Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare of the dog.

任何與上述各點的背離均視為缺陷，其缺陷嚴重性嚴格地與其缺陷的程度及其對犬的健康和福利的影響成比例。

SEVERE FAULTS:嚴重缺陷

Lacking physical condition and fitness.

Head light or heavily wrinkled.

Pendulous flews.

Pronounced dewlap.

Large and/or low set ears.

Light eyes or staring expression.

Weak pigmentation, particularly of nose.

Barrelled ribs.

Tightly curled tail over hips.

Over angulated or straight hindquarters.

Heavy constrained movement.

Under minimum height, tolerance 2 cm.

體格結構和健康有所欠缺。

頭太輕或皺紋嚴重。

上嘴唇垂肉明顯。

喉部垂肉明顯。

耳朵大和（或）位置低。

淺色眼睛或目光獃滯。

著色差，特別是鼻鏡。

桶狀胸腔。

尾巴緊卷於臀以上。

後軀角度過大或太直。

運動受限、沉重。

低於最低肩高2厘米以上。

ELIMINATING FAULTS:失格缺陷

Aggressive or overly shy.

Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified.

Undershot or overshot mouth.

All other colours than above mentioned e.g. white, cream, grey, brown (liver), lilac, brindle, particolours.

有攻擊性或過於羞怯。

身體明顯畸形或行為明顯失常均視為失格。

下顎或上顎突出。

除上述提及顏色之外的其它顏色，如白色、乳白色、灰色，褐色（赤褐色）、淡紫色、虎斑色、雜色。

N.B.：

Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fullydescended into the scrotum.

Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with breed typicalconformation, should be used for breeding.

注：

公犬具備兩個明顯正常且完全置於陰囊的睾丸

只有身體機能以及臨床表現健康的，具備典型犬種結構的犬只，才可用於繁殖。

犬只各部位名稱（FCI標準通用）

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