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你支持新興的生物能源行業嗎?Australian made Bio-fuel Anyone?

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前言

最近幾年關於生物燃料的討論一直爭執不下,澳大利亞也不例外。爭議的焦點包括種植糧食作物來生產生物燃料是否符合倫理、生物燃料(比如生物柴油)的燃燒是否真的會保持碳平衡,以及顆粒的排放對人類健康和環境是否會造成不良影響。

副總理Michael McCormack和反對黨的氣候變化和能源影子部長Mark Butler在國會為澳大利亞生物能源組織發布了報告:《從生物燃料到生物製品:澳大利亞的上升行業》。澳大利亞生物能源組織是一個行業協會,有些人也將其視為一個遊說團體。

澳大利亞生物能源組織呼籲政府和利益相關者:

- 加強國家安全,保護澳大利亞的緊急能源儲備

- 促進澳大利亞農業和科學部門的增長

- 為偏遠地區和農村地區創造就業和投資

- 為農民增加收入來源

- 改善燃料質量和汽車性能

- 減少排放,改善健康

- 改善澳大利亞的貿易平衡,減少燃料進口

五點計劃

建設一個強大的生物能源行業會給澳大利亞人帶來巨大的經濟、社會和環境好處。然而如果政府沒有制定明確戰略的話,這些好處將白白溜走。

雖然其他國家都在擁抱生物燃料帶來的好處,但是澳大利亞的增長非常有限。

生物能源目前佔全球能源生產總量的10.4%,預計四年之內世界生物製品市場將會超過1.1萬億澳元。

在全世界,各國政府通過支持和保障原料供應、基礎設施物流、推廣科技、早期投資和改善需求幫助推動該行業增長。

除此之外,政府還制定戰略為投資者和生物經濟的利益相關者提供穩定的政治環境和指導。

雖然澳大利亞和其他國家相比有很多優勢和潛力,但是在政策和項目支持方面,澳大利亞的生物能源行業顯然落後了。

所以澳大利亞生物能源組織和昆士蘭科技大學的研究人員一同呼籲實施一個「五點計劃」,擴大生物燃料在澳大利亞的使用。

研究人員根據國際經驗和證據制定了這個計劃:

制定一個全國生物燃料、生物製品和生物經濟戰略

實施一個全國生物燃料指令,提高燃料質量

提供相關的教育機制、激勵機制和基礎設施

建立高級/混合生物能源、生物化學藥品和生物製品政策框架

通過行業和研究機構的合作,支持商業開發。

昆士蘭科技大學的報告發現,建立一個強大的生物能源政策框架和行業將帶來成千上萬的就業,並給國民經濟增加幾十億的收入,給澳大利亞的農村和偏遠地區帶來巨大的增長。澳大利亞生物能源組織對此表示認可。

生物燃料能夠提供基本的電力供應,增加可再生能源部門的信心。

生物能源的好處

在這個時候,所有的政黨和企業都應該支持生物燃料,利用生物燃料的發展帶來的好處。

昆士蘭科技大學的報告顯示,增加乙醇混合汽油(E10)和生物柴油混合燃料的使用能夠帶來成千上萬的就業,並促進偏遠地區經濟的增長。

澳大利亞還可能會享受更健康的環境和更少的排放,燃料生產和供應還可能會更更加自由。

看到歐盟、美國和南美洲部分國家成功使用生物能源的例子,澳大利亞生物能源組織相信澳大利亞也能有效地實現這些目標。

該報告的作者們總結了他們對生物燃料和生物製品的結論:這是澳大利亞的一個增長行業。他們表示,這應該刺激澳大利亞的政治家和企業採取一個對生物能源更友好的政策框架。

主要的結論包括:

·增加E10乙醇汽油的使用能夠直接創造2080個就業崗位,間接創造6570個就業崗位。

·澳大利亞偏遠地區的年收入將增加11億澳元。

·能源和汽車的性能將得到改善,生物乙醇是增加汽油辛烷值(用於描述汽油性能的指標,辛烷值越高表示抗震爆的能力越好)最清潔的替代品。生物柴油中十六烷的含量更高,燃燒更加清潔。

·如果生物能源的使用佔總能源消耗的10%,那麼每年可以減少890萬噸二氧化碳等價物的溫室氣體排放。

·使用E10乙醇汽油能夠減少26%的尾氣顆粒。這會給公共衛生帶來很多好處,而且能夠降低醫療保健的成本。

·如果將能源消費的10%替換成國內生產的生物乙醇,澳大利亞的貿易逆差每年將減少大約10億澳元。

·在汽油中使用乙醇每年大約能夠減少18%的汽油進口,增加澳大利亞的能源安全和凈收益。

政治家的意願

目前全球的生物能源消費佔總能源消費的10.4%,因此澳大利亞生物能源組織認為,如果政治家有意作出努力的話,E10乙醇汽油的比例增加到10%的目標很容易實現。

重點是,澳大利亞的政治家願意努力嗎?譚寶聯盟政府中支持生物能源的僅佔一半多一點,因此這是一項艱難的任務。雖然最近自由黨入主了南澳州州政府(主要是由於工黨失敗的能源政策讓南澳州的電價成為全澳最高的),也無法保證聯邦政府的生物能源政策會是一個可行的選擇。

你如何看待澳大利亞目前複雜的能源討論?

『原文』

Australian made Bio-fuel Anyone?

There has been a difficult debate about bio-fuel in recent years, in Australia too. The issues range from the ethics of growing food crops to create some bio-fuels to the question if the whole activity is carbon neutral or not and even in terms of bio-diesel for example other aspects such as particulate emissions are reasonable from a health and environmental perspective.

Deputy Prime Minister Michael McCormack & Shadow Minister Mark Butler launched 『Biofuels to bio-products: a growth industry for Australia』 for Bioenergy Australia at Parliament House, Canberra. Bioenergy Australia is an Industry Association, some may also call it a lobby group.

Bioenergy Australia calls on Government and Stakeholders to:

- Enhance national security and contribute to Australia』s emergency fuel reserves

- Grow Australia』s agriculture and science sectors

- Create jobs and investment in regional and rural communities

- Expand income streams for farmers

- Improve fuel quality and vehicle performance

- Reduce emissions and improve health

- Improve Australia』s balance of trade and cut fuel imports

Five Point Plan

The massive economic, social and environmental benefits that can be delivered to Australians through the creation of a strong bioenergy industry could be lost without clear government strategies.

While the rest of the world embraces the positives Bio-fuels bring, Australia has experienced limited growth.

Bio-energy sources now account for over 10.4% of global energy production. In just four years it is expected the world market for bio-products will exceed $1.1 trillion.

Around the world, government policies have helped drive growth through the support and securing of feedstock supply, infrastructure logistics, promoting access to technology, early-stage investment, and improving demand.

Developing strategies to deliver stable political environments and guidance for investors and bio-economy stakeholders have also created success.

While Australia has as many advantages and more potential than most countries, policy and program vacuums have seen the Australian bio-energy industry languish behind.

That』s why Bioenergy Australia have joined Queensland University of Technology (QUT) researchers to call for the implementation of a Five-Point Plan that expands the use of biofuels in Australia.

Researchers used international experience and evidence to create the Plan:

Develop a national bio-fuel, bio-based products and bio-economy strategy

2. Implement a national bio-fuels mandate supporting the introduction of higher quality fuels

3. Provide supporting mechanisms of education, incentives and infrastructure

4. Establish policy frameworks for advanced/drop-in bio-fuels, bio-chemical and bio-based products

5. Support commercial developments through industry and research collaboration.

Bioenergy Australia agrees with the QUT Report that finds a strong bio-energy policy framework and industry will deliver thousands of new jobs and add billions to the national economy, with major growth in rural and regional Australia.

Bio-fuels can deliver baseload power and provide confidence in the renewable energy sector.

Is it time?

It is time for all political parties and business to support bio-fuels and take advantage of the many benefits on offer.

The Report from the Queensland University of Technology (QUT) reveals thousands of jobs and growth to regional economies can be delivered through greater use of ethanol-blended petrol (E10) and biodiesel-blended fuel.

Australia also stands to benefit from a healthier environment and reduced emissions, as well as more independence in fuel production and supply.

Bioenergy Australia is confident this can be done efficiently after witnessing successful implementation of bio-fuels in the European Union, United States and in South America.

The Report authors have outlined their exciting findings in the Bio-fuels to bio-products: a growth industry for Australia』 research paper. They say it should spur Australian politicians and businesses into adopting a friendlier biofuels policy framework.

Some of the major findings include:

? Increased use of E10 could create 2080 direct jobs and another 6570 indirect jobs.

? More than $1.1 billion of additional annual income for regional Australia could be generated.

? The performance of fuels and vehicles will be improved, with bioethanol found to be the cleanest alternative for increasing the octane content of petrol. Similarly, the higher levels of cetane in biodiesel results in a cleaner burning fuel.

? Increasing biofuel use to 10% of total consumption can reduce total greenhouse gas emissions by 8.9 million tonnes of CO2eq per year.

? Using E10 cuts exhaust particulate emissions by 26%. This delivers a range of health benefits for the community and helps reduce healthcare costs.

? Swapping 10% of national fuel consumption for domestically produced bioethanol could improve Australia』s balance of trade by approximately $1 billion annually.

? Using ethanol in petrol could reduce petrol imports by around 18% each year, enhancing Australia』s energy security as well as its bottom line.

Key point!

With current global consumption of all bioenergy at 10.4%, Bioenergy Australia regards an increase of E10 petrol to 10% as being a goal that can be easily attained if the political will exists.

The key point here in Australia, political will? Given the slimmest of majorities obtained, by a Federal Turnbull Coalition Government, it is a hard ask. Although the Liberal party has obtained State Government recently in South Australia, mainly due to a botched energy policy that have made South Australian power prices the most expensive in Australia, there is no guarantee for the Federal Government bio-fuels would be a vote winner.

How do you assess bio-fuels in the complex current energy debate in Australia?

A. Bio-fuels are Winners?

B. Bio-fuels are Losers?

C. No difference?

Please leave an energetic comment, we do care!

作者AuthorRoger Hausmann -Federal Parliamentary Journalist澳洲聯邦記者

本文翻譯Translator:周吉吉Julie

本文編輯Editor:千千Coco

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