技術用一隻手給你帶來巨大的禮物，它會用另一隻手刺你

Technology…is a queer thing; it brings you great gifts with one hand and it stabs you in the back with the other.（技術……是個奇怪的東西；它用一隻手給你帶來巨大的禮物，它會用另一隻手刺你。）

— Charles Percy Snow

4月10日，在美國華盛頓國會山，臉書公司首席執行官馬克·扎克伯格（前）出席聽證會，就用戶數據泄露事件接受國會質詢。 「臉書」上月捲入數據濫用醜聞。一家名為「劍橋分析」的公司被曝以不正當方式獲取8700萬「臉書」用戶數據。這些數據來自英國劍橋大學心理學教授亞歷山大?科根2014年推出的一款向「臉書」用戶提供個性分析測試的應用。下載了該應用之後，「臉書」用戶及用戶好友的居住地和「點贊」內容等信息被收集後轉交給「劍橋分析」公司。外界質疑被泄露信息可能被用來影響2016年美國總統選舉。

臉書的信任危機再次讓世人警覺網路數據安全和用戶隱私泄漏等問題。回顧科技和信息爆炸的近幾十年，技術確實成了一把雙刃劍。在享受技術帶來的便利的同時，我們也深切感受到了技術可能造成的窘迫。尤其作為被網路和智能手機綁架的超鏈接一代，離開網路，離開智能手機，還能自如淡定地享受生活嗎？如果網路發生崩潰，個人數據被黑、被利用，普通人的出路又是如何呢？不妨讀一本相關主題的科技書籍壓壓驚。

今天東方君就搜羅了一些熱門的科技類圖書，推薦給大家。這類書籍也許有些晦澀難懂，不過勝在作者都很會講故事，可以當做科幻小說讀啊，尤其是臉書的故事也有涉及哦。

01

iGen（Z一代）

"為什麼今天的超級互聯孩子成長起來少了叛逆，更寬容，更不開心 —— 並且完全沒有準備好長大成人—— 以及對我們其他人意味著什麼"

點擊封面可購書

導讀

「

「Why Today』sSuper-ConnectedKids Are Growing Up Less Rebellious, More Tolerant, Less Happy--and Completely Unprepared for Adulthood--and What That Means for the Rest of Us」

」

紅色封面上的題記正是本書作者提出的問題，也是本書的看點。本書被《連線》雜誌(Wired)評選為2017年度最佳科技書籍之一。

這本書是對所謂的「iGen」即「Z一代（Generation Z）」的一項調查：這些孩子出生在世紀之交。iGen生於20世紀90年代中期至2000年代中期以後，在智能手機時代度過了整個青春期。隨著社交媒體和簡訊取代其他活動，iGen與朋友度過的時間減少了 ——也許這是他們為什麼會經歷前所未有的焦慮、抑鬱和孤獨。

但是，技術並不是讓iGen與之前的每一代人截然不同的唯一因素; 他們在如何打發時間，以及對宗教、性和政治的態度上也有所不同。他們以全新的方式與人交往，並從生活和事業中尋求不同的東西。與前幾代人相比，他們痴迷於安全，注重寬容，對不平等沒有耐心。iGen的成長速度也比前幾代慢得多：18歲的孩子看起來和15歲的孩子一樣。

隨著這群年輕人成長為成年人，我們都需要了解他們：朋友和家人需要關注他們; 企業必須弄清楚如何招募和銷售給他們; 高校必須知道如何教育和引導他們。iGen的成員在與長輩溝通時也需要了解自己，並向他們解釋自己的觀點。

在該書的出版社官網上有一段推介語：

「

This book is a game-changer. If you want to understand how to parent, teach, recruit, employ, market to, or win the vote of anyone born between 1995-2012, you need to read this book. iGen will change the way you think about the next generation of Americans.

本書改變了遊戲規則。如果你想了解在出生在1995~2012年之間的這群人，如何做他們的父母，如何教育、招聘、聘用他們，如果向他們推銷或者贏得他們的投票，你需要閱讀這本書。本書會改變你對下一代美國人的看法。

– Julianna Miner, Professor of Public Health, George Mason University

」

本書雖然主要以美國年輕人作為調查對象，對於中國讀者，尤其是中國的Z一代來說，仍有很強的借鑒意義。

可讀指數：★★★★★

02

Chaos Monkeys（混亂的猴子）

矽谷的骯髒財富和隨機失敗

點擊封面可購書

導讀

本書作者安東尼奧?加西亞?馬丁內斯(Antonio Garcia Martinez)是Twitter的前任顧問、Facebook的產品經理、高盛(Goldman Sachs)員工、初創公司創始人兼首席執行官。這些資歷讓他聽起來像是典型的科技商業策略的作者，隨時準備傳授一些關於如何在矽谷創業的智慧之寶——如果他們只聽他的建議，科技巨頭們可能會做得更好。

事實上，《混亂的猴子》是科技戰局裡的一幅生動的生活寫照，充斥著瘋狂的奇聞軼事和局外人對一個行業的冷嘲熱諷，而這個行業通常更多的是靠運氣而不是技巧。作者介紹了他在職時的所見所聞和思考，他將身邊某些人戲稱為混亂的猴子，意在指出矽谷是華爾街之後財富和權利的下一個秀場。如果你喜歡看影視劇里的矽谷，同時又想要了解真實的情形，這本書一定要在你的閱讀清單上。

知乎上有網友詢問本書關於facebook的部分：

有看過的網友答：

由於近期facebook泄露用戶數據處於輿論的風口浪尖，本書的這一看點著實吸引了八卦的東方君……尤其是看了該書的封底以後：

「

The reality is, Silicon Valley capitalism is very simple:

Investors are people with more money than time.

Employees are people with more time than money.

Entrepreneurs are the seductive go-between.

Marketing is like sex: only losers pay for it.

現實情況是，矽谷資本主義非常簡單：

投資者是錢比時間多的人。

員工是時間比錢多的人

企業家則是有說服力的中間人

營銷就像性：只有失敗者才會付出代價。

」

附開篇（Introduction）的一段文字：

Introduction

The Facebook building looks like an aquarium（水族館）. The merit of each office depends on approximation to Mark Zuckerberg or Sheryl, his advocate（擁護者）. If you are an important team member, they want you close. That said, you should know the ad team is located in an entirely different building. As the Facebook team meets, smart phones beep and flash. Antonio needs to implement ad initiatives, but Sheryl has already given him advice on what to say. Sheryl sees everything before Zuckerberg, and if ads and marketing ideas aren』t prepared correctly, he gets bored and loses focus. This particular meeting dealt with social plugins to create an interactive Facebook. Instead of simply using Facebook data, they wanted to use all tracking history, using computer data to track interests of Facebook users. Additionally, they wanted to begin retargeting, which caused some controversy. No one really understood how it would all fit together, and no one could predict profits. Eventually, retargeting was approved but the plug-ins were denied.

可讀指數：★★★★★

03

What the Dormouse Said: How the Sixties Counterculture Shaped the Personal Computer Industry（睡鼠說：個人電腦之迷幻往事）

六十年代的反文化如何塑造個人電腦行業?

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導讀

那是一個不羈的年代：一個充滿示威抗議、迷幻藥實驗、反傳統社群和無政府理想主義的時代。二十世紀六十年代，美國社會歷經大幅動蕩起伏，撕裂了五十年代的中產階級安逸表象。從民權運動、迷幻藥、女權問題、生態意識，到反戰運動，再到促成反正統價值以及反主流文化觀念的形成。

那也是一個奔騰的年代：今日你我司空慣見的電腦技術，其原始概念就成形於此。在這不到二十年的時間裡，美國西海岸區區幾平方英里範圍內政治、文化與科技潮流交會時的激蕩與衝擊，催生出一個不平凡的概念——個人電腦，也就是一個人完全掌控一台電腦，並藉由電腦拓展與傳達思維的創見。

彼時年輕的史蒂夫·喬布斯喜歡把自己打扮成嬉皮士。如果你想要了解這種嬉皮士的理想主義和技術創新的融合是怎麼來的，那就看看約翰·馬爾考夫(John Markoff) 的這本精彩著作《睡鼠說》。

書名What the Dormouse Said是1967年搖滾樂隊Jefferson Airplane的歌曲「White Rabbit」結尾處的一行：

「

"Remember what the dormouse said: feed your head."

」

而這句歌詞本身來源於劉易斯·卡羅爾的夢幻小說《愛麗絲夢遊仙境》。

可讀指數：★★★★★

04

Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX,

and the Quest for a Fantastic Future

（埃隆·馬斯克：特斯拉，SpaceX和追求夢幻般的未來）

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導讀

這是Space X和特斯拉創始人兼首席執行官埃隆·馬斯克的精彩傳記。作為現今最富有傳奇色彩的矽谷企業家，馬斯克不斷刷新人們對「創業「二字的認識。

從PayPal，到特斯拉、Space X、Solarcity，他的創業歷程中遭遇了無數棘手的事件，但是每一次突破都令世人驚嘆。無論鍾情於什麼領域，他都可以展現出驚人的專註力。馬斯克已經涉足互聯網、金融、汽車、航空以及能源業。他近乎瘋狂地對科技的專註，使他成為目前最成功的連續創業者和科技創業家。

本書在2015年被英國《金融時報》評為年度最佳商業圖書之一。全書分為10章，分別介紹了Musk的幼年成長、加拿大生活和學習、Zip2和Paypal創業、創立SpaceX公司、Tesla公司傳奇和Solarcity公司的輝煌，是了解馬斯克的最好素材。

可讀指數：★★★★★

05

Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies

（超級智能：路線圖、危險性與應對策略）

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導讀

本書是瑞典哲學家尼克·波斯特羅姆（Nick Bostrom）2014年出版的，可能是今天這幾本書里最有挑戰的一本。它假設，當機器的「大腦」在智力方面超越人類大腦的時候，人類將不再是地球的主宰。聽起來像科幻小說，還有點嚇人。

當機器智能超越了人類智能時會發生什麼？人工智慧會拯救人類還是毀滅人類？波斯特羅姆說，我們不是這個星球上行走速度最快的生物，但我們發明了汽車、火車和飛機。我們雖然不是最強壯的，但我們發明了推土機。我們的牙齒不是最鋒利的，但我們可以發明比任何動物的牙齒更堅硬的刀具。我們之所以能控制地球，是因為我們的大腦比即使最聰明的動物的大腦都要複雜得多。如果機器比人類聰明，那麼我們將不再是這個星球的主宰。當這一切發生的時候，機器的運轉將超越人類。

人類大腦擁有一些其他動物大腦沒有的功能。正是這些獨特的功能使我們的種族得以擁有主導地位。如果機器大腦在一般智能方面超越了人類，那麼這種新興的超級智能可能會極其強大，並且有可能無法控制。正如現在大猩猩的命運更多地掌握在人類手中而不是自己手中一樣，人類未來的命運也可能取決於機器超級智能的行為。

但是，我們有一項優勢：我們有機會率先採取行動。是否有可能建造一個種子人工智慧，創造特定的初始條件，使得智能爆發的結果能夠允許人類的生存？我們如何實現這種可控的引爆？

作者相信，超級智能對我們人類將是一個巨大的威脅。在這本書中，作者談到了超級智能的優勢所帶來的風險，也談到了人類如何解決這種風險。

可讀指數：★★★★★

06

Future Crimes（未來的犯罪）

一切都是連通的，每個人都是脆弱的，我們可以為此做些什麼

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導讀

作為前FBI未來學家和現任網路犯罪顧問、作家馬克·古德曼（Marc Goodman）是技術黑暗面的完美嚮導。這本書涵蓋了我們在當今超連接（hyper-connected）世界所面臨的無數威脅 —— 從針對公司和網上身份盜用的網路攻擊，到攻擊智能設備，以及對大眾的數字監控等相關主題。

本書可讀性極強，充滿了趣聞和花絮。古德曼帶領讀者深入到數字世界，揭露了驚人的犯罪模式。公司甚至國家都在使用針對你的新興技術， 以及如何讓每個人都比以前想像的更加脆弱更容易受到侵害和攻擊。

技術進步已經以不可估量的方式使我們的世界受益，但是有一個不祥的反面：我們的技術可能會反對我們。黑客可以啟動嬰兒監視器來窺探家人，小偷正在分析社交媒體帖子來策劃家庭入侵，而潛行者正在利用智能手機上的GPS追蹤受害者的一舉一動。我們都知道，今天的犯罪分子可以竊取身份，耗盡網上銀行賬戶，並消滅電腦伺服器，但這只是一個開始。這是一個令人清醒的事實，因為我們激進地依賴這些機器，從我們國家的電網到空中交通管制再到金融服務。

然而，正如科技在今天看來無處不在，科學進步的浪潮只會讓我們更多地思考。歡迎來到物聯網，這是一個生動的全球信息網格，每個物體都將在線。但是，更大的聯繫帶來更大的風險。植入式醫療設備（如心臟起搏器）可能會被黑客入侵，從而造成致命的電流衝擊，並且汽車的剎車系統可能會在數英里外被禁用。

基於在執法部門和反恐機構工作過，作者將帶領讀者通過互聯網最黑暗的一段旅程。古德曼提供了一個出路，我們必須採取明確的措施，才能倖存下來。

在文章最後，奉上《未來的犯罪》第一章節選（英文版），供大家閱讀。

CHAPTER 1

Connected, Dependent and Vulnerable

Mat Honan"s life looked pretty good on-screen: in one tab of his browser were pictures of his new baby girl; in another streamed the

tweets from his thousands of Twitter followers. As a reporter for Wired magazine in San Francisco, he was living an urbane and connected life and was as up-to-date on technology as anyone. Still, he had no idea his entire digital world could be erased in just a few keystrokes. Then, one August day, it was. His photographs, e-mails, and much more all fell into the hands of a hacker. Stolen in just minutes by a teenager halfway around the world. Honan was an easy target. We all are.

Honan recalls the afternoon when everything fell apart. He was playing on the floor with his infant daughter when suddenly his iPhone powered down. Perhaps the battery had died. He was expecting an important call, so he plugged the phone into the outlet and rebooted. Rather than the usual start-up screen and apps, he saw a large white Apple logo and a multilingual welcome screen inviting him to set up his new phone. How odd.

Honan wasn"t especially worried: he backed up his iPhone every night. His next step was perfectly obvious—log in to iCloud and restore the phone and its data. Upon logging in to his Apple account, he was informed that his password, the one he was sure was correct, had been deemed wrong by the iCloud gods. Honan, an astute reporter for the world"s preeminent

technology magazine, had yet another trick up his sleeve. He would merely connect the iPhone to his laptop and restore his data from the hard drive on his local computer. What happened next made his heart sink.

As Honan powered up his Mac, he was greeted with a message from Apple"s calendar program advising him his Gmail password was incorrect. Immediately thereafter, the face of his laptop—its beautiful screen— turned ashen gray and quit, as if it had died. The only thing visible on the screen was a prompt: please enter your four-digit password. Honan knew he had never set a password.

Honan ultimately learned that a hacker had gained access to his iCloud account, then used Apple"s handy "find my phone" feature to locate all of the electronic devices in Honan"s world. One by one, they were nuked. The hacker issued the "remote wipe" command, thereby erasing all of the data Honan had spent a lifetime accumulating. The first to fall was his iPhone, then his iPad. Last, but certainly not least, was his MacBook. In an instant, all of his data, including every baby picture he had taken during his daughter"s first year of life, were destroyed. Gone too were the priceless photo- graphic memories of his relatives who had long since died, vanquished into the ether by parties unknown.

Next to be obliterated was Honan"s Google account. In the blink of an eye, the eight years of carefully curated Gmail messages were lost. Work conversations, notes, reminders, and memories wiped away with a click of a mouse. Finally, the hacker turned his intention to his ultimate target: Honan"s Twitter handle, @Mat. Not only was the account taken over, but the attacker used it to send racist and homophobic rants in Honan"s name to his thousands of followers.

In the aftermath of the online onslaught, Honan used his skills as an investigative reporter to piece together what had happened. He phoned Apple tech support in an effort to reclaim his iCloud account. After more than ninety minutes on the phone, Honan learned that "he" had just called thirty minutes prior to request his password be reset. As it turns out, the only information anybody needed to change Honan"s password was his billing address and the last four digits of his credit card number. Honan"s address was readily available on the Who is Internet domain record he had created when he built his personal Web site. Even if it hadn"t been, dozens of online services such as WhitePages.com and Spokeo would have provided it for free.

To ascertain the last four digits of Honan"s credit card, the hacker guessed that Honan (like most of us) had an account on Amazon.com. He was correct. Armed with Honan"s full name and his e-mail and mailing addresses, the culprit contacted Amazon and successfully manipulated a customer service rep so as to gain access to the required last four credit card digits. Those simple steps and nothing more turned Honan"s life upside down. Although it didn"t happen in this case, the hacker could have just as easily used the very same information to access and pilfer Honan"s online bank and brokerage accounts.

The teenager who eventually came forward to take credit for the attack—Phobia, as he was known in hacking circles—claimed he was out to expose the vast security vulnerabilities of the Internet services we"ve come to rely on every day. Point made. Honan created a new Twitter account to communicate with his attacker. Phobia, using the @Mat account, agreed to follow Honan"s new account, and now the two could direct message each other. Honan asked Phobia the single question that was burning on his mind: Why? Why would you do this to me? As it turns out, the near decade of lost data and memories was merely collateral damage.

可讀指數：★★★★★

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