中國茶Q＆A on Chinese Tea之 烏龍茶有哪些代表名茶？

本期中國茶問答是關於烏龍茶。

Hi ,here is another one of the Q&As on Chinese Tea——

問：烏龍茶有哪些代表名茶？

Q:What are the famous representatives of oolong tea?

答：烏龍茶亦稱「青茶」，是部分發酵茶。

烏龍茶經曬青、晾青、搖青、揉捻、烘焙製成，其中許多工序要經過多次反覆。烏龍茶的發酵度由8%到85%不等，顯著特點是其多樣而迷人的香氣。業界多認為烏龍茶產生於十六世紀的明朝。

代表名茶有武夷岩茶（大紅袍）、安溪鐵觀音、鳳凰單叢等。

Oolong, also known as 「Qing cha" ，issemi- fermented tea. The manufacture of oolong tea involves repeating stages of sunning, withering, rolling, shaping, and baking to achieve the desired amount of browning leaves with thevarious and tempting fragrance. The degree of oxidation can range from 8% to 85%, depending on the variety and production style.

Oolong tea is also called Qing tea. Qing means dark green. Oo means black,long means dragon. It is widely accepted by Chinese scholars that the tea emerged in Ming dynasty （16th Century A.D.）.

The famous representatives of oolong tea areWuyi Yancha (Dahongpao), Anxi Tieguanyin, FenghuangDancong.

我喜歡的茶屬於其中哪一類？

我適合喝哪類茶？

更多問題請繼續關注中國茶問答，也歡迎留言寫下你想問的問題。

THEN which category does my favourite tea belonged in?

Which would be the best tea for me ?

Please stay tuned to this column.if you have any questions please do not hesitate to leave me a message.

烏龍稱之為烏龍的幾個版本

Popular explanations on why Oolong Tea isknown as the Black Dragon tea.

版本1 啊啊啊啊有龍啊

傳說之一是從前一位茶農去查看自己的茶園時看到一條黑龍趴在那裡，他魂飛膽喪地跑了好幾天沒敢回去，再回去時發現之前採下的茶青已經不再翠綠，因發酵而變色了，但是香氣四溢，他把這些茶青做成茶，得名烏龍茶。

Oolong Tea History Version 1: Draaaaaaaagon！

A legend says when an owner of a tea garden went to see his tea which are dried under the sun, he found a black dragon lying there, he was scared away, and it took him days to be able to come back, during these days, the tea leaves oxidized under the sun, are no longer green but rather black. However, the flavor is extraordinary. From then on, the tea is called oolong tea.

版本2 黑臉大漢說

傳說之二是從前有一位獵戶皮膚黝黑，外號烏龍，有一天他背著一些茶青去打獵，由於時間太久，再加上他追逐野獸時奔跑顛簸，口袋裡的茶青發酵了，反而香氣濃郁，後來人們以他來命名了烏龍茶。

Oolong Tea History Version 2：a hunter called Dragon

Another popular variation of "Anxi" theory is about a hunter called Dragon. He was dark-skinned and was nicknamed Black Dragon. When he was hunting one day, he left tea to ferment in his bag for too long and his running after a beast bruised the leaves and caused them to oxidize. The tea was found to be very fragrant. People decided to name it after him as remembrance for his accidental discovery.

版本3 稀里糊塗說

我們知道體育比賽中的「烏龍」是失誤打進自家球門的意思。

關於烏龍茶由來的另一個傳說是古時候茶農上山採茶後，把茶青放在背後竹簍里，下山的道路崎嶇，茶青隨之產生碰撞，散發出發酵的香氣，細心的茶農們把這種現象用於茶葉加工，形成了烏龍茶的搖青工藝，烏龍的意思是「稀里糊塗」，一是當時對於發酵的原理並不甚明了，二是形容茶青被搖來晃去（迷迷糊糊）的狀態。

Oolong Tea History Version 3："Muddleheaded"

We know that the 「own goal" in sports matches is a mistake to enter our own goal.

Another legend about the origin of Oolong tea is that in ancient times, tea farmers put tea in the the bamboo basket after picking it up. The road going down the mountain was rough and the tea was partly fermented with fragrance because of the collision among tea leaves. The attentive tea farmers used this finding to process the tea and invented the rolling process. 「Oolong" means "Muddleheaded" because of two following reasons: Firstly, the principle of fermentation was not very clear. Secondly, the term is to describe the state of tea leaves being swayed.

版本4 北苑貢茶說

北苑是閩北的茶園，起源於五代十國時期，極盛於宋，北苑茶作為歷代皇家的貢茶，尤其宋代製造「龍團鳳餅」，名噪一時，直到明朝罷造龍團改制散茶，香味濃郁，色澤偏黑，因此得名烏龍茶。

Oolong Tea History Version 4：the "tribute tea" theory

According to the "tribute tea" theory, oolong tea was invented at around 10th century in Northern Song dynasty.

The Song emperors were renowned for their many artistic pursuits, including tea drinking, often at the expense of governance.

They set up the imperial tea garden of Beiyuan in Northern Fujian Province. The tea garden has an important social status in Chinese tea history - it existed for as long as 458 years.

The Beiyuan tribute tea consists of two families of tea: the Dragon and Phoenix. The tea garden was famous in producing the Dragon-Phoenix Tea Cake (Longfong Tuancha).

Tea cake went out of fashion in Ming dynasty as the emperors turned towards loose tea so Beiyuan switched direction in production. Their loose tea was glossy and dark with strong fragrance - it was called Black Dragon tea.

參考資料：

《中國茶葉大辭典》 陳宗懋主編 中國輕工業出版社

《中國茶經》 陳宗懋 主編 上海文化出版社

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oolong

鳴謝 為我校對英文部分的Shelley !

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