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喜歡「小哥哥」討厭「大姐姐「...這樣的寶寶該拿他怎麼辦?

問題1

兒子兩歲了,感覺有些喜男厭女。家裡的叔叔,舅舅,甚至是男性陌生人也好,一說「抱抱」他就給抱了, 但是女的除了讓他媽媽和奶奶抱,像外婆、姑姑、表姐之類的,怎麼哄他都不肯給她們抱,而且像很怕似的還哭鬧,這可怎麼辦呀?

Michael K. Meyerhoff:At this age your child is starting to develop a strong sense of self, and that includes a gender identity. Consequently, he will prefer the company of those with whom he identifies, that is, males. As he becomes comfortable in his identity over the next few months, he will once again be comfortable with males and females. In the meantime, do not push him to engage in interactions with which he is not comfortable, as that will only make things worse.

麥耶霍夫博士:到了這個年紀,孩子開始具有一種強烈的自我意識,這其中也包括性別認知。因此,他會更喜歡與他認為是同類的人在一起,也就是——男性,這樣感覺更有安全感。等他過幾個月適應了自己的身份,便又會自在地與男性和女性在一起了。與此之前,可以帶孩子進行一些戶外活動多多接觸人,但不要強迫他進行一些讓他不適的交往,這樣只會讓事情更糟。

問題2

我的寶寶15個月了。我脾氣不太好,有時她一淘氣我就發火吼她。我知道這樣不好,可是控制不了。小傢伙可能也受了影響,一不高興就偷偷的給我白眼,有時叫她做什麼,只要我聲音稍一高她就故意跟我做對,也對著我大叫,或是自顧自地玩不搭理我,這種情況應該如何改善?

Michael K. Meyerhoff: Your child has entered a phase called 「negativism.」 She has discovered that she has personal power and can use it to influence the behavior of other people. She is psychologically compelled to test the limits of her power and usually will do so by ignoring or defying the requests and instructions of her parents. This is normal, so do not take it personally and do not get angry. Whenever possible, give her choices instead of issuing commands (for instance, instead of 「put on your shirt」 say 「do you want to put on your shirt or your pants first?」) so she can exercise power without having to oppose you. And if not possible and you need her to do something or to stop doing something, calmly and gently enforce your authority so she will learn although she is respected, she is not the boss.

麥耶霍夫博士:你的孩子進入了逆反期。她發現,自己所具備的能力可以用來影響其他人的表現。心理方面的原因迫使她去測試這一能力的極限,因此她時常忽視父母或拒絕父母的要求及指示,以此來測試這一能力。這種情況很正常,不要認為這是個例,也不要生氣。你要儘可能地,給她做選擇的機會而非直接下指令(例如,不要說「穿上你的衣服」,而是問她「你想先穿上衣還是褲子?」)。這樣,她便可以既使用自己的能力,又無需與你作對。如果無法給她選擇,也請以一種平和的方式告訴她——你需要她做或不做什麼,以此建立威信。這樣,她就會了解,雖然自己並不是事情的主導,但依然被人尊重。

問題3

兒子三歲了,小時候很聽話,見到親朋好友知道問好,現在是越來越不聽話,見到誰都不搭理人家,讓他說話就是不說,有時還「呸」人家,真的不知道該怎麼辦才好?

Michael K. Meyerhoff:Your child has entered a new stage of cognitive development and is temporarily preoccupied with the interesting thought processes now available to him. As a result, his social interests may be minimal for a while. Be patient. Do not criticize him when he ignores people, praise him when he does respond to them, and you probably will see improvement in his behavior soon.

麥耶霍夫博士:你的孩子進入了一個認知發展的新階段,他暫時會完全沉迷於一些有趣的思維過程當中。因此,對於社交的興趣會暫時降到最低。你要有耐心,不要在他忽略別人時過多批評他,而是在他正確回應別人時表揚他、鼓勵他。這樣一來,你很快就會看到他的進步。

問題4

男寶3歲了,特愛扔東西,有時是他不高興不喜歡了,或是玩某個玩具時間長了煩了就開始扔,但有時本來跟我們說得好好的,看他也挺開心的,突然就把手裡的東西扔出去,甚至有些大的東西,如小汽車之類的他也扔,說他也不管用,請問這種情況應該怎麼辦?

Michael K. Meyerhoff: You cannot rely on verbal admonitions with a 3-year-old. Whenever he throws something or misbehaves in any way, back up your statements with physical action. If he throws a toy that he likes, take it away and do not give it to him the next time he asks for it. Make him wait at least another day before he gets it back. And if he is just throwing things or otherwise misbehaving, give him a 「time out.」 Have him sit in a chair with nothing to do for three or four minutes, and if he won』t sit still, enforce the 「time out」 by holding him in a firm hug. Do not speak to him, ignore his protests, and keep holding him until the squirming stops. If you are consistent and persistent in this regard, you will soon see an improvement in his behavior.

麥耶霍夫博士:對於3歲的孩子,你不能單單只靠口頭警告。每當他亂丟東西或是做錯事時,你要用實際行動來證實你的警告。如果他扔了他喜歡的玩具,就把玩具拿走,哪怕他下回問你要也別給他。至少過上幾天,再把玩具還給他。並且在他丟東西或做錯事時,給他一個冷靜時間。讓他單坐在椅子上3、4分鐘,如果他不肯坐定的話,抱緊他讓他冷靜下來,強迫他冷靜。你不要跟他說話,也不要理會他的抗議,等到他不再反抗再鬆手。如果堅持這樣做的話,你很快就能看到他的表現有所改觀。

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邁克爾.麥耶霍夫(Michael K. Meyerhoff)

哈佛大學人類發展學博士,著名的Harvard PreschoolProject (哈佛早期教育項目)主要成員,悅寶園首席顧問。麥耶霍夫博士發表過多部學術著作,其專業觀點被《時代周刊》、《紐約時報》、《華爾街日報》等著名期刊廣泛引用。麥耶霍夫博士在早教領域已擁有近五十年的研究經驗,其研究成果為全球早期教育的研究奠定了基石。

請輸入標題 abcdefg

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