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黑龍江有哪些方言特色 黑龍江方言特點 黑龍江地方言介紹

一.黑龍江方言歷史沿革

黑龍江方言可以有兩種理解,廣義的看法認為應指黑龍江省內所有居民使用的方言,本文取狹義的理解,即認為黑龍江方言特指黑龍江省內漢族人所使用的方言。本文主要從黑龍江方言的辭彙特點來展開討論。

Techno is a form of electronic dance music that emerged in Detroit, Michigan, in the United States during the mid-to-late 1980s.[2][3][4][5] The first recorded u

黑龍江方言辭彙中借詞豐富,這是黑龍江方言辭彙中非常顯著的特點。這一特點主要是由以下兩個原因造成的:第一,黑龍江省地處東北邊陲,遠離中原腹地,千年來這片土地一直是各少數民族聚居地。幾百年來,漢族與各少數民族雜居,語言接觸頻繁,這就賦予了黑龍江方言辭彙一個顯著的特點,即有大量的少數民族語言借詞。第二,黑龍江省毗鄰俄羅斯,兩國之間文化經濟往來頻繁,因此,作為兩種文化交融碰撞的結果,黑龍江方言中保存著很多俄語借詞。

se of the word techno in reference to a specific genre of music was in 1988.[6][7] Many styles of techno now exist, but Detroit techno is seen as the foundation upon which a number of subgenres have been built.[8]

黑龍江省在地域上遠離中原腹地,長期以來都是少數民族的聚居地,在千年的歲月里,這片黑土一直撫育著滿族、鄂溫克族、赫哲族、鄂倫春族以及蒙古族等少數民族,這些狩獵民族都有著自己獨特的民族語言。明清之後,漢族人大量由關內遷往關外,逐漸成為黑龍江省人口的主流。漢族先進的文化、經濟水平以及政府對漢語「官話」地位的確定,使得漢語在很短的時間內就戰勝了各民族的語言而成為黑龍江省的通用語言。新中國成立以來,國家的語言政策更使得普通話的使用範圍日益擴大,少數民族的孩子在學校也以普通話為主要學習語言。在語言的接觸過程中,一方面,漢語戰勝各少數民族語言成為黑龍江省各民族之間的通用語,在有些民族內甚至實現了語言替換,成為少數民族的第一語言,我們不得不承認,在各民族聯繫空前加強的今天,我們的少數民族語言文化在消逝,人口在減少,很多沒有文字的語言已經成為歷史的絕響。另一方面,在各少數民族和漢語的文化交往中,或多或少地也在漢語中留下了自己的印記,成為黑龍江方言辭彙中獨特的一部分。

黑龍江方言辭彙中有大量的來自少數民族語言的借詞,滿語借詞尤多。滿語借詞中,占絕大多數的是地名。黑龍江絕大多數的地名都是由滿語地名音譯得來的。例如巴彥,原名為「巴彥蘇蘇」,「蘇蘇」在滿語中是高粱的意思,「巴彥蘇蘇」意為「富裕之鄉」;這樣的地名還有「佳木斯、伊春、嫩江、加格達奇、同江」等,這些地名中都蘊含著濃厚的游牧民族文化色彩,不過隨著滿語的逐漸消失,這些地名現在已經很難探究其本義了。

In Detroit, techno resulted from the melding of African American music including Chicago house, funk, electro, and electric jazz with electronic music b

除了地名,滿語借詞還滲入到漢族人的日常生活中,有些甚至成為常用詞,在很多時候,人們很難分辨出普通詞語和滿語借詞,這是兩種文化深入接觸的結果。黑龍江方言辭彙中有一些生動的形容詞也是來自滿語借詞。例如黑龍江人在形容人經濟困難時常說「窮得叮噹響」,這裡面的「響」是漢語使用者說話時習慣性的加詞,實際上「叮噹」一詞在滿族中的意思就是很窮。相似的例子還有「特勒」,意為「邋遢」;「馬哈」意為「糊塗」等。黑龍江方言辭彙中有的事物的名稱也來自於滿語。例如《紅樓夢》中寫怡紅院的丫鬟在炕上抓東西玩,這個遊戲玩的玩具在黑龍江叫「嘎拉哈」,「嘎拉哈」一詞也是來源於滿語,最開始說的是羊腿上的關節

y artists such as Kraftwerk, Giorgio Moroder, and Yellow Magic Orchestra.[9] Added to this is the influence of futuristic and fictional themes[10] relevant to

骨,後來泛指一切動物的關節,類似的還有「沙琪瑪」「胳肢窩」等。黑龍江方言辭彙中也不乏來自滿語的動詞。例如黑龍江方言辭彙中有「嘞嘞」一詞,使用時多含有貶義,就是滿語中「說」的音譯。類似的還有「埋汰」意為「貶低、污衊」等。除了滿族,其他少數民族也都或多或少地在黑龍江方言中留下自己的印記,這些詞語極大地豐富了黑龍江方言的辭彙系統,成為黑龍江方言的一種獨特的個性特點。

另一方面,黑龍江省位於中國疆域的最北端,黑龍江省東、北兩面與俄羅斯接壤,在長期的社會接觸中,兩國的語言也發生了密切的接觸,漢語從俄語中吸收了大量的借詞。在今天的黑龍江方言中,我們可以清楚地看到這種痕迹。不過這種語言接觸的程度並沒有很深,只是停留在辭彙的借用上,並未進入語言結構層面,借詞在類別上也是名詞佔大部分。

life in American late capitalist society, with Alvin Toffler"s book The Third Wave being a notable point of reference.[11][12] Pioneering producer Juan Atkins cites Toffler"s phrase "techno rebels" as inspiring him to use the word techno to describe the musical style he helped to create. This unique blend of influences aligns techno with the aesthetic referred to as afrofuturism. To producers such as Derrick May, the transference of spirit from the body to the machine is often a central preoccupation; essentially an expression of technological spirituality.[13][14] In this manner: "techno dance music defeats what Adorno saw as the alienating effect of mechanisation on the modern consciousness".[15]

這一時期黑龍江方言中的俄語借詞主要是名詞類的,名詞類包括人物名稱、事物名稱等,如當時哈爾濱地區稱官員為「戈比旦」,稱豬為「丘斯卡」,稱裙子為「布拉吉」,稱市場為「八雜市兒」等等。最有意思的還有,在黑龍江方言中經常用「笆籬子」代指監獄、看守所,其實這個詞也是來自於俄語,屬於音譯兼意譯的翻譯方法。「笆籬」的音在俄語中是監獄的意思,但這兩個漢字在漢語中也可以理解為圈禁,這樣看來,這一詞算得上是借詞與民族語的完美結合了,以致很多人不能理解為什麼這個詞算是借詞。俄語的借詞還有很多,如騷達子意為「士兵」、老伯代意為「苦力」、瑪達姆意為「夫人」、傑烏什卡意為「姑娘」、杜拉克意為「傻瓜」、谷癟子意為「商人」等。除了名詞,黑龍江方言的其他詞類中也有一些俄語借詞,如作副詞的:涅肚意為「沒有」;作動詞的:拔腳母意為「走吧, 該上路了」;作問候語的:德拉斯意為「您好」;作形容詞的:哈拉哨意為「你好或好」,普羅哈為「不好」等等。豐富的借詞是兩個不同語言的民族深入密切交往的印證。

總而言之,黑龍江方言中的少數民族借詞和俄語借詞是其重要的特點,這一特點體現著各民族的相互交融,有著獨特的地域風情。但是現在,這種特點在逐漸消失,在漢語普通話日益推廣的今天,方言到底要不要保留的問題也是學界幾十年來討論的熱門話題。沒有人會希望自己家鄉的方言特色消失,在不影響整個社會的正常交際的情況下,我們還是要呼籲保護方言特色,保護我們自己家鄉的語言文化。

Stylistically, techno is generally repetitive instrumental music, often produced for use in a continuous DJ set. The central rhythmic component is most often in common time (4/4), where time is marked with a bass drum on each quarter note pulse, a backbeat played by snare or clap on the second and fourth pulses of the bar, and an open hi-hat sounding every second eighth note. The tem

二.黑龍江地方言盤點

嘎哈?-—幹啥? ;希古惱能——泥濘 ;老太太尿罐——挨泚沒夠兒 ;小孩拉屎——抓了 ;葉和?--形容很驚訝的感覺 ;艾還—表示對別人問話的肯定回答 ;揣咕—折磨 ;土豆燉酸菜——硬挺 ;麥糠加酒糟——可勁造 ;吶——形容人比較厲害或者人品不好 ;小雞吃黃豆——踉蹌 ;豆腐掉灰堆——吹不得打不得 ;灶坑打井,房笆開門——不善交際 ;大姑娘上轎——頭一回 ;屎堵腚眼子——形容事情已經發展到非常緊急的地步 ;新媳婦放屁——零揪(因為比較害羞所以把屁一點一點的放出來) ;老闆子蓋鞭梢——暖和一條是一條 ;些恨巴查地——形容喜歡得不得了 ;土豆搬家—滾球子;逮個屁嚼不爛——形容人翻來覆去的講一件事情 ;糊了八屈——形容物品被烤糊了,或者形容事情比較糟糕 ;憋了八屈——形容人心情比較委屈 二逼呵呵—形容人比較傻,傻裡傻氣的;彪——傻。例:瞅你那彪樣!;唬——傻。例:你唬啥呀?喝這麼多酒。

po tends to vary between approximately 120 to 150 beats per minute (bpm), depending on the style of techno. The creative use of music production technology, such as drum machines, synthesizers, and digital audio workstations, is viewed as an important aspect of the music"s aesthetic. Many producers use retro electronic musical devices to create what they consider to be an authentic techno sound. Drum machines from the 1980s such as Roland"s TR-808 and TR-909 are highly prized, and software emulations of such retro technology are popular among techno producers.

Music journalists and fans of techno are generally selective in their use of the term; so a clear distinction can be made between sometimes related but often qualitatively different styles, such as tech house and trance.

;瞅——看。例:瞅啥?;得——舒服;滿意。例:這個沙發坐著真得!;哈——什麼。例:干哈這是?;烀——燉。例:烀點肉;坑——床。例:上坑;屁——厲害。例:整屁了,餓屁了;忒——太。例:你這屋,機密事忒多!;切——客人。例:家裡來切了,去買點菜兒。;啥——什麼。例:啥玩意兒?;使——用。例:好

po tends to vary between approximately 120 to 150 beats per minute (bpm), depending on the style of techno. The creative use of music production technology, such as drum machines, synthesizers, and digital audio workstations, is viewed as an important aspect of the music"s aesthetic. Many producers use retro electronic musical devices to create what they consider to be an authentic techno sound. Drum machines from the 1980s such as Roland"s TR-808 and TR-909 are highly prized, and software emulations of such retro technology are popular among techno producers.

Music journalists and fans of techno are generally selective in their use of the term; so a clear distinction can be made between sometimes related but often qualitatively different styles, such as tech house and trance.

使不?;聽——--打。例:你找聽,是不是?;削——原意修理,引申為揍。例:削死你;熊——孬。例:瞅你那熊樣。;咋——怎麼。例:愛咋咋地;賊------很。例:這天,賊冷!;整——做。例:咋整?;拽——扔,拋。例:他把球拽出老遠。;把喇----旁邊。例:上把喇去!哪都有你!;白乎——廢話,瞎說。例:別跟俺白乎,沒用。;掰車----瞎說。例:你在那瞎掰車啥呢?;出溜——滑。例:腳下一出

po tends to vary between approximately 120 to 150 beats per minute (bpm), depending on the style of techno. The creative use of music production technology, such as drum machines, synthesizers, and digital audio workstations, is viewed as an important aspect of the music"s aesthetic. Many producers use retro electronic musical devices to create what they consider to be an authentic techno sound. Drum machines from the 1980s such as Roland"s TR-808 and TR-909 are highly prized, and software emulations of such retro technology are popular among techno producers.

Music journalists and fans of techno are generally selective in their use of the term; so a clear distinction can be made between sometimes related but often qualitatively different styles, such as tech house and trance.

溜;當害——礙手礙腳佔地。例:把這當害給俺拿開。;叨咕——絮叨。例:她邊走叨咕。;叨騰——折騰。例:沒事閑的!叨騰啥?;得瑟——臭顯。例:得瑟啥玩意兒?;嗯哪——是。例:嗯哪,俺明白。;嘎達——地方。例:上哪嘎達去?;革勒——貝殼。例:手裂了,抹點兒革勒油。;嘎嘎——特別。例:這衣裳嘎嘎新。;各應——討厭。例:你真著人各應!;好賴——好壞。例:好賴開銷不大;忽悠——灌迷魂湯;吹牛。例:別忽悠俺。;饑荒——債務。例:欠了一屁股饑荒。;激眼——怒,生氣。例:動不動就激眼。;嘰咯——吵架。例:他們兩口子總嘰咯。;夾咕——小氣,不爽快。例:讓你喝你就喝,怎麼這麼夾咕?;砢磣—

po tends to vary between approximately 120 to 150 beats per minute (bpm), depending on the style of techno. The creative use of music production technology, such as drum machines, synthesizers, and digital audio workstations, is viewed as an important aspect of the music"s aesthetic. Many producers use retro electronic musical devices to create what they consider to be an authentic techno sound. Drum machines from the 1980s such as Roland"s TR-808 and TR-909 are highly prized, and software emulations of such retro technology are popular among techno producers.

Music journalists and fans of techno are generally selective in their use of the term; so a clear distinction can be made between sometimes related but often qualitatively different styles, such as tech house and trance.

—寒磣。例:這不砢磣人嗎?;喇臘——漏。例:苞米都喇臘沒了。;嘮嗑——聊天。例:來,咱爺倆嘮嘮嗑。;勒得——窩囊,不利索。例:瞅瞅你這衣服,穿地真勒得。;勒勒

po tends to vary between approximately 120 to 150 beats per minute (bpm), depending on the style of techno. The creative use of music production technology, such as drum machines, synthesizers, and digital audio workstations, is viewed as an important aspect of the music"s aesthetic. Many producers use retro electronic musical devices to create what they consider to be an authentic techno sound. Drum machines from the 1980s such as Roland"s TR-808 and TR-909 are highly prized, and software emulations of such retro technology are popular among techno producers.

Music journalists and fans of techno are generally selective in their use of the term; so a clear distinction can be made between sometimes related but often qualitatively different styles, such as tech house and trance.

——陳述;說。例:這人真能勒勒。;磨嘰——慢而羅嗦。例:這人說話真磨嘰。


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