臘腸犬FCI國際純種犬標準

註：該標準中文版翻譯自FCI國際純種犬標準英文版，已發佈於CKU新官網-犬種百科

13.07.2001 / EN

FCI-國際純種犬標準第 148 號

DACHSHUND

臘腸犬

本圖並不一定代表該犬種的理想例子

ORIGIN: Germany.

起源：德國

Date of acceptance on a definitive basis by the FCI:1/1/1955

FCI正式認可日期：1995年1月1日

DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE OFFICIAL VALID STANDARD:13.03.2001.

正式生效標準發布日期：2001年3月13日

UTILIZATION:Hunting dog above and below ground.

用途：地上地下用獵犬。

FCI-CLASSIFICATION:

Group 4Dachshunds.

With working trial.

FCI分組：

第4組：臘腸犬

有工作犬測試

BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY:

The Dachshund, also called Dackel or Teckel, has been known since the Middle Ages. From the ? Bracken ?, dogs were constantly bred which were specially suitable for hunting below ground. From these short legged dogs, the Dachshund evolved and was recognised as one of the most versatile and useful breeds of hunting dogs. He also has excellent achievements above ground, hunting while giving tongue, searching and tracking wounded game. The oldest Club devoted to the breeding of Dachshunds is the ? Deutsche Teckelklub ? e.V., founded in 1888.

For decades the Dachshund has been bred in three sizes (Teckel, Miniature Teckel and Rabbit Teckel) and in three different kinds of coat (Smooth-haired, Wire-haired and Long-haired).

歷史沿革：

臘腸犬，也被稱作 Dackel 或 Teckel，這一犬種自中世紀以來就很有名。根據「Bracken (狩獵)」記載，經過不斷繁殖後的犬只特別適於在地下狩獵。經由這些短腿的犬只，臘腸犬得以進化，並被認可為用途最多，最有用的獵犬種。這一犬種同樣具有卓越的地面上獵捕能力，在尋找獵物的同時，能夠大聲吠叫，搜索、追蹤受傷的獵物。1888 年成立的名為「德國 Teckel 俱樂部」最早致力於臘腸犬的繁育。

幾十年來，臘腸犬繁育出三種類型（臘腸犬, 迷你臘腸犬，以及兔形臘腸犬），這些臘腸犬有三種不同的被毛（平毛，剛毛以及長毛）。

GENERAL APPEARANCE:

Low, short legged, elongated but compact build, very muscular with cheeky, challenging head carriage and alert facial expression. His general appearance is typical of his sex. In spite of his legs being short in relation to the long body, he is very mobile and lithe.

整體外貌：

身體離地低，腿短，長，但結構緊湊，面頰厚，肌肉強健，頭部高昂，面部表情警惕性高。性別體征明顯。儘管與長長的身體相比，腿部顯得短，但這種犬非常靈活，輕盈。

IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS:

With the distance above ground level of about one third of the height at withers, the body length should be in harmonious relation to height at withers, about 1 to 1,7 - 1,8.

重要比例：

由於離地面的距離約為肩高的三分之一，身長應與肩高比例恰當，約為 1：1.7-1.8。

BEHAVIOUR/TEMPERAMENT:

Friendly by nature, neither nervous nor aggressive, with even temperament. Passionate, persevering and fast hunting dog with an excellent nose.

行為/秉性：

生性友好，既不緊張，也沒有攻擊性，性情平和。熱情，堅定，嗅覺出色，追逐獵物時速度很快。

HEAD:頭部

CRANIAL REGION:顱部區域

HEAD：Elongated as seen from above and in profile. Tapering uniformly towards the nose leather yet not pointed. Superciliary ridges clearly defined. Nasal cartilage and bridge of nose, long and narrow.

頭部：由上面或者側面觀察，顯得較長。頭部向著鼻子逐漸變細，但不呈尖角。眉脊明顯，鼻軟骨與鼻樑長而窄。

Skull:Rather flat, gradually merging with the slightly arched nasal bridge.

頭骨：很平，逐漸與輕微拱起的鼻樑相融合。

Stop: Only indicated.

額段：不太明顯。

FACIAL REGION:面部區域

Nose:Leather well developed.

鼻：鼻頭皮質發育良好。

Muzzle:Long, sufficiently broad and strong.Can be opened wide, split to level of eye.

口吻：長、足夠寬，強有力。能夠張開至眼部。

Lips: Taut fitting, covering the lower jaw well.

唇部：肌肉緊緻，能很好地蓋住下頜。

Jaws/Teeth:Well developed upper and lower jaw.Scissor bite, even and closing firmly. Ideally, complete set of 42 teeth according to requirements for a dog』s mouthwith strong Canines exactly fitting into each other.

頜/牙齒：上下頜發達。剪狀咬合，平滑且閉合緊。理想情況下，根據有關犬的口吻的要求（強有力，緊扣的犬齒），要具備齊全的 42 顆牙齒。

Eyes:Medium size, oval, set well apart, with clear energetic yet friendly expression. Not piercing. Colour bright, dark reddish brown to blackish brown in all coat colours. Wall, fish or pearl eyes in dapple dogs are not desired but may be tolerated.

眼睛：中等尺寸，橢圓形，兩眼距離適中，眼神顯現活力，友善，不尖銳。眼球顏色明亮，深紅棕色至黑褐色，適於各種顏色的被毛。對於有斑紋的犬來說，外斜視，魚眼或白內障都不是理想的，但也可接受。

Ears:Set on high, not too far forward. Sufficiently long but not exaggerated. Rounded, not narrow, pointed or folded. Mobile with front edge lying closeto cheek.

耳朵：位置高，不過度朝前。足夠長，但並不顯誇張。圓，不狹窄，有尖角或摺痕。靈活，前邊緣緊靠臉頰。

NECK:Sufficiently long, muscular. Tight fitting skin on throat. Lightly arched nape of neck, carried freely and high.

頸部：足夠長，肌肉發達，喉部皮膚緊緻。頸背輕微拱起，頸部位置高，活動自如。

BODY:軀幹

Topline：Blending harmoniously from neck to slightly sloping croup.

背線：由頸部向傾斜的臀部和諧地成一條線。

Withers: Pronounced.

肩：明顯。

Back: Behind the high withers, topline running from the thoracic vertebrae straight or slightly inclined to the rear.Firm and well-muscled.

背：位於高高的肩隆後，背線由胸椎骨筆直或者略微傾斜地貫穿至尾部。肌肉結實，發達。

Loins：Strongly muscled. Sufficiently long.

腰：肌肉強健，足夠長。

Croup:Broad and sufficiently long.Slightly sloping.

臀：寬闊而足夠長，略有坡度。

Chest:Sternum well developed and so prominent that slight depressions appear on either side. The ribcage, seen from the front, is oval. Seen from above and the side, it is roomy, giving plenty of space for the heart and lung development. Ribs carried well back. With correct length and angulation of shoulder blade and upper arm, the front leg covers the lowest point of the sternal line in profile.

胸：胸骨發達，很突出，所以兩側有輕微的凹陷。由前面觀察，胸腔呈橢圓形。由上面與側面觀察，空間大，這給心臟與肺的發展提供了充分的空間。肋骨自然後靠，肩胛骨與上臂有著合適的長度與角度，從側面看，前腿蓋住了胸骨線的最低點。

Underline and belly: Slight tuck up.

腹線及腹部：輕微折起。

TAIL:Not set on too high, carried in continuation of topline. A slight curve in the last third of the tail is permitted.

尾：位置不高，成為背線的延續。允許尾部的末端三分之一有輕微的彎曲。

LIMBS:四肢

FOREQUARTERS:前軀

General appearance: Strongly muscled, well angulated. Seen from front, clean front legs, standing straight with good strength of bone; feet pointing straight forward.

整體外形：肌肉發達，角度良好。由前面觀察，前肢乾淨，骨骼強壯，站姿筆直；足尖筆直向前。

Shoulder:Pliant muscles. Long sloping shoulder blade, fitting close to chest.

肩：肌肉富有彈性。肩胛骨長，有坡度，與胸部接合緊密。

Upper arm: Equal in length to shoulder blade, set almost at right angle to same. Strong boned and well muscled, close fitting to ribs but free in movement.

上臂：與肩胛骨長度相等，與肩胛骨幾乎成直角。骨骼強壯，肌肉發達，與肋骨接合緊密，但活動自如。

Elbows: Turning neither in nor out.

肘部：既不內翻，也不外翻。

Forearm: Short, yet so long that the dog』s distance from the ground is about one third of its height at withers. As straight as possible.

前臂：短，因此其到地面的距離約為肩高的三分之一。應儘可能筆直。

Pastern joints: Slightly closer together than the shoulder joints.

系關節：與肩關節相比，輕微緊靠。

Pastern: Seen from the side, should be neither steep nor noticeably inclined forward.

系部：由側面觀察，應既不陡，也不明顯前傾。

Front feet:Toes close together, well arched with strong, resistant, well cushioned pads and short strong nails. The fifth toe has no function but must not be removed.

前足：腳趾緊靠，明顯拱起，具有強壯且耐磨的腳墊，趾甲短而結實。第五個腳趾沒有什麼作用，但應保留。

LIMBS:四肢

HINDQUARTERS: 後軀

General appearance:

Strongly muscled, in correct proportion to forequarters. Strong angulation of stifles and hock joints. Hindlegs parallel standing neither close nor wide apart.

整體外觀：肌肉強健，與前肢比例恰當。膝關節與系部關節連接處的角度明顯。站立時後肢平行，既不太緊也不過於張開。

Upper thigh: Should be of good length and well muscled.

大腿：長，肌肉發達。

Stifle (Knee):Broad and strong with pronounced angulation.

膝關節：寬闊、強健，成角明顯。

Lower thigh: Short, almost at right angle to upper thigh. Well muscled.

小腿：短、與大腿上部成直角。肌肉發達。

Hock joints:Clean with strong tendons.

跗關節：乾淨，肌腱結實。

Hocks：Relatively long, mobile towards lower thigh. Lightly curved forward.

跗骨：相對長，向小腿部位活動靈活。向前輕微彎曲。

Hind feet:Four close knit toes, well arched. Standing firmly on strong pads.

後足：四個緊密的腳趾，自然拱起。堅實地立於強健的腳墊上。

GAIT/MOVEMENT:

Movement should be ground covering, flowing and energetic, with far reaching front strides without much lift, and strong rear drive movement should produce slightly springy transmission to backline. Tail should be carried in harmonious continuation of backline, slightly sloping. Front and hindlegs have parallel movement.

步態/動態：

運動時步幅大，流暢，有力，前肢伸展大，不過度高抬，後驅有力，應為背線提供些許有彈力的傳送。尾巴應自然成為背線的延長線，略傾斜。前後肢平行運動。

SKIN: Tight fitting.

皮膚：與身體緊密貼合。

COAT:被毛

SMOOTH-HAIRED/平毛

Hair:Short, dense, shiny, smooth fitting,tight and harsh. Not showing any bald patches anywhere.

毛質：短、濃密、有光澤、順滑、緊密而粗糙。無任何禿毛的斑塊。

Tail: Fine, fully but not too profusely coated. Somewhat longer guard hair on underside is not a fault.

尾巴：纖細，被毛豐富卻不過度，下側稍微有針毛也不為缺陷。

Colour:

a)Whole-coloured: Red, reddish yellow, yellow, all with or without interspersed black hairs. A clear colour is preferable and red is of greater value than reddish yellow or yellow. Even dogs with strongly interspersed black hairs are classed as whole-colour, not as other colours. White is not desired but single small spots do not disqualify. Nose and nails black.reddish-brownis also permissible but not desirable.

b)Two-coloured: Deep black or brown, each with tan or yellow markings (? Brand ?) over eyes, onsides of muzzle and of lower lip, on inner edge of leathers, on forechest, on inside and rear side of legs, also on the feet, round the vent and from there reaching to about one third or one-half of the underside of the tail. Nose and nails black in black dogs, brown in brown dogs. White is not desired but single small spots do not disqualify. Tan or yellow marking (? Brand ?) too wide spread is undesirable.

c)Dappled (Tiger-brindle, brindle): The basic colour is always the dark colour (black, red or grey). Desired are irregular grey or beige patches (large patches not desired). Neither the dark nor the light colour should be predominant. The colour of a brindle Dachshund is red or yellow with darker brindle. Nose and toenails are the same as with the whole- and two-coloured.

毛色:

a)純色：有或沒有黑色斑點的紅色、略帶紅色的黃色、黃色。亮色特別受歡迎，紅色比略帶有紅色的黃色或者黃色要好。即使有明顯的黑色斑點也被歸為純色，而不是其他顏色。白色不理想，但是單一的小斑點不算失格。鼻子和趾甲為黑色，帶有紅棕色是可以接受的，但不是最佳。

b)雙色：深黑或者褐色，對於每一種顏色來說，在眼睛、口吻和下嘴唇的兩邊，耳朵下垂部分的內邊緣，前胸，腿部的內側與後面，足部，肛門周圍，以及由肛門至尾巴三分之一、或二分之一的部位有棕褐色或者黃色斑紋（「Brand」）。黑色犬只有著黑色的鼻子與趾甲、褐色犬只有著褐色的鼻子與趾甲。白色不理想，但是單一的小斑點不算失格。棕褐色或者黃色的斑紋（「Brand」）面積太大則不理想。

c)斑點（虎斑，斑點）：基本顏色總為深色（黑色、紅色或者灰色）。無規律的灰色或者米色斑塊（不能有大的斑塊）較理想。深色或者淺色不應成為主要的顏色。有斑紋的臘腸犬的顏色應為帶有深色的斑紋的紅色或者黃色臘腸犬。鼻子和腳趾甲與全色或者雙色犬只的相同。

WIRE-HAIRED /剛毛

HAIR: With exception of muzzle, eyebrows and leathers, perfectly even close fitting, dense wiry topcoat with undercoat. The muzzle has a clearly defined beard. Eyebrows are bushy. On the leathers, the coat is shorter than on the body, almost smooth.

毛質：除了口吻、眉毛和耳朵下垂部位外的其它部位有平滑，緊貼，濃密的金屬絲狀外毛，也有底毛。口吻有著明顯的鬍鬚。眉毛濃密。耳朵下垂部位的被毛比身體上的短，較為順滑。

Tail: Well and evenly covered with close fitting coat.

尾：均勻地覆蓋著緊密的被毛。

COLOUR:Dominantly light to dark wild boar colour as well as colour of dry leaves. Otherwise same colours as described under Smooth-haired a-c.

毛色：主要由淺至深色的野豬的顏色以及干樹葉的顏色。其他按照順滑被毛 a-c.下面描述的相同的顏色。

LONG-HAIRED/長毛

HAIR: The sleek shiny coat, with undercoat and close fitting to body, is longer at the throat and on underside of body. On leathers the hair must extend beyond the lower edge of ears (feathering). Distinct feathers on rear side of legs. Achieves its greatest length on underside of tail and there forms a veritable flag.

毛質：被毛順滑，有光澤，有底毛，緊貼身體，喉部與腹部被毛較長。耳朵下垂部位上的毛髮必須超出耳朵的下邊緣（羽狀被毛）。腿後面有明顯的羽狀被毛。尾巴下面的毛最長，形成真正的旗形尾。

COLOUR:As described in Smooth-haired a-c.

毛色：如平毛 a-c 中所述。

SIZE AND WEIGHT/ IMPORTANT MEASUREMENTS:尺寸/重要圍度

Dachshund: Circumference of chest 35 cm.Upper weight limit about 9 kg.

臘腸犬：胸圍 35 公分。體重不得超過 9 公斤。

Miniature Dachshund: Circumference of chest from 30 to 35 cm measured when at least 15 months old.

迷你臘腸犬：當達到 15 個月大時，胸圍 30 至 35 公分。

Rabbit Dachshund: Chest circumference up to 30 cm measured when at least 15 months.

兔型臘腸犬：當達到 15 個月大時，胸圍達到 30 公分。

Weight: Standard Dachshund up to about 9kgs

體重：標準臘腸犬不超過 9 公斤。

FAULTS:缺陷

FAULTS:Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare of the dog.

M3 (Molar 3) are not to be considered when judging. Lack of 2PM1 (Premolar 1) is not to be penalised. The absence of PM2 should be regarded as a fault, if other than M3, no other teeth are missing, also a departure from the correctly closing scissor bite.

缺陷：任何與上述各點的背離均視為缺陷，其缺陷嚴重性嚴格地與其缺陷的程度及其對犬的健康和福利的影響成比例。

在評判時，不考慮 M3（臼齒 3）。缺少 2PM1（前臼齒 1）不影響成績。缺少 PM2 應視為缺陷，如果除了 M3 之外，無其它牙齒缺失，也不是正確閉合的剪狀咬合。

SEVERE FAULTS:嚴重缺陷

Weak, long-legged or body trailing on ground.

The absence of teeth other than those described among ? faults ? or ? eliminating faults ?.

Wall eye in any colour other than dapple.

Pointed, very folded ear leathers.

Body suspended between shoulders.

Hollow back, roach back.

Weak loins.

Marked running up at rear (croup higher than withers).

Chest too weak.

Flanks with whippety-like tuck up.

Badly angulated fore- and hindquarters.

Narrow hindquarters, lacking muscle.

Cow hocks or bow legs.

Feet turning markedly inwards or outwards.

Splayed toes.

Heavy, clumsy, waddling movement.

體弱、長腿，或者身體拖尾沿地面拖行。

「缺陷」或者「失格」描述之外的的其它牙齒缺少。

除斑紋之外的任何顏色的外斜視。

耳朵下垂部分為尖角或者有很厲害的摺痕。

雙肩之間部位懸垂。兩肩下垂。

後背凹陷，或者隆起。

腰虛弱。

臀部明顯地隆起（臀部高於肩隆）。

胸部太弱。

側腹向上折起，如惠比特犬一般。

前後軀角度差。

後軀狹窄，缺少肌肉。

牛肢，或者弓形腿。

腳明顯內翻或外翻。

腳趾張開。

步容沉重，笨拙，蹣跚而行。

FAULTY COAT:被毛缺陷

SMOOTH -HAIRED DACHSHUND:

Coat too fine or thin. Bald patches on leathers (leather ear), otherbald areas.

Coat much too coarse and much too profuse.

Brush like tail.

Tail partially or wholly hairless.

Black colour without any marking (? Brand ?).

WIRE-HAIRED DACHSHUND:

Soft coat, whether long or short.

Long coat, standing away from body in all directions.

Curly or wavy coat.

Soft coat on head.

Flag on tail.

Lack of beard.

Lack of undercoat.

Short coat.

LONG-HAIRED DACHSHUND:

Coat of equal length all over body.

Wavy or shaggy coat.

Lack of flag (tail).

Lack of overhanging feathering on ears.

Short coat.

Pronounced parting in coat on back.

Hair too long between toes.

平毛臘腸犬:

被毛太細或太薄。耳朵下垂部分有禿毛，其它地方禿毛。

被毛太粗糙或太豐富。

像刷子樣的尾巴。

尾巴部分或全部無毛。

無任何斑紋的黑色（「Brand」）。

剛毛臘腸犬:

無論長毛或者短毛，被毛軟。

被毛長，向各個方向伸展。

彎曲或者波浪形的被毛。

頭部有軟的被毛。

旗形尾。

缺少鬍鬚。

缺少底毛。

被毛短。

長毛臘腸犬:

全身被毛長度相同。

波浪形或蓬鬆的被毛。

沒有旗形尾。

耳朵沒有懸垂的羽狀被毛。

短被毛。

背部被毛有突出分縫。

腳趾間的被毛太長。

DISQUALIFYING FAULTS:失格缺陷

Aggressive or overly shy

Any dog clearly showing physical of behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified.

Overshot or undershot mouth, wry mouth.

Faulty position of the lower canines.

Absence of one or more canines; absence of one or more incisors.

Lack of other premolars or molars.Exceptions : The two PM1, one PM2 without consideration ofM3, as mentioned under Faults.

Chest : Sternum cut off.

Any fault of tail.

Very loose shoulders.

Knuckling over in pasterns.

Black colour without markings (Brand); white colour with orwithout markings (Brand).

Colours other than those listed under 「Colour」.

有攻擊性或過度羞怯

任何在身體和行為上明顯失常的犬應視為失格。

上頜突出或下頜突出，嘴歪。

下犬齒位置不當。

少了一顆或多顆犬齒；少了一顆或多顆門牙。

少了其它的前臼齒，或者臼齒。例外：根據『缺陷』中規定的，兩顆 PM1,在不考慮 M3 的情況下的一顆 PM2。

胸部：胸骨切除。

尾部的任何缺陷。

肩部很松馳。

系骨有突起。

無斑紋的黑色（Brand）;有或無斑紋的白色（Brand）。

除了「顏色」下所列顏色之外的其它顏色。

N.B.：

Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fullydescended into the scrotum.

Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with breed typicalconformation, should be used for breeding.

注：

公犬具備兩個明顯正常且完全置於陰囊的睾丸

只有身體機能以及臨床表現健康的，具備典型犬種結構的犬只，才可用於繁殖。

最新修訂內容以黑體標註。

犬只各部位名稱（FCI標準通用）

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