Mumps and Vaccine 腮腺炎和疫苗

Mumps is an infection caused by a virus and spread human-to-human via direct contact or by airborne droplets. It is sometimes called infectious parotitis, and it primarily affects the salivary glands. Initial symptoms are typically non-specific, such as headache, malaise and fever, followed within a day by the characteristic swelling of the parotid (salivary) glands.

腮腺炎是一種由病毒引起的感染，通過直接接觸或空氣飛沫在人與人之間傳播。它有時被稱為感染性腮腺炎，主要影響唾液腺。最初的癥狀通常是非特異性的，如頭痛、倦怠和發熱，隨後在一天內出現腮腺（唾液）腺體腫脹特徵。

MMR 麻腮風

Safe and effective vaccines against mumps have been available since the 1960s. The vaccine is most often incorporated into national immunization programmes in acombined measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. In countries where large-scale immunization against mumps has been implemented, the incidence of the disease has dropped dramatically.

安全有效的腮腺炎疫苗自二十世紀六十年代開始投入使用。這種疫苗通常以麻疹、腮腺炎和風疹 (MMR) 三聯疫苗的形式納入國家免疫計劃。在已經實施大規模腮腺炎免疫接種的國家，這種疾病的發病率顯著下降。

WHO recommends integrating strategies to control mumps with existing high priority goals of measles and rubella control or elimination. Once the decision has been made to include mumps vaccine, the use of combined MMR vaccine is strongly encouraged.

世界衛生組織建議整合策略並通過麻疹和風疹控制或消除的現有高優先順序目標來控制腮腺炎。包括腮腺炎疫苗的決策確定後，麻疹、腮腺炎和風疹三聯疫苗的使用得到了大力提倡。

Vaccine Safety 疫苗安全

Vaccines are safe and effective

疫苗安全有效

Any licensed vaccine is rigorously tested before it is approved for use, regularly reassessed and constantly monitored for side effects. In the rare event a serious side effect is reported, it is immediately investigated.

獲得許可的疫苗在批准使用前會得到嚴格檢測，定期開展重複評估，並不斷進行副反應監測。當在極為罕見情況下出現嚴重副反應報告時，會立刻做出調查。

Vaccines prevent deadly illnesses

疫苗可預防致命疾病

Vaccination protects children from diseases like diphtheria, measles, mumps and pertussis (whooping cough). Failure to vaccinate leaves children and adults vulnerable to diseases, complications or even death.

疫苗接種可保護兒童免患白喉、麻疹、腮腺炎和百日咳等疾病。不接種疫苗會使兒童和成年人容易罹患疾病、發生併發症甚至死亡。

Vaccines provide better immunity than natural infections

通過疫苗獲得免疫比自然感染更佳

The immune response to vaccines is similar to the one produced by natural infection but less risky.

機體對疫苗產生的免疫反應與自然感染類似，但風險更低。

Combined vaccines are save and beneficial

聯合疫苗安全有益

Giving several vaccines at the same time has no negative effect on a child』s immune system; reduces discomfort for the child; and saves time and money. Children are exposed to more antigens from a common cold than they are from vaccines.

同時接種集中疫苗不會對兒童免疫系統造成負面影響；這可減少孩子的不適；節省時間和金錢。兒童患普通感冒所接觸到的抗原數量比疫苗所含要多。

If we stop vaccination, disease will return

如果停止疫苗接種，疾病就會捲土重來

Even with better hygiene, sanitation and access to safe water, infections still spread. When people are not vaccinated, infectious diseases that have become uncommon – diphtheria, measles, mumps, and polio – quickly reappear.

即使有良好的衛生條件、環境衛生並可以獲得安全飲用水，傳染病仍然會蔓延。如果人們不接種疫苗，已經不太常見的白喉、麻疹、腮腺炎和脊髓灰質炎等傳染病就會很快再次出現。

（來源：世界衛生組織）

統籌：寧可兒

美編：曦檬子

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