雙語：腸道是人體的「第二大腦」 能影響情緒
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雙語：腸道是人體的「第二大腦」 能影響情緒
《Future出國》雜誌公眾號：futurechuguo
日本九州大學研究者通過對「無菌」小鼠進行實驗發現，腸道細菌能夠改變我們的情緒，身體健康和甚至大腦活動。
If anything makes us human it』s our minds, thoughts and emotions.
如果有什麼東西能夠定義人類的話，那一定是我們的心靈，想法和情緒。
And yet a controversial new concept is emerging that claims gut bacteria are an invisible hand altering our brains.
然而，一個有爭議的新概念正在出現，那就是，腸道細菌是一隻看不見的手，它正改變著我們的大腦。
Science is piecing together how the trillions of microbes that live on and in all of us - our microbiome - affect our physical health.
科學正在試圖了解，生活在我們所有人身上的數以萬億的微生物是如何影響我們的身體健康的。
But even conditions including depression, autism and neurodegenerative disease are now being linked to these tiny creatures.
但即使是抑鬱症，自閉症和神經退行性疾病等疾病，現在也與這些微小的生物有關。
We』ve known for centuries that how we feel affects our gut - just think what happens before an exam or a job interview - but now it is being seen as a two-way street.
幾個世紀以來，我們已經知道我們的感受如何影響我們的腸道，想一想在考試或面試之前會發生什麼就知道了。但現在這被認為是互相影響的。
Groups of researchers believe they are on the cusp of a revolution that uses "mood microbes" or "psychobiotics" to improve mental health.
研究人員小組認為他們正處於一場使用「情緒微生物」或「精神活性物質」來改善心理健康的革命的風口浪尖。
The study that ignited the whole concept took place at Kyushu University in Japan.
點燃整個概念的研究發生在日本九州大學。
The researchers showed that "germ-free" mice - those that never came into contact with microbes - pumped out twice the amount of stress hormone when distressed than normal mice.
研究人員表明，「無菌」小鼠 - 那些從未接觸過微生物的小鼠 - 在壓力下比正常小鼠釋放兩倍量的應激激素。
The animals were identical except for their microbes. It was a strong hint that the difference was a result of their micro-organisms.
這些動物，除了其微生物之外，其餘都是相同的。這強烈地暗示著，差異是由它們的微生物帶來的。
There is now a rich vein of research linking germ-free mice with changes in behaviour and even the structure of the brain.
現在有大量的針對無菌小鼠與其行為變化甚至大腦結構之間的聯繫的研究。
But their completely sterile upbringing is nothing like the real world. We』re constantly coming into contact with microbes in our environment, none of us are germ-free.
但是，它們完全無菌的成長環境與現實世界並不相同。我們在環境中不斷接觸到微生物，沒有人是無菌。
A good rule of thumb is a healthy microbiome is a diverse microbiome, containing a wide variety of different species living all over our bodies.
大致上，健康的微生物群是一個多樣化的微生物群，包含各種不同的物種，遍布我們的身體。
And some lifestyles that weaken our gut bacteria, such as a diet low in fibre, can make us more vulnerable.
而一些削弱我們腸道細菌的生活方式，例如纖維含量低的飲食攝入，會使我們更加脆弱。
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