汶川十年:你還是一無所知
2008年5月12日(星期一)14時28分04秒,一聲巨響,四川省阿壩藏族羌族自治州汶川縣映秀鎮與漩口鎮交界處發生地震,面波震級達8.0Ms,矩震級達8.3Mw,嚴重破壞區域超過10萬平方米。如今10年過去了,家園已然重建,悲傷逐漸淡卻,可是警鐘應該長鳴,因為在自然災害面前,我們的生命是那麼的脆弱與渺小,而且近幾年,國內外大大小的地震頻發,可是我們對地震的知識儲備卻仍是寥寥無幾,正值「汶川地震10周年」,在緬懷逝者的同時,也希望我們能多了解一點地震知識。
汶川地震
科普篇
Our planet is full of famous shaky spots — California, Japan, New Zealand and so on — but the father of modern seismology hailed from comparatively stable Ireland.
我們的地球布滿了著名的震點,像加利福尼亞、日本、紐西蘭等等,但現代地震學之父卻來自地震相對稀發的愛爾蘭。
In 1849, Dublin-born engineer Robert Mallet detonated kegs of gunpowder he』d buried on a beach to test how shock waves traveled through rock and other material: the world』s first seismological experiment.
1849年,都柏林建築師Robert Mallet將數桶炸藥埋在沙灘下,引爆後用來測試地震波如何穿過石頭和其他物質,這就是世界上的第一次地震學實驗。
In the second century A.D., China』s Zhang Heng created the first seismoscope, which reportedly picked up a jolt not noticed by humans.
在公元二世紀,中國的張衡發明了第一架地震儀,相傳它檢測出了一次人類沒有察覺的小地震。
You know what else picks up P waves? Pooches. Dogs can hear the waves, which have too high a frequency for our ears to notice. That』s why there are so many reports of dogs barking immediately before a quake.
你知道還有什麼能捕捉到地震縱波嗎?狗狗們可以。狗可以捕捉到人耳無法聽到的高頻超聲波。這就是許多報道中狗狗們在地震發生之前狂吠的原因。
There are plenty of small earthquakes, most not even felt by humans, occur across the world every day due to detonations, such as nuclear weapons testing or mining, or rising magma linked to volcanic activity.
地球上每天有許多小地震發生,它們大多不被人類所察覺。這些小地震由核武器試驗、採礦作業,或火山活動造成的岩漿上升等因素所帶來的爆炸產生。
地震自救
安全Tips
1. If you"re in bed when an earthquake strikes, stay there. Hold on and protect your head with a pillow.
如果地震發生時你正在床上,不要動。在原地用枕頭保護住頭部。
2.Move away from buildings, streetlights, and utility wires.Many inside doorways are lightly constructed and do not offer protection.
遠離建築物、路燈和公用電線。許多走廊建得並不結實,不能為我們提供保護。
3. Most earthquake-related casualties result from collapsing walls, flying glass, and falling objects.
大多數地震相關的人員傷亡是由倒塌的牆壁、飛濺的玻璃,和墜落的物體造成的。
4. If trapped under debris, cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing. Shout only as a last resort. Shouting can cause you to inhale dangerous amounts of dust.
如果被困於廢墟下,要用手帕或衣物捂住口部。呼救只是迫不得已的下策。呼喊可能使你吸入大量可能致命的灰塵。
5. Look for and extinguish small fires. Fire is the most common hazard after an earthquake.
及時找到並熄滅小火。火災是地震後最常見的災害。
地震
沒有人希望發生意外,可是誰也無法保證明天會發生什麼,一旦遇上意外,希望我們可以有效的保護自己。


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