厲害了！中國第一艘大陸航母出海試航，美國專家都在點贊！
China"s first homegrown aircraft carrier heads out for sea trial
中國第一艘大陸航母出海試航
來源：美國CNN 翻譯：世界播
China"s first domestically built aircraft carrier began sea trials on Sunday, a historic step in the country"s mission to build a navy capable of rivaling the world"s leading maritime powers.
中國第一艘大陸航空母艦於周日開始試航，這是中國建設一支能夠與世界主要海上強國匹敵的海軍任務中，邁出的歷史性一步。
The new aircraft carrier, temporarily named Type 001A, sailed out at around 7 a.m. in Dalian, in the northeast province of Liaoning, according to reports in Chinese state media.
據中國官方媒體報道，這艘暫命名為001A型的新型航空母艦於上午7點左右在遼寧省大連市開航。
The 50,000-tonne ship will become the country"s second aircraft carrier, and the first to be entirely built and designed inside of China, when it joins the navy sometime before 2020.
這艘重達5萬噸的航母將成為中國的第二艘航空母艦，並且將在2020年加入海軍之前成為中國的第一艘完全自主建造和研發設計的航母。
China"s first carrier, the Liaoning, a retrofitted Soviet-era vessel bought from the Ukraine, was hailed as the fulfillment of a "70-year dream" of the Chinese nation when it launched to much celebration in 2012.
中國第一艘航母「遼寧號」是一艘從烏克蘭購買的改裝的前蘇聯時代的船隻，在2012年的慶祝活動中被譽為中國「70年夢想」的實現。
But experts said while the new aircraft carrier will dramatically boost China"s military power in the Asia region, its technology was still outdated and lagged far behind the world"s naval superpower, the United States.
但專家表示，儘管新航母將大幅提升中國在亞洲地區的軍事實力，但其技術仍然落後，遠遠落後於世界上的海軍超級大國——美國。
"This is, in and of itself, not designed to be some frontal challenge to US power in the Asia Pacific, because it simply isn"t in the class of America"s aircraft carriers," Sam Roggeveen, senior fellow at Sydney"s Lowy Institute, told CNN.
悉尼洛伊國際政策研究所高級研究員薩姆羅格文告訴美國有線電視新聞網(CNN): 「在亞太地區，這本身並不構成美國在亞太地區實力的正面挑戰，因為它根本不屬於美國航空母艦的級別。」
Chinese workers labor on the deck of China"s first domestically built aircraft carrier, the Type 001A, at the shipyard in Dalian on 16 April4月16日，在大連造船廠，中國工人在中國第一艘大陸航空母艦001A的甲板上工作
Bigger and better
更大更好
China"s second aircraft carrier will be "modernized" compared to its first, experts said, with a design that"s bigger and heavier to allow it to carry more planes.
專家表示，中國的第二艘航空母艦將比第一艘「現代化」，其設計更大更重，可以承載更多飛機。
The basic design for the new aircraft carrier is clearly modeled heavily on the Liaoning, including the signature ski-jump inclination at the front from which aircraft lift off.
這艘新型航空母艦的基本設計很明顯以遼寧號為模型，包括在飛機起飛前的標誌性斜板滑躍傾向度。
The ship, which is roughly 315 meters (1,033 ft) in length and 75 meters (246 ft) wide, uses conventional rather than nuclear propulsion, and is believed to displace 50,000 tonnes, according to reports in state media.
據國家媒體報道，這艘船的長度約為315米（1033英尺），寬約75米（246英尺），使用常規而非核推進，排水量達50000噸。
Speaking to CNN, RAND Corporation senior international defense research analyst Timothy Heath described the design as generally easier to build and to operate aircraft from.
在接受CNN採訪時，蘭德公司高級國際防務研究分析師蒂莫西·希思(Timothy Heath)稱，這種設計通常更容易建造和操作飛機。
But expert analysis of pictures and satellite images of the new China-built vessel reveals it has been altered in subtle ways, possibly allowing it to accommodate up to eight additional aircraft.
但是專家分析了中國建造的新船圖片和衛星圖片，顯示其在細微之處已做出了改變，可能允許它再容納8架飛機。
By comparison, the Liaoning is thought to currently carry around 30 warplanes, including fixed wing aircraft and helicopters.
相比之下，遼寧號目前有大約30架戰機，包括固定翼飛機和直升機。
According to Peter Layton, visiting fellow at the Griffith Asia Institute, the Liaoning was intended to act as more of a training vessel, whereas the new ship is likely to be deployed in combat missions, positioning China alongside a select number of countries with global naval capabilities, including Russia, France, the United States, and the United Kingdom.
根據彼得·萊頓，格里菲斯亞洲研究所客座研究員的說法，遼寧號意在更多的充當訓練船，而新船可能被部署戰鬥任務,它的定位是與一些擁有全球海軍力量的國家並駕齊驅，包括俄羅斯、法國、美國和英國。
As of this year, the United States Navy fields 11 nuclear-powered aircraft carriers, more than any other nation in the world.
截至今年，美國海軍擁有11艘核動力航空母艦，比世界上任何其他國家都多。
The US ships feature "catapult" technology, in which a gear attached to a steam-powered piston or an electromagnetic rail gets aircraft up to flight speed as they leave the deck.
美國艦船的特點是「彈射」技術，在這種技術中，一個附加在蒸汽動力活塞或電磁軌道上的齒輪使飛機在離開甲板時達到飛行速度。
Aircraft launched by catapults can get airborne and with greater quantities of fuel and ammunition, giving them an advantage over Chinese planes, which rely on their own power when lifting off from the Liaoning"s ski-jump.
由彈射器發射的飛機可以飛到空中，並且攜帶更多的燃料和彈藥，這使它們比中國飛機更具有優勢。中國的飛機在從遼寧號的斜板滑躍中起飛時依靠的是自己的力量。
China"s sole aircraft carrier, the Liaoning, arrives in Hong Kong waters on July 7, 2017.
中國唯一的航空母艦「遼寧號」將於2017年7月7日抵達香港水域。
Still more sea trials needed
仍然需要更多的海上試驗
Once an aircraft carrier passes its sea trials, that doesn"t mean it"s ready for combat. Although the type 001A has successfully left the ship yard, plenty of problems can, and most likely will, arise.
儘管航母通過海上試航，這並不意味著它已準備好進行戰鬥。雖然001A型已經成功地離開了造船廠，但是很多問題，而且很有可能會出現。
In late 2017, the United Kingdom"s new aircraft carrier, the HMS Queen Elizabeth, embarrassingly sprung a leak during sea trials and needed repairs.
在2017年底，英國的新航空母艦「伊麗莎白女王號」(HMS Queen Elizabeth)在海上試航期間令人尷尬地出現了泄漏，並且需要進行維修。
In the United States, the USS Gerald R Ford, the US Navy"s newest carrier and the most expensive warship ever built at $13 billion, has a host of problems.
在美國，美國海軍的最新航母「傑拉德·R·福特號」(USS Gerald R Ford)是有史以來造價130億美元的最昂貴的軍艦，它也有很多問題。
The Ford was commissioned into the fleet in July 2017, however, a January 2018 report from the Pentagon"s Operational Test and Evaluation Office says the 100,000-ton warship is plagued with troubles in critical systems, including its catapults that launch planes, the arresting gear which catches them upon landing, and its radar.
福特號在2017年7月被委派進入艦隊，然而，五角大樓運行測試和評估辦公室在2018年1月的一份報告中稱，這艘10萬噸級的軍艦受到關鍵系統問題的困擾，包括發射飛機時所需的彈射器，控制飛機降落時的制動裝置，和它的雷達。
Those deficiencies "make the ship more vulnerable to attack, or create limitations during routine operations," the report said.
報告稱，這些缺陷「會使船舶更容易受到攻擊，或在日常作業中造成限制」。
Other problems are more mundane, but show just how many things have to be ironed out in a new warship: The test office report says the Ford is expected to be short of spaces for its crew to sleep.
其他問題更為普遍，但卻顯示出一艘新戰艦需要解決多少問題: 運行測試辦公室報告稱，預計福特號將沒有空間供機組人員睡覺。
China"s second aircraft carrier was launched at a ceremony on April 26, 2017
中國第二艘航空母艦於2017年4月26日舉行儀式。
Future of the Chinese navy
中國海軍的未來
China may still be a long way from presenting a global challenge to the US Navy, but as a regional power its military program is moving fast.
中國在向美國海軍提出全球性挑戰方面可能還有很長的路要走，但作為一個地區性強國，中國的軍事行動正在快速推進。
With a military budget in 2018 of $175 billion dollars, up 8% on the year before, the Chinese military is pushing ahead rapidly with its modernization drive.
中國軍隊在2018年的軍費預算為1750億美元，同比增長8%，中國軍隊正在快速推進其現代化建設。
Between 2010 and 2017, the Chinese Navy increased its complement of ships from 210 to 320, Boston College professor of political science Robert Ross told CNN, including another 18 in 2016 alone.
波士頓大學政治學教授羅伯特·羅斯告訴CNN, 2010年至2017年期間，中國海軍將其軍艦數量從210艘增加到了320艘，其中僅2016年就有18艘。
By comparison, the active US fleet currently sits at approximately 272 ships, he said.
他說，相比之下，現役美國艦隊目前約有272艘船。
Meanwhile, the PLA has begun work on its third aircraft carrier, according to the South China Morning Post, which is rumored to employ a more advanced launch system different from the ski-jump.
與此同時，據《南華早報》報道，中國人民解放軍已開始在第三艘航空母艦上進行工作。據傳聞，採用與斜板滑躍不同的更先進的發射系統。
"The US Navy and the capability for the US Navy will still be superior to the Chinese Navy in 10 years, but the size of the Chinese fleet will be larger and they"ll have closed the gap in technology and training," Ross said.
羅斯說:「美國海軍和美國海軍力量在10年內仍將優於中國海軍，但中國艦隊的規模將更大，中國也將縮小技術和海軍訓練方面的差距。」
China has made no secret of its desire to build a modern, "blue-water" navy which could operate around the world.
中國已經毫不掩飾地想要建立一個現代化的「藍水」海軍，可以在全世界範圍內開展活動。
"If you look at China"s acquisitions of facilities in the Indian Ocean and in Eastern Africa, they"re quickly developing the capability to maintain a naval presence in distant waters," Ross said.
羅斯說，「如果你看到中國在印度洋和東非購置的設施，他們正在迅速發展在遙遠水域保持海軍存在的能力。」
Still, the main focus of the PLA Navy in the near future is expected to be dominating the waters around the Chinese mainland, including the South China Sea.
儘管如此，中國人民解放軍海軍在不久的將來仍將主要關注支配包括南海在內的中國大陸的水域。
China is fortifying islands in the region with facilities that could host military aircraft, creating what some experts have called "unsinkable aircraft carriers."
中國正在加強該地區的島嶼設防，配備有能容納軍用飛機的設施，創造了一些專家稱之為「不沉的航空母艦」。
Last week, US intelligence assessed that there is a high probability the Chinese military had deployed anti-ship and anti-aircraft missiles to three artificial islands there during recent military drills.
上周，美國情報部門評估說，在最近的軍事演習中，中國軍方很有可能向三個人工島部署反艦和防空導彈。
Compared to the rest of the Asia region, Ross said, only Japan can currently equal the Chinese navy and even then they probably only had about five years before they too would be surpassed.
羅斯說，與亞洲其他地區相比，只有日本現在可以與中國海軍相提並論，即便如此，日本也可能只有5年左右的時間才能超越中國海軍。
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