德國拳師犬 FCI國際純種犬標準

寵物 05-15

註：該標準中文版翻譯自FCI國際純種犬標準英文版，已發佈於CKU官網-犬種百科

09.07.2008 / EN

FCI-國際純種犬標準第 144 號

BOXER（(Deutscher Boxer）

德國拳獅犬

本圖片不一定代表該犬種的理想例子

ORIGIN:Germany.

起源：德國

Date of acceptance on a definitive basis by the FCI: 1/1/1955

FCI正式認可日期：1955年1月1日

DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE OFFICIAL VALID STANDARD:01.04.2008.

正式生效標準發布日期：2008年4月1日

UTILIZATION:Companion, Guard and Working Dog.

用途：伴侶犬、守衛犬，工作犬。

FCI-CLASSIFICATION:

Group 2 Pinscher and Schnauzer- Molossoid breeds- Swiss Mountain and Cattle Dogs.

Section 2.1 Molossoid breeds, mastiff type.

With working trial.

FCI分組：

第2組：賓莎和雪納瑞-獒犬-瑞士山地犬和瑞士牧牛犬組

第2.1類：獒犬

有工作犬測試

BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY:

The small, so called Brabant Bullenbeisser is regarded as the immediate ancestor of the Boxer. In the past, the breeding of these Bullenbeissers was in the hands of the huntsmen, whom they assisted during the hunt. Their task was to seize the game put up by the hounds and hold it firmly until the huntsman arrived and put an end to the prey. For this job the dog had to have jaws as wide as possible with widely spaced teeth, in order to bite firmly and hold on tightly. A Bullenbeisser which had these characteristics was best suited to this job and was used for breeding. Previously, only the ability to work and utilization were considered. Selective breeding was carried out which produced a dog with a wide muzzle and an upturned nose.

歷史梗概：

體型小的Brabant Bullenbeisser（布拉班咬牛犬）被視作拳師犬的祖先。過去，只有獵戶才能擁有和繁殖這些幫助其狩獵的犬。他們的主要任務就是在狩獵過程中追捕獵物，並緊緊控制住獵物，直到獵人趕到，結束狩獵行動。由此這一犬種具有儘可能寬的上下頜以及空隙較大的牙齒，能夠緊緊地咬住獵物。具有這些特點的布拉班咬牛犬最適合於這一工作，並被用於繁殖。先前的繁殖只考慮犬只的工作能力，進行選擇性育種，因此培育出了具有寬口吻朝天鼻的犬種。

GENERAL APPEARANCE:

The Boxer is a medium sized, smooth coated, sturdy dog of compact, square build and strong bone. His muscles are taut, strongly developed and moulded in appearance.

His movement is lively, powerful with noble bearing. The Boxer must be neither cumbersome nor heavy, nor light or lacking in body substance.

整體外貌：

拳師犬體型中等、被毛順滑、結實緊湊、身體呈方形並且骨格健壯。肌肉緊繃，強健發達，外形整齊。

運動充滿活力、富有高貴的氣質。拳師犬既不能顯得笨重、臃腫，也不能顯得瘦削、缺少骨量。

IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS:

a) Length of body / Height at withers: Square build, which means that the horizontal line of the back is perpendicular to the vertical line passing through the point of shoulder and to the other vertical line passing through the point of buttock, thus defining a square outline.

b) Depth of brisket / Height at withers: The chest reaches to the elbows. Depth of chest is half the height at withers.

c) Length of nose bridge / Length of head: Length of nose bridge in relation to skull should be 1 : 2 (measured respectively from tip of nose to inner corner of eye and from inner corner of eye to occiput).

重要比例：

a) 體長/肩高：身體結構成方形，這意味著背部的水平線與通過肩部的垂直線，以及與通過臀部的其它垂直線垂直，因而，形成了方形的輪廓。

b) 胸深/肩高：胸部能抵達肘部。胸深為肩高的一半。

c) 鼻樑的長度/頭部的長度：鼻樑長度與頭部長度的比例應為：1：2（各自由鼻尖至眼內角測量，以及由眼內角至枕骨測量。）。

BEHAVIOUR/TEMPERAMENT:

The Boxer should be fearless self-confident, calm and equable. Temperament is of the utmost importance and requires careful attention. Devotion and loyalty towards his master and his entire household, his watchfulness and self-assured courage as a defender are famous. He is harmless with his family but distrustful of strangers. Happy and friendly in play, yet fearless in a serious situation. Easy to train on account of his willingness to obey, his pluck and courage, natural keenness and scent capability. Undemanding and clean, he is just as agreeable and appreciated in the family circle as he is as a guard, companion and working dog. His character is trustworthy, with no guile or cunning, even in old age.

行為/秉性：

拳師犬應無畏、自信、沉著而冷靜。秉性最重要，需要多加關注。熱愛工作、對主人及整個家庭忠誠，作為一名守衛犬，以其很好的警覺性與勇氣而出名。不會傷害家人，但是對陌生人不信任。玩耍時活潑友好，但臨危不懼。由於容易遵守命令、有精神，有勇氣、天生的敏銳以及嗅覺能力，易於訓練。脾氣溫順，愛乾淨，作為一名守衛犬、伴侶犬以及工作犬，在家庭中很受歡迎。這種犬的特徵就是忠誠，即使晚年時，也不會變得狡猾。

HEAD:頭部

This gives the Boxer his characteristic look. Must be in good proportion to the body and appear neither too light nor too heavy. Muzzle should be as broad and powerful as possible. The harmony of the head depends on the balance between muzzle and skull. From whichever direction the head is viewed, from front, above or sideways, the muzzle must always be in the right proportion to the skull i.e. it must never appear too small. It should be clean, not showing any wrinkle. However, natural folds are formed in the cranial region when alerted. From root of nose, folds are always indicated running in a downward direction on both sides. The dark mask is confined to the muzzle and must be in sharp contrast to the color of the head so that the face does not appear somber.

頭部使得拳師犬具有了自己的典型特徵。頭部必須與身體成比例，既不顯得太輕，也不顯得太重。口吻部應儘可能寬而有力。頭部的協調取決於口吻與頭骨間的平衡，無論從正前方或者側面觀察頭部，口吻必須總是與頭骨保持合適的比例，也就是說，頭部一定不能顯得太小。頭部應該乾燥，不能顯現皺紋。然而，當這種犬警惕時，頭蓋部會形成自然的皺紋。這些皺紋總是由鼻根向鼻子兩側自然延伸。深色的斑點僅限於口吻，且必須與頭部的顏色形成鮮明的對比，由此面部不會顯得陰鬱。

CRANIAL REGION:顱部區域

Skull:The cranial region should be as lean and angular as possible. It is slightly arched, neither too round and short, nor flat; nor should it be too broad. Occiput not too pronounced. Furrow in forehead only slightly marked, must not be too deep, especially between the eyes.

頭骨：頭蓋部應盡量瘦削。頭骨略成拱形，不圓，短，不平，也不寬。枕骨不突出。前額的中溝略明顯，但不深陷，尤其是兩眼間部位。

Stop:The forehead forms a distinct stop with the bridge of nose. Bridge of nose must not be forced back into the forehead as in the Bulldog, nor should it be down faced.

額段：前額到鼻樑間的額段明顯。但鼻樑不象英國鬥牛犬那樣向後與前額連接，也不是下陷的臉。

FACIAL REGION:面部區域

Nose:Nose is broad and black and only slightly turned up with wide nostrils. Tip of nose is placed slightly higher than root of nose.

鼻：鼻子寬闊，黑色，輕微的朝天鼻，鼻孔開闊。鼻尖略高於鼻根部。

Muzzle:

The muzzle is powerfully developed in three dimensional volume, neither pointed nor narrow, nor short or shallow. Its appearance is influenced by:

a) Shape of jaw.

b) Position of canine teeth.

c) Shape of lips.

The canines must be placed as far apart as possible and must be of good length, making the front of the muzzle broad, almost square and forming a blunt angle with bridge of nose. In front, the edge of the upper lip rests on the edge of the lower lip. The part of the lower jaw with lower lip curved upwards, called the chin, must not markedly protrude over upper lip, seen from front. Nor should it be hidden by the upper lip but should be well defined from front and side. The canines and incisors of the lower jaw must not be visible when mouth is closed, neither should the tongue show. Median groove in the upper lip (philtrum) is clearly visible.

口吻：

口吻強壯有力，不尖，不窄，也不短不淺。其外形受到以下幾方面的影響：

a)頜的形狀。

b)犬齒的位置。

c)唇的形狀。

犬齒應儘可能分得較開，且應該長度適中，這使得口吻前部寬闊、幾乎成方形，並與鼻樑形成一個鈍角。從前面觀察，上唇邊緣依靠於下齒邊緣。下唇所在下頜部分向上折起，稱作下巴，由前面觀察，下巴不能明顯突起超過上唇。從前面和側面觀察，不能為上唇所覆蓋，而應很明顯。當嘴閉合時，下頜的犬齒與門牙不得外露，舌頭也不能外露。上唇的中線槽（人中）清晰可見。

Lips: The lips complete the shape of the muzzle. The upper lip is thick and padded and fills the space formed by the undershot lower jaw; it is supported by the lower canines.

唇：唇構成了口吻的形狀。上唇厚、成塊狀，填補了突出的下頜所形成的空間，下面有下犬齒支撐。

Jaws/Teeth:The lower jaw protrudes beyond the upper jaw and is curved slightly upwards. The Boxer is undershot. The upper jaw is broad where it joins the cranial region, tapering only slightly towards the front. The teeth are strong and healthy. The incisors are as even as possible, set in a straight line. Canines wide apart and of good size.

頜/齒：下頜超出上頜，略微上卷。拳師犬下頜突出。上頜寬闊，與頭蓋部連接，向前部逐漸變細。牙齒強健。門牙應儘可能平齊，處於一條直線。犬齒間距大，尺寸適中。

Cheeks: Cheeks are developed in proportion with the strong jaws without markedly bulging. They merge with the muzzle in a slight curve.

臉頰：臉頰發達，與強健的頜比例恰當，沒有明顯的凸起。臉頰以輕微的曲線與口吻相融合。

Eyes:The dark eyes are neither too small nor protruding or deep set. Their expression conveys energy and intelligence and must not be threatening or piercing. Eye rims must be dark.

眼睛：黑色的眼睛既不太小，也不突出或者深陷。眼神傳達出活力與聰明的表情，無威脅或者攻擊的神情。眼眶為黑色。

Ears:The natural ears are of appropriate size. They are set on wide apart on highest part of skull. In repose they lie close to the cheeks and turn forward with a definite crease, especially when the dog is alert.

耳朵：自然狀態，耳朵尺寸適中。兩耳間距大，位於頭骨的最高部位。休息時，耳朵緊靠臉頰，沖前，有一條摺痕，當犬警覺時，更加明顯。

NECK:Topline runs in an elegant arch from the clearly marked nape to the withers. It should be of ample length, round, strong and muscular.

頸部：由清晰頸背至肩胛骨形成一條優美的背線。頸部應力量充足、呈圓形、強健有力、肌肉發達。

BODY:軀幹

Square body resting on sturdy, straight legs.

身體呈方形、腿部筆直、粗壯。

Withers: Should be marked.

肩：應清晰。

Back:Including loin should be short, firm, straight, broad and muscular.

背：背包括腰，應短、堅實、筆直、寬闊而肌肉發達。

Croup: Slightly sloping, broad and only slightly arched. Pelvis should be long and broad, especially in bitches.

臀：略斜、寬，輕微拱起。骨盆應長而闊，母犬尤其如此。

Chest:Deep, reaching to elbows. Depth of chest is half the height at withers. Well-developed fore chest. Ribs well sprung but not barrel shaped, extending well to the rear.

胸：深，可達肘部。胸深為肩高的一半。前胸發育良好。肋骨擴張良好但是不能為水桶型，延伸至後部。

Underline: Running towards rear in elegant curve. Short, taut flanks slightly tucked up.

腹線：以優美的線條通向後部。短而緊的側腹輕微折起。

TAIL:Set on high rather than low.The tail is of normal lengthand left natural.

尾：位置高。尾巴的長度正常，處於自然狀態。

LIMBS:四肢

General appearance: Front legs, seen from front, must stand parallel and have strong bone.

整體外形：前肢由前面觀察，前腿在站立時必須保持平行，骨量充足。

FOREQUARTERS:前軀

Shoulders:Long and sloping, connected firmly to body. Should not be too loaded.

肩：長，傾斜，與身體緊密相接。不應過重。

Upper arm: Long, making a right angle to shoulder blade.

上臂：長，與肩胛骨角度適中。

Elbows:Neither too close to side of chest nor turned out.

肘：既不與胸部的側面太近，也不外翻。

Forearms:Vertical, long, lean and muscled.

前臂：垂直、長、瘦，肌肉強健。

Carpus (wrist): Strong, well defined, but not exaggerated.

腕骨（腕關節）：強健，明確，但不誇張。

Metacarpus (Pastern): Short, almost perpendicular to ground.

掌骨（系部）：短、幾乎與地面垂直。

Forefeet:Small, round, tight, well cushioned and hard pads.

前足：小，圓，緊湊，足墊發達，足墊硬。

LIMBS:四肢

HINDQUARTERS: 後軀

General appearance:Very muscular, the muscles brick hard and visible under the skin.Hind legs: Seen from rear: straight.

整體外觀：

肌肉非常強健，肌肉塊硬，在皮膚下明顯可見。後腿：從後面觀察成直立狀。

Thigh: Long and broad. Angles of hip and knee are open but as little as possible.

大腿：長而寬。髖骨與膝蓋形成角度，但是越小越好。

Knee (Stifle): When dog is standing, should reach sufficiently forward so that it would touch a perpendicular line from point of hip to ground.

膝（膝關節）：當犬站立時，膝應盡量前伸，以至可達到由髖骨至地面的垂直線。

Lower thigh: Very muscular.

小腿：肌肉非常強健。

Hock: Strong and well defined but not exaggerated. Angle approximately 140 degrees.

跗關節：強健，非常明確，但並不誇張。角度約為140 度。

Metatarsus (Rear pasterns): Short with slight inclination, 95-100 degrees to the ground.

跖骨（後肢系部）：短，略傾斜，與地面成95-100 度。

Hind feet:Slightly longer than front feet, tight; well cushioned and hard pads.

後足：比前足略長，緊；足墊發達，足墊硬。

GAIT/MOVEMENT:

Lively, full of strength and nobility.

步態/動態：

非常有生氣，充滿力量，舉止高貴。

SKIN: Dry, elastic without any wrinkles.

皮膚：乾燥，富有彈性，沒有褶皺。

COAT:被毛

Hair:Short, hard, glossy and close fitting.

毛質：短，硬，有光澤，緊密。

Colour:

Fawn or brindle: Fawn comes in various shades from light fawn to dark deer red but the most attractive shades are in the middle range (red fawn). Black mask. The brindle variety: fawn background of varying shades has dark or black stripes running parallel to ribs. Stripes must contrast distinctly to ground color. White markings should not be discarded. They can be quite pleasant.

毛色:

淡褐色或者虎斑色：淡褐色包括各種色度，由淺淡褐色至深鹿紅色，但是最受歡迎的色度應為中間色（偏紅的淺黃褐色）。嘴部為黑色。虎斑色的變化為：各色度的淡黃褐色為基色的深或者黑色的條紋，這些條紋與肋骨平行。條紋應與基色調形成鮮明的對比。同時，不排除白色斑紋的存在。這些斑紋會很受歡迎。

SIZE AND WEIGHT:尺寸和體重

Ideal height at withers:

Dogs: 57-63 cm.

Females: 53-59 cm.

理想肩高：

公犬：57－63 厘米。

母犬：53－59 厘米。

Weight:

Dogs: over 30 kg when height at withers is ca 60 cm.Bitches: about 25 kg when height at withers is ca 56 cm.

體重：

當肩高約為60 厘米時，公犬：30 公斤以上。母犬：當肩高約為56厘米時, 約25公斤。

FAULTS:缺陷

Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare of the dog.

Behavior / Temperament: Lack of spirit.

Head: Lack of nobility and typical expression, somber face, Pinscher or Bulldog type head. Dribbling, showing of teeth or tongue. Muzzle too pointed or slight. Bridge of nose falling away. Leather or weather nose, pale nose leather. So called, 「hawk eye」, lack of pigment in haw. In uncropped ears: Flying, half erect or erect ears, rose ears. Wry jaw, slanting teeth, incorrect position of teeth, poorly developed teeth and unsound teeth due to illness.

Neck: Short, thick and throaty.

Body: Front too broad or low to the ground. Sagging body, roach or sway back. Lean, long, narrow, sagging loin, loosely coupled body. Arched loin, croup falling away. Narrow pelvis, hollow flanks, pendulous belly.

Tail: Low set on, kink tail.

Forequarters: French front, loose shoulders, loose elbows, weak pastern, hare foot, flat, splayed feet.

Hindquarters: Weak muscles. Too much or too little angulation, down on hocks, barrel hocks, cow hocks, narrow hocks, dewclaws, hare foot, flat, splayed feet.

Movement: Waddling, insufficient reach, pacing, stilted gait.

Color of coat: Mask extending beyond muzzle. Stripes (brindling) too close together or too sparse.

Sooty ground color. Mingled colors. Unattractive white markings such as an entirely white head or white on one side of the head. Other colors and white markings exceeding one third of the ground color.

任何與上述各點相背離的均視為缺陷，其缺陷的嚴重性嚴格地與其缺陷的程度和對犬只健康和福利帶來的影響成正比。

行為/秉性：缺少活力。

頭部：缺少高貴狀，無典型的表情，臉孔無生氣，賓莎犬或者英國鬥牛犬類型的頭。淌口水，顯露牙齒或者舌頭。口吻太尖或太小。鼻樑凹陷。皮革鼻或褪色鼻，鼻部皮膚蒼白。所謂的，「鷹眼」，缺少瞬膜的色素沉澱。未剪耳的：飛耳，半直立或直立耳玫瑰耳。歪的頜骨，傾斜的牙齒，不正確的牙齒的位置，牙齒髮育不健全，由於疾病導致不健康的牙齒。

頸部：短、厚而有贅肉。

身體：前面太寬，離地太近。身體下垂，背部拱起，或者擺動。腰部瘦，長，狹窄，下垂，腰部下垂，身體結合鬆散。拱形腰部，臀部下墜。骨盆窄，側腹淺，腹部下垂擺動。

尾巴：位置低，打結。

身體前部：身體前部的肉疏鬆，肩膀鬆軟，肘部無力，系骨軟弱，兔足，平足，八字形足。

後肢：肌肉不發達。角度過大或過小，跖部低，桶狀跖部，牛肢，狹窄跖部，狼爪，兔足，平足，或八字形足。

動態：蹣跚而行，伸展不自然，踱步，不自然的步態。

被毛顏色：面部的黑色斑紋超過了口吻。條紋與斑點太靠近或太分散。

基色為烏黑色。混合色。不美觀的白色斑紋，諸如，頭部全為白色，或者頭部一側為白色。其它顏色和白色斑紋超過基色的三分之一。

DISQUALIFYING FAULTS:失格缺陷

Aggressive or overly shy.

Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified.

有攻擊性或過於羞怯。