你的老師將會是機器人嗎？

世界上有些事情是很確定的：死亡和稅收，還有我們的工作最終將被機器人所取代。

There are a few certainties in this world: death, taxes, and that our jobs will eventually be taken by robots.

但是，一些行業比其他行業面臨更大的威脅，會計師應該感到擔憂，但是醫生和老師一定會好的嗎？

However, some professions are under greater threat than others. Accountants should probably worry. But doctors and teachers will be fine, surely?

即使是最複雜的演算法也無法捕捉這些職業所需要的細微差別，例如同情心，常識和情商？

Even the most sophisticated algorithm can』t capture the nuanced set of skills these professions require – compassion, common sense and emotional intelligence?

"非常有啟發性"的機器人將在未來十年開始接手教師的工作。

「Extraordinarily inspirational」 robots would begin taking on the work of teachers over the next ten years.

這將為全面推行伊頓這樣的私校教育提供可能性。

It will open up the possibility of an Eton-style education for all.

每個人都可以擁有最好的老師，而且完全是個性化的。你正在使用的軟體將在整個教育過程中與你同在。

Everyone can have the very best teacher and it"s completely personalised. The software you"re working with will be with you throughout your educational journey.

這些影響將超出我們在工業革命或者其他任何新技術領域所看到的。

The impact would be beyond anything that we"ve seen in the industrial revolution or since with any other new technology.

老師和機器人會一起工作。教師主要負責指導，不再簡單地做類似傳遞信息，測試和標記等的重複性任務。

Teachers and robots will work together. Teachers』 roles will become more pastoral, less focused on the repetitive tasks of imparting information, testing and marking.

如果我們不準備迎接即將來臨的人工智慧革命，那麼會存在風險，由於教師的大量短缺，人工智慧作為一種經濟上可行的替代方法，會替代老師完成大量的教育工作。

If we don』t plan for the oncoming AI revolution then there is a risk, that because of the massive shortage of teachers, that it will be seen to be an economically viable alternative to use artificially intelligent systems to do a significant amount of work that teachers do.

當我們想到機器人老師時，我們傾向於想像，一個站在課堂前面的像人一樣的機器人。

When we think of artificially intelligent teachers, we tend to picture a human-like physical robot standing at the front of the class.

這些技術正在開發，尤其針對幼童的。

Such technologies are among those being developed, particularly for very young children.

去年，新加坡的兩所幼兒園試用了由日本軟銀SoftBank機器人公司生產的兩個類人機器人Pepper和Nao，結果令人鼓舞。

Pepper and Nao, two humanoid robots made by Japanese company SoftBank Robotics, were trialled in two Singapore pre-schools last year with encouraging results.

Pepper能夠向孩子就剛剛聽到的故事提問題，例如，為他們提供多項選擇的答案，供他們在屏幕上進行選擇。

Pepper was able to question children about a story they had just heard, for example, offering multiple-choice answers for them to select on a screen.

被英國學校採用的AI技術，可能類似於聊天盒子（chatbot）那樣的應用程序，或者像亞馬遜的Alexa這樣的虛擬助理，可以識別和回應語言。

The first AI technology to be adopted by schools in the UK will be more similar to a chatbot application, or a virtual assistant such as Amazon』s Alexa that can recognise and respond to speech.

AI真正擅長教學的地方，在於數學和科學那樣的理工科目。與英語等科目有著開放性的話題不同，這些（計算類的科目）往往有著明確的答案。

Where AI really excels is in teaching Stem subjects such as maths and science. These tend to have a clear right answer, unlike subjects such as English where topics are open to different interpretations.

*STEM是由科學Science，技術Technology、工程Engineer和數學Mathematics 的英語首字母組成。

機器人可以教文學嗎？

Will a robot ever be able to teach literature?

有可能。現在不僅有可能捕捉到大量人們與技術互動的數據，還有在他們在世界各地漫遊的數據，這些數據是關於社交媒體，身體健康，大腦功能的。

It is possible now to capture a lot of data about people』s interactions with technology, but also as they』re wandering around in the world, so data about social media, about their physical wellbeing, about brain function.

這可以使用人工智慧演算法進行處理，更多地了解人的情緒健康，身體健康，甚至認知健康。而其中的一些可以用來吸引更多主觀領域的學生來參與。

That can be processed using AI algorithms to find out a lot more about that person』s emotional wellbeing, physical wellbeing, even cognitive wellbeing.And some of that could be used to engage students in some of those more subjective areas.

人工智慧教學的潛力超越了基本的數學和科學。

AI』s potential goes beyond just basic maths and science.

人工智慧將革新STEM科目的學習。在科學方面，AI將帶給年輕人更多參與實驗的方式，將超越我們目前可以做的任何事情。

It will transform Stem. In science, it will liberate young people to take part in experiments way beyond anything that we can do at the moment.

五到十年後，人工智慧將會應用於社會科學，而藝術和人文學科的應用將會在十到十五年之後，因為AI也可以通過與藝術中有關的演算法進行學習。

Social sciences will follow five to ten years later,and the arts and humanities ten to 15 years later, because there is learning which can be related by algorithms in the arts.

年輕人可以從三維（3D）的角度來看麥克白的場景，在課堂上用全息技術看看演員的表演。

Young people will be able to look at a scene from Macbeth in three dimensions, see holograms of actors performing in the middle of the class.

機器將能夠向學生提出探究性問題，使用語音識別來測試他們對正在發生的事情的理解以及他們的反應。

Machines will be able to ask probing questions of students to test their understanding of what"s happening, and their responses, using voice recognition.」

教師將同時成為的組織者，解釋者和最終評估者。

Teachers will become much more the overall organisers, the explainers, and ultimate evaluators of progress.

大量繁重的教學工作將會由機器人進行，機器人與人之間會進行一對一的教育輔導。

A lot of the heavy lifting of the primary work of teaching will take place on a one-to-one instructional basis, between the individual and the machine.

美國技術已經發展得比較成熟，學生30%的時間使用人工智慧的電腦學習。

Experience from the US, where some of this technology is being developed, is that covering basic material on a computer using AI takes up around 30 percent of a student』s day.

學生剩餘70%的時間由老師教學，老師組織討論，活動，一對一答疑。

That leaves 70 percent of the time for teaching staff to organise discussions, activities, one-to-one sessions with students.

人工智慧還可以幫助學校面臨越來越令人擔憂的問題：學生的心理健康問題。

Artificial intelligence could also help with an increasingly worrying problem facing schools: students』 mental health.

最近一份政府資助的研究發現，多達四分之一的14歲的少女如今患有抑鬱症。

A recent government-funded study found as many as one in four teenage girls now suffer from depression by the age of 14.

人工智慧可以幫助人們更好地了解自己。系統可以標記青少年的心理狀態，及時發現問題，在問題變得太糟糕之前解決掉。

We could be building systems to help people understand themselves better – to see the signals of problems coming their way in terms of their mental wellbeing and flag them up to somebody who can help them before it gets too bad.

但是，收集這些敏感數據，特別是關於兒童的問題，存在著巨大的倫理問題。

But of course, there are huge ethical concerns surrounding the collection of such sensitive data, particularly about children.

利用機器人學習，是否會損害教師與學生之間的人際關係？

Could the shift to learning from machines also harm the very human connection that exists between a teacher and a student?

老師從學生的成敗得失中得到動力，在學術上鼓勵學生。一個機器人可以有同樣的效果嗎？

As teachers have something to gain or lose from a child』s success or failure they are motivated to push them academically – can a robot ever have the same effect?

也許在情感上，只有老師才能與學生產生共鳴。

Probably the real emotional empathy will be in the relationship with the teacher.

隨著技術的進步，低技術人員將重新分配到不容易受計算機化影響的任務中，例如需要創新的和社交的任務。

為了能在職業競爭中取勝，他們必須掌握更多的創意和社交技能。

人工智慧，將不再是科幻小說，在越來越多的領域，人工智慧正在快速超越人類，如果你不去改變，只能面臨被社會淘汰的結局。科技發展會讓未來的世界更加便捷，但同時會更有挑戰性。

未來已來。

真正的穩定，是你在風暴來臨前，未雨綢繆，抓住機會學習，提高認知，野蠻生長。

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