余宏傑教授課題組在手足口病病原譜和標本診斷價值領域取得新進展
近日,來自國家CDC和復旦大學余宏傑教授課題組在手足口病的病原譜和臨床標本病原學診斷價值領域取得新進展。4月24日,研究成果以「Spectrum of Enterovirus Serotypes Causing Uncomplicated Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease and Enteroviral diagnostic yield of different clinical samples」為題在線發表於《臨床傳染病》(Clinical Infectious Diseases)。
手足口病是由多種腸道病毒血清型引起的兒童常見傳染病,以EV-A71和CV-A16多見。目前學術界對腸道病毒病原學檢測的常用臨床標本包括咽拭子、糞便和肛拭子等,但少有對引起手足口病的腸道病毒不同血清型的病原譜和其病原學診斷價值進行全面系統研究。
針對此,余宏傑教授課題組開展了一項基於醫院的手足口病病原學研究,納入了2836例手足口病住院病例,深入調查了腸道病毒的完整病原譜,研究了不同腸道病毒血清型在多個流行季節的流行病學特徵,並評估不同類型臨床標本的病原學診斷價值。
研究結果表明,85%的病例腸道病毒檢測陽性,共鑒定出17種血清型,常見血清型包括CV-A16(29%)、CV-A6(28%)、EV-A71(17%)、CV-A10(4%)和CV-A4(2%)。CV-A6、CV-A10和CV-A4感染病例的年齡(中位數12月齡, IQR 12-24月齡)低於EV-A71和CV-A16 感染病例 (中位數24月齡,IQR 12-36月齡, p≤0.05)。除 CV-A6外,其餘血清型均有明顯的季節性,在4-6月流行強度最強。
圖1:手足口病住院病例流行曲線和腸道病毒血清型分布
不同類型臨床標本的病原學診斷評估結果顯示,糞便的檢測陽性率最高(89%),其次是肛拭子(79%)和咽拭子(74%)。如果兩種標本組合檢測,陽性率有所上升:先檢測糞便,如陰性再檢測咽拭子,腸道病毒陽性率可達93%;先檢測肛拭子,如陰性再檢測咽拭子,陽性率可達89%(圖2)。
圖2 :不同類型臨床標本的腸道病毒檢測陽性率
該研究對輕症手足口病的病原譜進行了全面、系統的研究,比較了CV-A6、CV-A16、EV-A71、CV-A10和CV-A4感染病例的年齡分布、流行強度和季節性的差異,研究結果為EV-A71疫苗免疫前後的手足口病病原學特徵比較提供了重要基線。不同類型臨床標本診斷價值的研究結果也為腸道病毒病原學診斷的採樣策略提供重要參考依據。
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) represents a substantial disease burden in the Western Pacific region. We investigated the spectrum of causative enteroviruses of HFMD, and evaluated different clinical samples" diagnostic yield for enteroviruses.
METHODS:
We enrolled pediatric patients hospitalized for HFMD among six hospitals in Anhua County, Hunan Province, China between October 2013 and September 2016. Throat swabs and stool samples (or rectal swabs) were collected to detect the enterovirus serotypes by real time RT-PCR or nested PCR.
RESULTS:
Among the 2,836 patients only one developed severe illness. Seventeen serotypes were identified in 2,401 patients (85%), with the most frequently detected being CV-A16 (29%, 814), CV-A6 (28%, 784), EV-A71 (17%, 491), CV-A10 (4%, 114), and CV-A4 (2%, 53). Children were younger in CV-A6, CV-A10, and CV-A4 infections (median 12 months, IQR 12-24 months) than EV-A71 and CV-A16 infections (median 24 months, IQR 12-36 months, pCONCLUSIONS:
Our results provide a virological benchmark for future surveillance and diagnostics. Continuous comprehensive virological surveillance is essential, especially after implementation of the EV-A71 vaccine in China, to monitor serotype replacement and the impact of EV-A71 vaccine.
來源:復旦大學,
本期編輯:Tony,Clinical Infectious Diseases


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