秋田犬 FCI國際純種犬標準

註：該標準中文版翻譯自FCI國際純種犬標準英文版，已發佈於CKU官網-犬種百科

02.04.2001/EN

FCI-國際純種犬標準第 255 號

AKITA

秋田犬

本圖片不一定代表該犬種的理想例子

ORIGIN:Japan.

起源：日本

Date of acceptance on a definitive basis by the FCI: 3/13/1964

FCI正式認可日期：1964年3月13日

DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE OFFICIAL VALID STANDARD:13.03.2001.

正式生效標準發布日期：2001年3月13日

UTILIZATION:Companion dog.

用途：伴侶犬。

FCI-CLASSIFICATION:

Group 5 Spitz and primitive type.

Section 5 Asian Spitz and related breeds.

Without working trial.

FCI分組：

第5組：尖嘴犬和原始犬種組

第5類：亞洲尖嘴犬及相關犬種

無需工作犬測試

BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY:

Originally Japanese dogs were small to medium in size and no large breeds existed. Since 1603 in the Akita region, Akita Matagis (medium-sized bear-huntingdogs) were used as fighting dogs. From 1868 Akita Matagis were crossed with Tosas and Mastiffs. Consequently, the size of this breed increased but characteristics associated with Spitz type werelost. In 1908 dog fighting was prohibited, but this breed was nevertheless preserved and improved as a large Japanese breed. As a result, nine superior examples of this breed were designated as ? Natural Monuments ? in 1931.

During World War II (1939-1945), it was common to use dogs as a source of fur for military garments. The police ordered the capture and confiscation of all dogs other than German Shepherd Dogs used for military purposes. Some fanciers tried to circumvent the order bycrossbreeding their dogs with German Shepherd Dogs.

When World War II ended, Akitas had been drastically reduced in number and existed as three distinct types; 1) Matagi Akitas, 2) fighting Akitas, and 3) Shepherd Akitas. This created a veryconfusing situation in the breed.

During the restoration process of the pure breed after the war., Kongo-go, a dog of the Dewa line, which exhibited characteristics of the Mastiff and German Shepherd.

However, sensible learned fanciers did not approve of this type as a proper Japanese breed, so they made efforts to eliminate the strain old foreign breeds by crossbreeding with Matagi Akitas for the purpose of restoring the original pure breed. They succeeded in stabilizing the pure strain of large sized breed as known today.

歷史梗概：

最初日本犬為小型至中型犬,沒有大型犬種。從1603年,在秋田地區的Matgis秋田(中等體型的獵熊犬)被用作鬥犬使用。1868年以後，秋田與土佐犬和獒犬雜交。於是，此犬種的體型變大，但是喪失了尖嘴犬的特徵。

1908年，鬥犬被禁止，然而這個品種得到了保存並改良為大型日本犬種。由此，此犬種中9個優良的犬於1931年被政府定為「天然紀念物」。

二戰期間（1935-1945），用狗的皮毛製成軍用服裝是常見的。為了軍事目的，警察命令捕獲除德國牧羊犬以外的所有狗。一些愛好者用他們的狗和德國牧羊犬雜交來迴避這項法令。

二戰結束時，秋田犬數量劇減，並存在三種完全不同的類型1）matagi 秋田犬，2）鬥犬秋田，3）牧羊秋田。這引起了非常混亂的局面。

戰後，純種犬修復過程中，Kongo-go，一條Dewa血系的狗，展現出獒犬和德國牧羊犬的特性，當時受到極大的歡迎。然而，明智的愛好者不認可這種類型能夠代表日本犬種。因此，為了得到原先的純種犬，他們通過和Matgi秋田犬雜交儘力消除外來犬種的血統。他們成功的穩固了如今人們所熟知的這個大型犬的純正特點。

GENERAL APPEARANCE:

Large-sized dog, sturdily built, well balanced and with much substance ; secondary sex characteristics strongly marked, with high nobility and dignity in modesty ; constitution tough.

整體外貌：

體形大、強健，有很好的平衡性；第二性徵明顯，具有高貴和謙遜的氣質；體格強壯。

IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS:

The ratio of height at withers to length of body ( from the point of the shoulders to the point of the buttock) is 10 : 11, but the body is slightly longer in bitches than in dogs.

重要比例：

體高和體長的（從肩的一點到臀部一點）比例為10：11，雌犬的體長相對長一些。

BEHAVIOUR/TEMPERAMENT:

The temperament is composed, faithful, docile and receptive.

行為/秉性：

忠誠，溫馴和機敏。

HEAD:頭部

CRANIAL REGION:顱部區域

Skull:The size is in proportion to the body. The forehead is broad, with distinct furrow. No wrinkle.

頭骨：頭部與身體勻稱。額頭寬闊，帶有明顯的凹痕。無皺紋。

Stop:Defined.

額段：明顯。

FACIAL REGION:面部區域

Nose:Large and black. Slight and diffuse lack of pigment accepted in white dogs only, but black is always preferred.

鼻：鼻大，呈黑色。少量和分散的色素沉著僅在白色的狗接受，總是以黑色為佳。

Muzzle:

Moderately long and strong with broad base, tapering but not pointed. Nasal bridge straight.

口吻：

中等長度，結實，基部寬，逐漸變窄但不尖。鼻樑直。

Jaws/Teeth:Teeth strong with scissor bite.

頜/齒：牙齒堅固，為剪狀咬合。

Lips: Tight.

唇：緊。

Cheeks: Moderately developed.

臉頰：飽滿。

Eyes:Relatively small, almost triangular in shape due to the rising of the outer eye corner, set moderately apart, dark brown : the darker, the better.

眼睛：相對較小，由於外眼角上吊，眼睛幾乎呈三角行，眼距適中，深褐色；眼睛顏色越深越好。

Ears:Relatively small, thick, triangular, slightly rounded at tips, set moderately apart, pricked and inclining forward.

耳朵：相對小、厚、呈三角形，耳尖微圓。耳距適中、直立且向前傾。

NECK:Thick and muscular, without dewlap, in balance with head.

頸部：頸部粗且肌肉發達，無垂肉。協調。

BODY:軀幹

Back:Straight and strong.

背：直、強壯。

Loin: Broad and muscular.

腰：寬闊、肌肉發達。

Chest:Deep, forechest well developed, ribs moderately well sprung.

胸：深、前胸發達，肋骨擴張良好。

Belly: Well drawn up.

腹部：緊收。

TAIL:Set on high, thick, carried vigorously curled over back ; the tip nearly reaching hocks when let down.

尾：位置高，厚，尾向背部捲曲，尾部放下時尾尖達後腿飛節。

LIMBS:四肢

FOREQUARTERS:前軀

Shoulders:Moderately sloping and developed.

肩：肩適度傾斜。

Elbows:Tight.

肘：緊。

Forearms:Straight and heavy-boned.

前臂：直且骨量大。

LIMBS:四肢

HINDQUARTERS: 後軀

General appearance:

Well developed, strong and moderately angulated.

整體外觀：

發育良好,強健,角度適中。

Feet:Thick, round, arched and tight.

足：厚，圓，拱起且緊湊。

GAIT/MOVEMENT:

Resilient and powerful movement.

步態/動態：

有彈性、有力的步態。

COAT:被毛

Hair:Outer coat harsh and straight, undercoat soft and dense ; the withers and the rump are covered with slightly longer hair ; the hair on tail is longer than on the rest of the body.

毛質：外部被毛粗且直，底層絨毛柔軟濃密。馬肩隆和大腿部的被毛略長；尾部的被毛比身體其他部位毛長。

Colour:

Red fawn, sesame (red fawn hairs with black tips), brindle and white. All the above mentioned colours except white must have ? urajiro ?. (Urajiro = whitish coat on the sides of the muzzle, on the cheeks, on the underside of jaw, neck, chest, body and tail and on the inside ofthe legs).

毛色:

紅褐色、麻色(紅褐色略帶黑點)、虎斑和白色。除白色外，其它顏色必須有Urajiro。

(Urajiro)：吻部、頰部、下頜部、頸部、胸部、軀幹和尾部內側以及腿部內側都有白色被毛。

SIZE:尺寸

Height at the withers:

Dogs : 67 cm,

bitches : 61 cm.

There is a tolerance of 3 cm more or less.

肩高：

公犬：67 厘米。

母犬：61 厘米。

個體比例允許上下3厘米差值。

FAULTS:缺陷

Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare of the dog.

Bitchy dogs / doggy bitches.

Undershot or overshot mouth.

Missing teeth.

Blue or black spotted tongue.

Iris light in colour.

Short tail.

Shyness.

任何與上述各點相背離的均視為缺陷，其缺陷的嚴重性嚴格地與其缺陷的程度和對犬只健康和福利帶來的影響成正比。

雄性雌性化/雌性雄性化

缺牙。

藍色或黑色斑點樣舌。

虹膜色淡。

尾巴：位置低，打結。

短尾。

生性羞怯。

DISQUALIFYING FAULTS:失格缺陷

Aggressive or overly shy.

Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified.

Ears not pricked.

Hanging tail.

Long hair (shaggy).

Black mask.

Markings on white ground.

有攻擊性或過於羞怯。

任何身體和行為有明顯異常的犬都為失格。

耳朵不立。

尾巴懸垂。

長被毛（蓬鬆）。

黑面罩。

白色斑紋的底毛。

N.B.：

Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fullydescended into the scrotum.

Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with breed typicalconformation, should be used for breeding.

注：

公犬具備兩個明顯正常且完全置於陰囊的睾丸

只有身體機能以及臨床表現健康的，具備典型犬種結構的犬只，才可用於繁殖。

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