中國學者發現新病原——一種新型蜱傳白蛉病毒！

導 讀

近日，著名學術期刊Nature子刊Emerging Microbes & Infections刊登了中科院武漢病毒所鄧菲研究員、新疆大學生命科學與技術學院Surong Sun及新疆維吾爾自治區疾控中心Yujiang Zhang合作的課題組的論文，如下圖。該研究首次揭示了一種新型蜱傳白蛉病毒——古爾圖病毒是動物與人的潛在病原，強調了在新疆和其他地區對其進一步研究和監測的必要性。

背景介紹

近年來隨著蜱傳病毒疾病（tick-borne viruses，TBVs）的增加和對人類健康的威脅，TBVs近年備受關注。如在東亞和美國，嚴重發熱伴血小板減少綜合征病毒(SFTSV)和腹地病毒(HRTV)感染可引起人類嚴重疾病並可致死。SFTSV病毒最早於中國分離（N. Engl. J. Med. 364, 1523–1532），隨後該病毒在日本和韓國發現。

研究內容

本研究中，研究人員從中國新疆草原革蜱上首次分離和鑒定出稱為古爾圖病毒(Guertuvirus,GTV)的一種新型蜱傳白蛉病毒，先前新疆地區從未發現過蜱傳白蛉病毒。

基因組測序和進化分析顯示古爾圖病毒與SFTSV和HRTV相近。對GTV性能的體內和體外研究表明它能夠感染動物和人類細胞系且能抑制Ⅰ型干擾素信號，藉助SFTSV微複製子系統，將GTV核蛋白替換SFTSV的核蛋白後，體外拯救依然成功，GTV感染可以引起小鼠的病理學損傷。血清學調查結果顯示，生活在新疆古爾圖鎮的個人的血清標本中，有三人有特異的中和抗體，這表明GTV可以感染人類。

Fig. 1 GTV isolation from ticks and EM analysis of viral particles.

Fig. 2 The ML phylogenetic tree of phleboviruses built based on the complete sequences of the L (a), M (b), and S (c) segments.

研究意義

這項研究表明古爾圖病毒是可對動物和人類造成潛在威脅的一種病原，研究者建議在新疆省和其他地區對GTV實施進一步的研究和監測。

DOI

10.1038/s41426-018-0093-2

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Abstract

Tick-borne viral diseases have attracted much attention in recent years because of their increasing incidence and threat to human health. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome phlebovirus (SFTSV) and Heartland virus (HRTV) were recently identified as tick-borne phleboviruses (TBPVs) in Asia and the United States, respectively, and are associated with severe human diseases with similar clinical manifestations. In this study, we report the first identification and isolation of a novel TBPV named Guertu virus (GTV) fromDermacentor nuttalliticks in Xinjiang Province, China, where TBPVs had not been previously discovered. Genome sequence and phylogenetic analyses showed that GTV is closely related to SFTSV and HRTV and was classified as a member of the genusPhlebovirus, familyPhenuiviridae, orderBunyavirales. In vitro and in vivo investigations of the properties of GTV demonstrated that it was able to infect animal and human cell lines and can suppress type I interferon signaling, similar to SFTSV, that GTV nucleoprotein (NP) can rescue SFTSV replication by replacing SFTSV NP, and that GTV infection can cause pathological lesions in mice. Moreover, a serological survey identified antibodies against GTV from serum samples of individuals living in Guertu County, three of which contained neutralizing antibodies, suggesting that GTV can infect humans. Our findings suggested that this virus is a potential pathogen that poses a threat to animals and humans. Further studies and surveillance of GTV are recommended to be carried out in Xinjiang Province as well as in other locations.

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