人工智慧取代人類？批判性思維說：不可能！

最新 06-03

PA天才學院一直強調培養孩子的「批判性思維」，為什麼這項能力這麼重要？我們拿最近的Google「造人」舉個例子。

相比Apple Siri和Microsoft Cortana只能機械式對話的語音互動，Google Assistant完全顛覆了人們的認知。

Google Assistant不僅能聽的懂人話，而且，Ta可以無障礙和人溝通。

發布會上，用戶對Google Assistant說：我想剪頭髮。Google Assistant接受指令後直接幫你電話預約。

整段對話，Google Assistant表現的自然流暢，理髮店那頭絲毫沒有察覺到自己竟然是在和AI對話。

GIF

難以置信！AI在與真人的對話中絲毫沒有出現任何滯後和邏輯錯誤！

Google Assistant甚至還能幫你預訂餐館、影院、旅行社…媲美私人智能管家。

它更厲害的地方還在於：可以通過學習，像一個發小/閨蜜/老友那樣陪你聊天，同時實現多線處理。

人工智慧，不再是科幻小說，在越來越多的領域，人工智慧正在快速超越人類，逐步掌控我們的生活。這也意味著，倘若你不去改變，就只能被社會淘汰，就只能失業。

因此，批判性思維的培養就顯得尤為重要！在PA課堂中，通過老師的引導，孩子們學會了從不同角度思考問題，培養了孩子們解決問題的能力。

那麼當面對人類的飯碗即將被人工智慧說取代時，怎樣才能不被社會所淘汰呢？我們來看一看Neil老師是如何看待的。（文章結尾附有Neil老師英文原文）

認知和能力

高科技的未來時代以匆忙的速度降臨，學生們都很想努力的跟上最新的技術就業前景。我經常會問學生，他們未來的職業目標和規劃是什麼，很多學生對視頻遊戲設計，網頁設計，計算機編程或互聯網技術有興趣。

當然，這些職業都非常有趣，也很有意義。然而，我們現在面對一個很現實的問題：當下被用作基礎設施的技術和工作種類在未來可能會消失。如果人工智慧和計算機技術的進步日新月異，我們又該如何規劃未來的職業呢？

答案很簡單：所有的科技公司想找的人，並不是專門研究某一特定軟體或專門從事小眾程序設計語言的畢業生，他們尋求的是具有創造力思維的，能夠適應市場趨勢的，和能夠真正解決問題的人。

為什麼批判性思考很重要?

去年，我帶我的學生JL去面試美國頂級寄宿高中。當我們參觀校園時，招生官員轉向JL問他：「如果你不知道將來有什麼工作可供選擇時，你會如何規劃自己的未來？」這正是我們PA天才學院最關注的問題，我們希望學生在各種不同領域的專業知識中培養出可遷徙的通用技能。

JL非常自信地回答了這個問題，而他的自信是來自於他長久地深入地浸泡在PA天才學院的哲學思維中，用批判的眼光來思考問題，用分析的方法來解決問題。幾乎所有大公司都希望能夠聘用這類員工，在現實社會中可以看到很多這樣的實例。

例如，谷歌等公司的招聘經理明確闡述了他們招聘新員工的方法：

「他們（谷歌招聘經理）就像一面客觀的鏡子，他們希望看到這個人是否符合某個職位要求，同時，從整體和長遠的角度看，這個人能否很好的融入公司和集體。」

「對於像谷歌這樣的公司來說，員工能夠在不同的團隊和角色之間相互切換是非常重要的。事實上，因為職位需求在不斷變化，谷歌非常重視能夠真正解決問題的人，以及對職位的相關知識具有『普遍認知能力』的人。」

如何提高工作技能？

通過學習英美文學、歷史、寫作，PA天才學院的導師著重培養學生的分析思維力，而這個能力就是為了鍛煉和提高以上提到的各項工作技能。

另外，PA天才學院還為深圳和矽谷的高科技公司提供實習機會，學生可親眼目睹這些在一線工作的人是如何運用各種技能的。我們還帶學生去參加比如騰訊公司等高科技公司的參觀活動，藉此機會學生也可以審視自己是否真的想把這個職業當作自己的終生追求。

一個擁有強大批判性思維的人，應該是有能力去對你的未來事業作出正確的判斷，而不僅僅只是停留在對職業的片面看法上。通常情況下，學生經過短暫的參觀接觸，親眼目睹了高科技工作或視頻遊戲設計的真實面目之後，意識到高科技工作並不像他們以為的那樣有魅力，於是會考慮選擇不同的學習和職業道路。

綜上所述，我們都很清楚，隨著時間的推移，世界的技術發展速度只會越來越快。最終經過全面的考慮，包括Google這樣的高科技公司尋覓的都是真正的問題解決者，而不是某個特定的小眾技術專家。

如果你能學會批判性地思考問題、解決問題，當然就可以學會在技術工作中操作最新的編程軟體，甚至更好地改進現有的軟體、甚至創造屬於自己的軟體。

所以每個人都應該去學習有利於自己未來發展的各項技能，而批判性思考能力正正是PA天才學院的教育宗旨，也是重中之重。

（Neil 老師英文原文，向上滑動查看內容）

As the future descends upon us at a hurried pace, students are struggling to keep up with the latest job prospects in technology. I often ask students what their future career goals might be and regularly, they tell me they want to go into video game design, web design, computer programming or internet technology. All of these are interesting options that could prove to be meaningful careers. However, there is one glaring problem with this decision: the jobs of today and the technology being used as infrastructure will not necessarily be around in the future. How can one plan a future career when advances in AI and computer technology improve on a day to day basis? The answer is quite simple: most tech companies aren』t looking to hire graduates who studied a particular software or specialized in a niche programming language, they seek graduates who are creative thinkers; people who are able to adapt to market trends and those who can problem solve analytically.

Last year, I went with a student, JL, on his visit to The Bolles school in Florida. As we were touring the school campus, the admission officer turned to JL, then asked him 「how do you plan for the future when you don』t know what jobs are going to be available?」 This is what we focus on at Prodigy Academy. We want our students to develop transferable skills across many different fields of expertise. JL was able to answer the question confidently because he was well immersed in the Prodigy Academy philosophy of learning to think critically and be an analytical problem solver. All major companies look to hire these kinds of graduates. But you don』t need to take my word for it. There are plenty of examples to be seen in the real world.

Hiring managers at companies like Google, for example, explicitly outline their approach to new hires in this way:

「They (Google hiring managers) are like a layer of objectivity and they"re looking to see does this person match the qualification for this immediate role at hand," says the lead recruiter. "Also, are they gonna be a good fit for the organization as a whole for the longer term.

This is particularly important for a company like Google in which employees jump from team to team and from role to role. In fact, Google says that the company values applicants who are problem-solvers and who have a "general cognitive ability" over role-related knowledge because positions are constantly shifting.」

Studying English and American literature, history, and writing, where our mentors emphasize analytical thinking, proves to be just one way to sharpen those skills that employers seek and will continue to look for in the future. Not to mention, Prodigy Academy also provides internship opportunities at high tech companies in Shenzhen and Silicon Valley where students can witness, first-hand, people employing those skills in the job sector. We also take students on tours of major high-tech companies like Tencent or QQ to see if students truly want to pursue a tech-related role as they progress with their studies. Part of being a strong critical thinker extends to making good judgments about your future based on experience rather than the perception of what a career simply appears to be. More often than not, after brief exposure to the real nature of tech jobs or video game design, students opt for a different career or study path because tech jobs are not as glamorous as they first seemed.

All of this is to say that the world』s technological pace of development will only increase over time. This much is obvious. At the end of the day, even high tech companies like Google want problem solvers as opposed to specific, niche-oriented tech gurus. If you can learn to think critically and solve problems, you can certainly learn to use the latest programming software in your tech job or, even better, maybe improve on an available software or create your own. Learn skills that will benefit your future. At Prodigy Academy, we teach specifialy those skills.