Odilon Redon奧迪隆·雷東

Odilon Redon was a French symbolist painter, printmaker, draughtsman and pastellist. Odilon Redon was born in Bordeaux, Aquitaine, to a prosperous family. The young Bertrand-Jean Redon acquired the nickname "Odilon" from his mother, Odile.

奧迪隆·雷東是法國象徵主義畫家, 版畫家, 製圖員和粉筆畫家。奧迪隆·雷東生於波爾多, 有一個興旺的家庭。年輕的雷東從母親奧迪爾那裡獲得了乳名 "奧迪隆"

Redon started drawing as a child; and, at the age of ten, he was awarded a drawing prize at school. He began the formal study of drawing at fifteen; but, at his father"s insistence, he changed to architecture. Failure to pass the entrance exams at Paris』 école des Beaux-Arts ended any plans for a career as an architect, although he briefly studied painting there under Jean-Léon Gér?me in 1864.

雷東開始畫畫作為一個孩子;在十歲的時候, 他在學校獲得了繪畫獎。他開始正式研究繪畫在十五;但是, 在他父親的堅持下, 他改學了建築。在巴黎的高等藝術學院的入學考試未能通過, 於是放棄了一切關於建築師的事業。但是他在1864年師從讓－里奧 傑洛姆，簡單地研究過繪畫。

Back in his native Bordeaux, he took up sculpting, and Rodolphe Bresdin instructed him in etching and lithography.

His artistic career was interrupted in 1870 when he joined the army to serve in the Franco-Prussian War. At the end of the war, he moved to Paris and resumed working almost exclusively in charcoal and lithography. He called his visionary works, conceived in shades of black, his noirs.

回到他的家鄉波爾多, 他開始雕刻, 由魯道夫·阿達達 Bresdin 指導他製作銅版畫和石版畫。

他的藝術事業在1870年被中斷了, 當他參軍在佛朗哥普魯士人的戰爭服役。戰爭結束時, 他搬到巴黎, 恢復了幾乎只有炭畫和石板畫的工作。他稱他夢幻的作品, 由黑色的陰影構成, 具有悲觀的色彩。

It was not until 1878 that his work gained any recognition with Guardian Spirit of the Waters; he published his first album of lithographs, titled Dans le Rêve, in 1879. Still, Redon remained relatively unknown until the appearance in 1884 of a cult novel by Joris-Karl Huysmans titled "à rebours" (Against Nature). The story featured a decadent aristocrat who collected Redon"s drawings.

In the 1890s pastel and oils became his favored media; he produced no more noirs after 1900.

直到 1878, 他的作品才獲得了對水的守護精神的認可;1879年他出版了他的第一張專輯版畫, 標題為 Dans le Rêve 。儘管如此,相對於其他藝術家人們對雷東仍然是知之甚少的, 直到1884年出現的由 Joris-Karl Huysmans 命名為的宗教小說"背道而馳" (反自然)。故事主要是描寫了一個頹廢的貴族收集雷東的圖紙。

在十九世紀九十年代粉彩和油成為了他的喜愛的媒介;1900年以後, 他不再悲觀。

In 1899, he exhibited with the Nabis at Durand-Ruel"s. Redon had a keen interest in Hindu and Buddhist religion and culture. The figure of the Buddha increasingly showed in his work. Influences of Japonism blended into his art, such as the painting "The Death of the Buddha" around 1899, "The Buddha" in 1906, Jacob and the "Angel" in 1905, and "Vase with Japanese warrior" in 1905, amongst many others.

在 1899年, 他參加了在杜蘭德-魯埃爾的納比派展出。雷東對印度教和佛教的宗教和文化有著濃厚的興趣。佛陀的身影在他的作品中日益顯現。日本風格的影響混合到他的藝術, 如繪畫 "佛的死亡" （大約 1899）, "佛陀" （ 1906年）, 雅各和1905年創作的 "天使", 和 "花瓶與日本勇士" （1905年）, 等等。

Baron Robert de Domecy (1867–1946) commissioned the artist in 1899 to create 17 decorative panels for the dining room of the Chateau de Domecy-sur-le-Vault near Sermizelles in Burgundy. Redon had created large decorative works for private residences in the past, but his compositions for the chateau de Domecy in 1900–1901 were his most radical compositions to that point and mark the transition from ornamental to abstract painting. The landscape details do not show a specific place or space. Only details of trees, twigs with leaves, and budding flowers in an endless horizon can be seen. The colours used are mostly yellow, grey, brown and light blue. The influence of the Japanese painting style found on folding screens byōbu is discernible in his choice of colours and the rectangular proportions of most of the up to 2.5 metres high panels. Fifteen of them are located today in the Musée d"Orsay, acquisitioned in 1988.

男爵羅伯特 de Domecy (1867–1946) 在1899年委託藝術家為在勃艮第 Sermizelles 附近的 Domecy 城堡的餐廳創作17塊裝飾面板。雷東在過去為私人住宅創作過大型裝飾工程, 但他在1900–1901的 Domecy 城堡的作品是他最激進的作品, 標誌著從裝飾繪畫到抽象繪畫的過渡。畫面細節不顯示特定的地方或空間。可以看到只有樹木的細節, 枝葉和萌芽的花朵在無盡的地平線上。使用的顏色主要是黃色, 灰色, 棕色和淺藍色。日本繪畫風格的影響在摺疊的屏風 byōbu 上從他的選擇顏色和長方形比例都是可以看見的。其中十五塊今天位於奧賽博物館（ 收購於1988年）。

Domecy also commissioned Redon to paint portraits of his wife and their daughter Jeanne, two of which are in the collections of the Musée d"Orsay and the Getty Museum in California. Most of the paintings remained in the Domecy family collection until the 1960s. In 1903 Redon was awarded the Legion of Honor. His popularity increased when a catalogue of etchings and lithographs was published by André Mellerio in 1913; that same year, he was given the largest single representation at the New York Armory Show, in Utica, New York.

男爵Domecy 還委託雷東畫他的妻子和女兒珍妮的肖像, 其中兩幅是在奧賽博物館和加州格蒂博物館收藏。大部分的畫作一直留在 Domecy 家族收藏, 直到二十世紀六十年代。在1903年雷東被授予了榮譽軍團。當一個銅板畫和石版畫的系列作品被默蘭瑞出版的於 1913年，他的聲望增加了。同年, 他被授予為紐約尤蒂卡軍械展最大的唯一代表。

Redon died on July 6, 1916. In 1923 Mellerio published Odilon Redon: Peintre Dessinateur et Graveur. An archive of Mellerio"s papers is held by the Ryerson & Burnham Libraries at the Art Institute of Chicago.

雷東於1916年7月6日去世。在 1923年 Mellerio 出版了奧迪隆·雷東: Peintre Dessinateur et Graveur（職業畫家）。默蘭瑞的著作由芝加哥藝術學院的瑞爾森圖書館持有。

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