德國短毛指示獵犬 FCI國際純種犬標準

寵物 06-23

註：該標準中文版翻譯自FCI國際純種犬標準英文版，已發佈於CKU官網-犬種百科

25.04.2011/ EN

FCI-國際純種犬標準第 119 號

GERMAN SHORTHAIRED POINTING DOG(Deutsch Kurzhaar)

德國短毛指示獵犬

本圖片不一定代表該犬種的理想例子

ORIGIN:Germany.

起源：德國

Date of acceptance on a definitive basis by the FCI: 1/1/1954

FCI正式認可日期：1954年1月1日

DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE OFFICIAL VALID STANDARD:25.10.2000.

正式生效標準發布日期：2000年10月25日

UTILIZATION:Versatile hunting dog.

用途：多功能獵犬

FCI-CLASSIFICATION:

Group 7 Pointing Dogs.

Section 1.1 Continental PointingDogs ? Braque ? Type.

With working trial.

FCI分組：

第七組：指示犬組

第1.1類：大陸指示犬「布拉克」型

有工作測試

BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY:

The history of the German Shorthaired Pointing Dog starts with the dogs which were used for the hunt with nets on feathered game, especially in the Mediterranean countries, and in combination with falconry. Via France, Spain and Flanders the Pointers came to the German courts. The most important distinctive feature of these dogs was their pointing performance. After the first double-barreled gun was made (1750), a pointing dog was even more required. In full sight of the dog ? game birds in flight ? were shot. That was the beginning of the transition from a mere pointer to a versatile gundog. As a fundamental basis for the structure and development of the breed the ? Zuchtbuch Deutsch-Kurzhaar ? (Studbook) has been published since 1897. It was Prince Albrecht Zu Solms-Braunfeld who compiled breed characteristics, judging rules for conformation and finally also simple trial regulations for hunting dogs. Today the German Shorthaired Pointing Dog still passes through the filter of elaborated breeding- and trial regulations. The standard stipulates the consitution of the German Shorthaired Pointing Dog, as a versatile hunting dog, which enables him to perform all requirements in connection with hunting activities, even when advanced in age.

歷史沿革：

德國短毛指示犬的歷史是從用網捕鳥開始的，特別是在地中海國家，通常與獵鷹結合使用。經由法國，西班牙和佛蘭德斯地區，指示犬傳到德國。這類犬最為顯著的特徵是它們的指示能力。在第一隻雙筒獵槍問世之後（1750），人們對指示犬的需求大大增加。德國短毛指示犬不再僅僅可以獵取飛行中的鳥類，而是開始從單一的指示犬轉變成多用途獵犬。作為該犬種結構和發展的基礎，德國短毛指示犬俱樂部於1897年出版了血統簿。Albrecht Zu Solms-Braunfeld王子編寫了犬種特徵，對其結構形態的執裁規則以及簡單的狩獵犬工作測試規則。今天，合格的德國短毛指示犬依舊需要通過縝密的繁殖和工作測試規定。犬種標準規定了德國短毛指示犬作為一種多功能狩獵犬的必備素質，這些都與相關狩獵活動中所需要求緊密相連，甚至可以保證年齡大的犬只也能勝任。

GENERAL APPEARANCE:

A dog of noble and balanced appearance, the conformation of which ensures strength, endurance and speed. Proud attitude, smooth outlines, lean head, well carried tail, firm shiny coat and well reaching, harmonious strides emphasize its nobility.

整體外貌：

外形勻稱，顯高貴，身體結構使其具備力量，耐力和速度。自豪，線條流暢，頭部消瘦，尾部姿態佳，被毛硬且有光澤，步幅大，步態協調，這些特質都彰顯了其高貴的氣質。

IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS:

Length of body should slightly exceed height at withers.

重要比例：

體長應略長於肩高。

BEHAVIOUR/TEMPERAMENT:

irm, balanced, reliable, restrained temperament, neither nervous nor shy or aggressive.

行為/秉性：

堅定，平和，可靠，性情克制，不緊張，不害羞，沒有攻擊性。

HEAD:頭部

Lean, well defined, neither too light nor too heavy; as to strength and length it matches the substance and the sex of the dog.

消瘦，輪廓明顯，既不過輕也不過重。力量和長度與犬只的骨量和性別相符。

CRANIAL REGION:顱部區域

Skull:oderately wide, flatly rounded, scarcely pronounced occipital bone, frontal furrow not too deep, noticeably developed superciliary ridges.

頭骨：寬度適度，平，圓，枕骨不明顯，額骨皺紋不太深，眉脊明顯。

Stop:Moderately defined.

額段：適度明顯。

FACIAL REGION:面部區域

Nose:Somewhat protruding. Nostrils sufficiently wide, broad and mobile. Basically brown, however black in black or black roan dogs. A flesh-colored or spotted nose is only permissible in dogs with white as basic color.

鼻：略突出。鼻孔足夠寬，寬，靈活。基本上為棕色，黑色鼻適用於整體黑色或帶黑色的犬只，白色或帶斑點的鼻則只適用於白色為主色的犬只。但是整體黑色或帶黑色的犬只鼻為黑色。僅以白色為主色的犬只，鼻可為肉色或斑點色。

Muzzle:Long, broad, deep and strong in order to enable the dog』s correct carrying of game. Viewed from the side the nasal bridge shows a slight curvature in all transitions from a nobly constructed ram』s nose to a slight rise above the straight line - more prominent in males. A totally straight nasal bridge, although still acceptable, is less attractive; a concave bridge (dish-face) is a serious fault.

口吻：長，寬，深且強壯，這些特點確保犬只在狩獵活動中準確銜取獵物。從側面看，鼻樑微拱，樣子從高貴的公羊鼻到比直線略高皆可，公犬更為突出。筆直的鼻樑也可接受，但缺乏吸引力。凹鼻樑（碟子臉）是嚴重的缺陷。

Lips:Tight fitting, not too pendulous, good pigmentation. The nasolabial line slopes almost vertically and then continues in a flat arch to the moderately pronounced corner of the lips.

嘴唇：緊密貼合，不過於下垂，色素沉澱良好。鼻唇線傾斜，幾乎垂直，並以平拱形延伸至適度明顯的嘴角。

Jaws/Teeth:Strong jaws with a perfect, regular and complete scissor bite. The upper inscisors should reach over the lower incisors without gap and the teeth should be positioned vertically in the jaws. 42 sound teeth, in accordance with the teeth formula.

頜/齒：頜強壯，擁有完美，規則而完全的剪狀咬合。上門牙緊貼下門牙外側，沒有縫隙，垂直的長在頜部。共有42顆健康的牙齒，與齒系吻合。

Cheeks: Strong, well-muscled.

面頰：強壯，肌肉有力。

Eyes:Of medium size, neither protruding nor deep set. The ideal color is dark brown. Eyelids tight fitting.

眼睛：中等大小，既不凸出也不深陷。理想的顏色為深棕色。眼瞼緊密貼合。

Ears:Moderately long, set on high and broad, flat and without twisting, hanging down close to the head, bluntly rounded at the tip. Neither too fleshy nor too thin. When brought forward they are supposed to reach more or less the corner of the lips.

耳朵：長度適中，耳部位置高且寬，平，沒有扭曲，自然下垂緊貼頭部，耳端呈圓形。既不太過豐滿也不過薄。耳部向前拉直時應可至唇角。

NECK:Length in harmony with general appearance of the dog, progressively thickening towards the body. Very muscular and slightly crested nape. Tight fitting skin of throat.

頸部：長度與犬只整體外形相協調，朝身體方向逐漸變粗。肌肉有力，頸部略有飾毛。喉部皮膚緊緻。

BODY:軀幹

Top line: Straight and slightly sloping.

背線：直，略微傾斜。

Withers: Well defined.

肩：明顯。

Back: Firm and muscular. Vertebral processes should be covered by muscles.

背：結實，強健。脊椎上應覆有肌肉。

Loins:Short, broad, muscular, straight or slightly arched. Transition from back to loin tight and well knit.

腰：短，寬，有肌肉，直或略呈拱形。從背部至腰部的過渡緊湊，連接良好。

Croup:Broad and long enough, not abruptly slanting, but slightly slanting towards the tail, well-muscled.

臀：寬且足夠長，傾斜程度不突兀，但略向尾部傾斜，肌肉結實。

Chest:Somewhat deeper than broad with well-defined forechest, with the sternum reaching back as far as possible. Sternum and elbow joint on the same level. Ribs well sprung, neither flat nor barrel-shaped. False ribs well reaching down.

胸：深度略大於寬度，前胸明顯，胸骨盡量向後延伸。胸骨和肘關節在同一水平面上。肋骨擴張良好，既不平也不似水桶型。假肋自然向下伸展。

Underline: With elegant arch, slightly tucked up towards rear, dry.

腹線：弧度優雅，朝後肢方向略向上折起，緊緻。

TAIL:Set high, strong at the root and then tapering, of medium length. About halfway docked for hunting purposes. At rest hanging down; in movement horizontal, neither carried too high above the backline nor extremely bent. (In countries where tail docking is prohibited by law, the tail can remain in its natural shape. It should reach down as far as the hocks and be carried straight or slightly sabre tail fashion).

尾：尾根位置高，尾根部強壯，至末端逐漸變細，中等長度。出於狩獵目的，尾部大約截去一半。靜態時尾部下垂；動態時為水平，既不舉起高於背線也不過度彎曲。（在不允許斷尾的國家，尾部保持其原有的形狀。可延伸至跖部，保持筆直或略微呈馬刀狀。）

LIMBS:四肢

FOREQUARTERS:前軀

General appearance:viewed from the front, straight and parallel; viewed from the side, the legs are well placed under the body.

整體外形：從前面看，直且平行；從側面看，腿位於身體下部，位置良好。

Shoulder:Shoulder blades well laid back, well attached to chest, and strongly muscled. Shoulder blade and upper arm well angulated.

肩：肩胛骨後置良好，與胸部連接良好，肌肉結實。肩胛和上肢角度良好。

Upperam:As long as possible, well-muscled and dry.

上臂：越長越好，肌肉發達，乾燥。

Elbows:Close but not too tight to body, neither turned in nor out, well set back.

肘：近，但不過分緊貼身體，既不內翻也不外翻，自然向後。

Forearm: Straight and sufficiently muscled. Strong bone, not too coarse.

前肢：直，肌肉充足。骨骼強健，不過分粗糙。

Pastern joint:Strong.

系關節：強壯。

Pastern: Minimal angulation of pastern and forearm, never standing upright.

系部：系骨和前肢的角度為最小，從不為豎直狀。

Forefeet: Round to spoon shaped, with well tight and adequately arched toes. Strong toenails. Tough, resistant pads. Feet set parallel, neither turned in nor out, in stance as well as in movement.

前足：圓到勺形，腳趾緊湊，充分拱起。趾甲強壯。腳墊結實耐磨。足部平行，不管靜態還是動態時，既不外翻也不內翻。

LIMBS:四肢

HINDQUARTERS: 後軀

General appearance: Viewed from behind straight and parallel. Good angulations in stifles and hocks, strong bone.

整體外形：從後面看直且平行。後膝關節和跖骨角度良好。骨骼強壯。

Upper thigh:Long, broad and muscular, with good angulation between pelvis and femur.

大腿：長，寬且肌肉發達，骨盆和大腿骨之間角度良好。

Stifle (Knee):Strong, with good angulation of upper- and lower thigh.

膝：強壯，與大腿和大腿下部角度良好。

Lower thigh: Long, muscular with clearly visible tendons. Good angulation between lower thigh and hocks.

小腿：長，肌肉發達，肌腱清晰可見。大腿下部和跗骨之間角度良好。

Hock joint: Strong.

跗關節：強壯。

Hocks: Strong, vertical.

跗骨：強壯，垂直。

Hind feet:Round to spoon shaped, with well tight and adequately arched toes. Strong toenails. Tough, resistant pads. Foot set parallel, neither turned in nor out, in stance as well as in movement.

後足：圓呈勺形，腳趾緊湊，充分拱起。趾甲強壯。腳墊結實耐磨。腳部平行，不管靜態還是動態時，既不外翻也不內翻。

GAIT/MOVEMENT:

Well extended strides, with forceful propulsion from the hindquarters and adequate reach of the forelimbs. Front and hind legs moving straight and parallel. The dog is carrying himself in a proud attitude. Pacing gait is not desirable.

步態/動態：

步幅大，後肢驅動力強，前肢步幅適當。前後腿運動時直且平行。姿態驕傲。踱步則不理想。

SKIN: Close and tight, not wrinkly.

皮膚：緊湊，緊緻，無皺紋。

COAT:被毛

Hair:short and dense, rough and hard to the touch. Somewhat thinner and shorter on the head and ears, not remarkably longer at the underside of the tail. Should cover the whole body.

毛質：短且密，手感粗糙且堅硬，頭部和耳部的略短和稀。尾部下側不太長。被毛應覆蓋整個身體。

Colour:

Solid brown, without markings.

Brown with small white or flecked markings at chest and legs.

Dark brown roan, with brown head, brown patches or specks. The basic colour of such a dog is not brown mixed with whit or white with brown, but the coat shows such an even intensive mixture of brown and white which results in that kind of inconspicuous exterior of the dog ever so valuable for the practical hunt. At the inner sides of the hindlegs as well as at the tip of the tail the colour is often lighter.

Light brown roan with brown head, brown patches, specks or without patches. In this coloring the brown hairs are fewer, the white hairs are predominant.

White with brown head markings, brown patches or specks.

Black colour in the same nuances as the brown, respectively the brown roan colours.

Yellow tan markings are permissible.

Blaze, fleck and speckled flews are permissible.

毛色:

純棕色，沒有斑紋。

棕色，胸部和腿上帶有小塊白色斑點或其他顏色的斑點。

深棕色雜色，棕色的頭部，有棕色的斑塊或斑點。該顏色犬的基礎色不是棕色帶白或白色帶棕，而是被毛為均勻的棕色和白色的混合體，這使得犬只的外形不易被察覺，在狩獵實踐中頗有價值。後腿內側和尾尖的顏色通常略淺。

淺棕色雜色，棕色的頭部，有棕色的斑塊、斑點或沒有。在這種毛色中，棕色的毛髮較少，白色毛髮居多。

白色，頭部帶棕色斑紋，有棕色的斑塊或斑點。

與棕色差別不大的黑色，或與棕色差別不大的紅棕色。

可有黃棕褐色斑紋。

上唇兩旁的下垂部分可有斑紋和斑點。

SIZE:尺寸

Height at the withers:

Dogs 62 to 66 cm.

Bitches 58 to 63 cm.

肩高：

公犬：62-66厘米

母犬：58-63厘米

FAULTS:缺陷

Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare of the dog.

Faults in attitude, not according or typical to gender.

Muzzle too short.

Flews too heavy or too thin.

From the total of 4 PM 1 and 2 M3 only two teeth may be missing.

Eyes too light. Yellowish ? bird of prey ? eyes.

Ears too long, too short, too heavy, set on too narrow or twisted.

Loose skin at throat.

Slight roach back.

Rump too short.

Chest too deep.

Tail strongly bent or carried too high above the topline.

Elbows turned in or out. Feet turned in or out; forelegs standing close or wide.

Hindquarters too straight.

Slightly bow-legged, slightly cow-hocked or close hocks.

任何與上述各點相背離的均視為缺陷，其缺陷的嚴重性嚴格地與其缺陷的程度和對犬只健康和福利帶來的影響成正比。

姿態與性別不符或不典型。

口吻太短。

上唇兩側的下垂部分過重或過薄。

在4顆PM1和2顆M3中，最多可以缺失兩顆。（PM為小臼齒，M為大臼齒）

眼睛顏色過淡。微黃色的「猛禽」眼。

耳過長，過短，過重，兩耳間距過窄或扭曲。

喉部皮膚鬆弛。

背部略微拱起。

臀部過短。

胸部過深。

尾過度彎曲或過度高舉於背線。

肘內翻或外翻。腳外翻或內翻。前腿間距過寬或過窄。

後肢過直。

略微弓形腿，略微牛肢或兩附關節間距離過近。

SERIOUS FAULTS: 嚴重缺陷

Clumsy, lymphatic, coarse conformation.

Marked stop.

Flesh-coloured or flecked nose (except when basic colour of coat is white).

Snipy muzzle, concave bridge of the nose (dish-face).

Pincer bite or partial pincer bite (For dogs older than 4 years a socalled pincer bite due to age shall not affect evaluation as long as a ? Deutsch-Kurzhaar-Club ? has certified that at a previous show a correct bite was confirmed).

Distinct roach back, slight swayback.

Considerable lack in depth of chest. Poorly developed forechest.

Distinctly turned in or turned out elbows.

Weak and down on pasterns.

Pastern totally vertical.

Distinctly cow-hocked or bow-legged, in stance as well as in movement.

Overbuilt hindquarters.

Flat feet.

Spread toes.

Clumsy gait.

Deviation of more than 2 cm from the given height at the withers.

形態笨拙，淋巴異樣，粗糙。

額段過於明顯。

肉色或帶斑點的鼻子（除被毛基礎色為白色的犬只）。

口鼻過於狹長，凹鼻樑（碟臉）。

鉗狀咬合或部分為鉗狀咬合（年齡大於4歲的犬只，只要經德國短毛指示犬俱樂部證實在之前的犬展中已確認該犬只擁有正確的咬合，那麼由於年齡原因形成的鉗狀咬合不影響比賽評價）。

背部明顯拱起，略凹陷。

胸部深度不足。前胸發育不良。肋骨太平或呈水桶狀。

肘部明顯內翻或外翻。

系部無力且下垂。

系部完全垂直。

不管是靜態還是動態時，明顯的牛肢或弓形腿。

後肢過壯。

平足。

腳趾分散。

步態笨拙。

對比理想肩高，偏差大於2厘米。

DISQUALIFYING FAULTS:失格缺陷

Aggressive or overly shy dogs.

Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified.

Distinctly non-typical gender characteristics.

Absence of more than 2 teeth from the total of 4 PM 1 and 2 M3. Absence of 1 tooth or more teeth other than PM 1 and M3. Non visible teeth have to be considered as missing except when certified by a ? Deutsch-Kurzhaar-Club ? that at a previous show or trial their existence was confirmed.

Overshot and undershot bite, wry mouth as well as all intergrades.

Any surplus teeth arranged outside the dental arch.

Cleft palate and hare lip.

Excessively loose eyelids, ectropion, entropion, distichiasis (double row of eyelashes).

Excessive swayback, malformation of the spine.

Any malformation of the chest, e.g. ? clipped sternum ? (short sternum blending abruptly into the abdominal line).

Dewclaws with or without bony skeleton.

Weak character.

有攻擊性或過於害羞。

任何在身體和行為上明顯失常的犬只應視為失格。

明顯不具有典型的性別特徵。

4顆PM1和兩顆M3中，缺失兩顆以上的牙齒。除PM1和M3外，其他牙齒缺失一顆或更多。不可見的牙齒視為缺失，除非在之前的犬展或測試中已由德國短毛指示犬俱樂部確認其存在。