喝咖啡的人可能更長壽。英語讀頭條

Coffee Drinkers Are More Likely To Live Longer. Decaf May Do The Trick, Too

喝咖啡的人可能更長壽。無咖啡因咖啡也能起到作用

Coffee is far from a vice.

喝咖啡遠不是什麼惡習

There"s now lots of evidence pointing to its health benefits, including a possible longevity boost for those of us with a daily coffee habit.

現在有很多證據表明咖啡對人類健康有益，其中包括對我們這種每天都喝咖啡的人來說可能會更長壽。

vice [va?s] n.惡習;不道德行為;（肉體的）缺陷，疾病;（文體等的）缺點，瑕疵

The latest findings come from a study published Monday in JAMA Internal Medicine that included about a half-million people in England, Scotland and Wales. Participants ranged in age from 38 to 73.

最新的發現來自於周一發表在JAMA內科雜誌上的一篇研究文章，它涉及到英格蘭、蘇格蘭和威爾士的大約五十萬人的調查範圍，參加者的年齡從38無到73歲。

"We found that people who drank two to three cups per day had about a 12 percent lower risk of death compared to non-coffee drinkers" during the decade-long study, says Erikka Loftfield, a research fellow at the National Cancer Institute.

來自於國家癌症研究院的研究員Erikka Loftfield說，在長達十年的研究中「我們發現每天喝兩到三杯咖啡的人比不喝咖啡的人的死亡風險低12%」。

This was true among all coffee drinkers — even those who were determined to be slow metabolizers of caffeine. (These are people who tend to be more sensitive to the effects of caffeine.) And the association held up among drinkers of decaffeinated coffee, too.

這對於所有喝咖啡的人都是一樣的，即使你是一個咖啡因代謝緩慢的人。這些人往往對咖啡因的效果更加敏感。而且這條同樣適用於喝無咖啡因咖啡的人。

In the U.S., there are similar findings linking higher consumption of coffee to a lower risk of early death in African-Americans, Japanese-Americans, Latinos and white adults, both men and women. A daily coffee habit is also linked to a decreased risk of stroke and Type 2 diabetes.

在美國的非洲裔美國人、日裔美國人，拉美人和成年白人之中，不論男女，也有類似的發現。每天喝咖啡能降低中風和2型糖尿病的風險。

What is it about coffee that may be protective? It"s not likely to be the caffeine. While studies don"t prove that coffee extends life, several studies have suggested a longevity boost among drinkers of decaf as well as regular coffee.

那咖啡提供了什麼樣的保護呢？應該不是咖啡因。儘管研究沒有找到咖啡因能延長壽命的證據，一些研究已經暗示了無論是普通咖啡還是無咖啡因咖啡，都能延長壽命。

So, researchers have turned their attention to the bean.

因此，研究人員把目光轉向了咖啡豆。

"The coffee bean itself is loaded with many different nutrients and phyto-chemicals," nutrition researcher Walter Willett of the Harvard School of Public Health told us in 2015. These compounds include lignans, quinides and magnesium, some of which may help reduce insulin resistance and inflammation. "My guess is that they"re working together to have some of these benefits," Willett said. (He"s the author of a study that points to a 15 percent lower risk of early death among men and women who drink coffee, compared with those who do not consume it.)

哈佛大學公共衛生學院的營養學研究員Walter Willett在2015年告訴我們說：「咖啡豆本身含有多種不同的營養素和植物化學成分，」這些混合物包括木脂素、奎尼丁和鎂，其中一些成分可以幫助降低抗胰島素性和炎症。Willett說：「我猜想他們合在一起就產生了這些好處。」（他的一項研究結果表明喝咖啡的人比不喝咖啡的人的死亡風險低15%）。

[?nu:tri?nt] n.營養物，營養品，養分，養料;滋養物

"Coffee, with its thousand chemicals, includes a number of polyphenol-like, antioxidant-rich compounds," says Christopher Gardner, who directs nutrition studies at the Stanford Prevention Research Center. He says there"s so much evidence supporting the idea that coffee can be a healthy part of your diet, it"s now included in the U.S. Dietary Guidelines. In 2015, the experts behind the guidelines concluded that a daily coffee habit may help protect against Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

斯坦福大學預防研究中心的營養研究負責人Christopher Gardner說：「咖啡中含有數千種化學物質，含有多種多酚類、富含抗氧化劑的混合物。」他說有很多的證據支持咖啡是對健康有益的觀點，這已經被錄入了美國飲食指南。2015年，為指南工作的專家就得出結論說，每天喝咖啡，能夠幫助預防2型糖尿病和心血管疾病。

Gardner says part of the benefit of coffee may be linked to something profoundly simple: It brings people joy.

Gardner說咖啡帶給人們的好處還有一點：它帶給人們快樂。

"Think about when you"re drinking coffee — aren"t you stopping and relaxing a little bit?" Gardner asks.

Gardner說：「想想你喝咖啡的時候，是不是你會停下來、放鬆一會兒？」

He says it"s such a simple pleasure. "I just love holding that hot beverage in my hand. It"s the morning ritual," he says. He drinks at least three cups a day.

他說這真是一種簡單的快樂。「我就是喜歡手裡拿著那杯熱咖啡，這都成了一早起來儀式的一部分。」他說，他每天至少喝三杯咖啡。

So, how did coffee achieve such an image makeover? It wasn"t too long ago that coffee was considered a vice.

那麼，咖啡是如何完成這一形象改變的呢？不久以前，常喝咖啡還被認為是一種惡習呢。

Gardner says the bad rap goes back to a time when people who drank coffee were also very likely to smoke cigarettes.

Gardner說這種負面的評論可以追溯到從前喝咖啡的人還同時吸煙的年代。

So, when earlier epidemiological studies suggested that coffee consumption was associated with health risks, researchers were thrown off. It wasn"t until they separated these two habit apart that a completely different picture emerged.

因此，當早期的流行病研究顯示喝咖啡會影響健康時，研究者就被搞懵了。直到他們把兩種習慣分開以後，畫風才發生了完全的轉變。

"Smoking was the cause of the association," Gardner says. "Ever since they disentangled smoking, coffee wasn"t just null, it was [shown to be] beneficial."

Gardner說：「與吸煙的關聯導致了人們對喝咖啡的壞印象。自從他們把煙和咖啡分別對待後，咖啡就不僅沒有害處，反而被證明是有益健康了。」

disentangle [?d?s?n?t??ɡ?l] vt.解開…的結; 理順;使解脫; 使脫出

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