文章寫作之Introduction

Introduction部分通常要回答這樣幾個問題：

1、對某個領域的研究現狀；

2、研究意義；

3、存在問題；

4、本文是如何進一步研究的；

下面以Adsorption andcorrosion inhibition behavior of imidazole on cobalt electrodes studied by SERSand electrochemical methods前言為例，分析文章前言的寫作邏輯。

As one of the most widely used transition-metals, Co plays an important rolein the study of metal materials. The alloys of Co are often used as magneticmaterials because of their intense magnetism.

作為最廣泛使用的過渡金屬之一，Co在金屬材料的研究中發揮著重要作用。Co的合金由於其強烈的磁性而經常用作磁性材料。

As an active metal and owing to high catalyticactivity, Co is widely used as catalysts in catalytic industry.

由於催化活性高，作為一種活性金屬，Co廣泛用作催化工業中的催化劑。

Besides, Co is also an important electrode material in electrochemistry and has been widely used in electrolysis, electroplating,electrochemical energy sources and electrocatalysis.

此外，Co還是電化學中重要的電極材料，已廣泛應用於電解，電鍍，電化學能源和電催化。（前面主要寫Co是什麼，在哪些領域有應用）

However, because of the high chemical activity of Co, the Co surface may be corroded, resulting in a change or loss ofits functionality.

然而，由於Co的高化學活性，Co表面可能被腐蝕，導致其功能的改變或喪失。（Co在應用中存在的問題）

Therefore,the study of surface corrosion inhibition of Co is vitally important.

因此，研究Co的表面腐蝕抑制是至關重要的。（引出需要研究的問題）

One of the most important metal inhibition methods is to adsorb a layer of small organic molecules as inhibitor.

最重要的金屬抑制方法之一是吸附一層小有機分子作為抑製劑。（提出研究問題的常用方法）

Inorder to understand the inhibition mechanism, it is necessary to study theelectrochemical adsorption and reaction of inhibitors on metal surfaces systematically.

為了理解抑制機理，有必要系統地研究抑製劑在金屬表面的電化學吸附和反應。（說明這項研究的必要性）

Conventional electrochemical static and transient techniques have been frequently used to investigate such kind of systems because they have very high surface sensitivity and can detect a minute change in the electrochemical interface.

傳統的電化學靜態和瞬態技術經常被用於研究這種類型的系統，因為它們具有非常高的表面靈敏度並且可以檢測電化學界面的微小變化。（引出研究這個問題的傳統方法）

However,they are not able to provide detailed information of how the molecule is interacting with the electrode surface.

然而，它們無法提供分子如何與電極表面相互作用的詳細信息。（傳統方法存在的問題）

Since the 1970s, various vibrational spectroscopies, including infrared, Raman and sum frequency generation, have provided a wealth of information for the electrochemical interfaces at the molecular level.

自20世紀70年代以來，各種振動光譜，包括紅外，拉曼和和頻生成，在分子水平上為電化學界面提供了大量信息。

Among these techniques, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has unique advantage for studying the electrochemical interfaces, owing to its high surface sensitivity, the ability to obtain information in the low frequency region reflecting theinteraction between the adsorbed molecule and the metal surface and negligibleinterference of water signal.

在這些技術中，表面增強拉曼散射（SERS）具有研究電化學界面的獨特優勢，因為它具有高表面敏感性，能夠在低頻區域獲得反映吸附分子與金屬表面之間相互作用的信息。水信號干擾可忽略不計。

Therefore,SERS has been widely used in the electrochemical study.

因此，SERS已被廣泛用於電化學研究中。（新技術的產生帶來的突破點）

UsingSERS, the existing form and the adsorption orientation of molecules on thesurface can be obtained.

使用SERS可以獲得表面上分子的存在形式和吸附取向。

Combined with electrochemical methods, SERS has become a frequently used and effective method for investigating the adsorption of inhibitors on metal surfaces.

結合電化學方法，SERS已成為研究抑製劑在金屬表面上吸附的常用且有效的方法。（新技術的優點或者長處）

Tian』sgroup and Gu』s group have obtained high quality SER spectra from many transition-metal surfaces by developing different surface roughening methods and using a high-sensitive confocal Raman microscope.

Tian的團隊和Gu的團隊通過開發不同的表面粗糙化方法和使用高靈敏度共聚焦拉曼顯微鏡，從許多過渡金屬表面獲得了高質量的SER光譜。

This advance allows them to change the notion thatSERS can only be obtained on noble metal surfaces (Au, Ag, Cu) with high surface enhancement and provide a good approach for investigating the SERS of inhibitor on transition metal surfaces.

這一進步使他們能夠改變SERS只能在具有高表面強化的貴金屬表面（Au，Ag，Cu）上獲得的概念，並為研究過渡金屬表面上的抑製劑的SERS提供了一種良好的方法。（其他學者在這個方面的研究進展）

In this work, we selected imidazole (IMH) as theinhibitor (the molecular structure of which is shown in Fig. 1) and calculatedthe inhibition efficiency of IMH on a Co electrode based on the Tafel plotexperiment.

在這項工作中，我們選擇咪唑（IMH）作為抑製劑（其分子結構如圖1所示），並基於Tafel圖實驗計算IMH對Co電極的抑制效率。（本文所做的工作）

Weinvestigated the adsorption and reaction of IMH on a Co electrode at different potentials using SERS and cyclic voltammetry.

我們使用SERS和循環伏安法研究了IMH在不同電位的Co電極上的吸附和反應。

Finally, we proposed a model for IMH on the Co surface and the inhibition mechanism of IMH to the corrosion of the Co electrode in 0.05 mol·L?1IMH + 0.1 mol·L?1NaCl O4solution.

最後，我們提出了一種Co表面IMH模型和IMH對0.05mol·L-1IMH+0.1mol·L-1 Na ClO4溶液中Co電極腐蝕的抑制機理。（本文做出了哪些成果）

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