接地氣的公園設計從改造菜園開始吧

最新 07-13

?martinski公園，操場--LUZ設計

?martinski Park, Playground

LUZ：今天的?martinski公園曾經是一大片私建的菜園。在城市空間規劃文件的區域被定義為綠地和基礎設施，但在現實中它被花圃和大棚佔據，交通道路用地也在剝削這個公園用地。不僅如此，幾個主要的高壓線路也在這裡交匯，影響綠地的規劃設計。

直到2007年，該地區還是個連接繁忙道路和城市的中央公墓?ALE的過渡帶，隨後也逐漸被稱為問題區。對於批評的主要原因是缺乏管理的綠化和風格迥異的?ALE墓地的標誌性建築，而它們則是由知名斯洛維尼亞建築師Jo?E PLE?nik設計。具有諷刺意味的是，整頓城市綠化的工作確實計劃在20世紀50年代末實施，但是最終隨著時間推移，又變得無人問津。在最後階段，園林綠化在這裡被宣布為非法，沒人知道多少這裡曾有多少個花園，或是它們曾屬於誰。

該地區里各種木製或錫棚屋和小建設蔬菜床四處散落，可謂一片狼藉。同時，該地區也長有不同種類的果樹和許多多年生植物。從外面看，這個地方似乎不友好，甚至讓人困惑和難以穿越，彷彿屬於一個封閉的社區園丁。

LUZ: Today』s ?martinski Park used to be a vast area of informal and individuals allotment gardens. In the municipal spatial planning documents the area was defined as green space and an infrastructural corridor, but in reality it was covered with garden beds and sheds, cut by a traffic road and crossed by a few main power lines. Still in 2007, the area mainly served as a buffer zone between busy roads and the city』s central cemetery ?ale and was constantly referred to as a problem zone. The main reason for the criticism was the contradiction of unregulated gardening and the iconic architecture of the ?ale cemetery, designed by recognized Slovene architect Jo?e Ple?nik. Ironically, allotment gardening was indeed planned on the site in late 1950s but went out of control when years went by. At its final stage, gardening here was declared illegal, nobody knew how many individual gardens there are or who they belonged to. The area consisted of vegetable beds with various wooden or tin shacks and small constructions, scattered around. The area was planted randomly with different fruit trees and numerous perennials. From the outside, the place seemed unfriendly, even confusing and difficult to cross, belonging to a closed community of gardeners.

回溯到2007年，這片區域就被首先歸屬為盧布爾雅那市要清除的非法分配行列中了，這一舉措也向市民們傳達了新的城市發展與管理政策。相關部門公開啟動了公園內部床棚的清理工作，市長辦公室、市政官員和公共企業也全程密切合作執行。

對於園林工作中和城市園林的發展來說，這些最微妙的動作也是意義重大的。分配的園丁們能夠從現場獲得的副市長指示，還有專業團隊的指點和提高保護好現有的樹木形態結構的意識。同時，一個園藝新政策也隨之公布。相關人員就公園的搬遷工作進行了討論和計劃以及研究如何體現最小干預理念。清理後，只有一個混合的野花草坪在第一季播種並開放使用，這也預示著規劃設計過程的開始。

設計人員對附近的當地社區居民進行了諮詢，了解他們的意願，他們表達了對新公園和遊樂場的需要。因此，該地區將成為新的總體規劃中的一處公園。新公園將以周圍一條道路的名字命名為?martinski公園。

Back in 2007, the area was first in a row to be cleared of illegal allotment in the Municipality of Ljubljana to demonstrate new urban development and management policy. The clearing of gardening beds and sheds was announced and executed in a close cooperation between mayor』s office, municipal officials and public companies. This most delicate action was carried out with a lot of sensitivity to the gardeners and the future of gardening in the city as well as for the area』s future development. The allotment gardeners were able to get explanations from the mayor on site, the vice major gathered a professional team to mark and protect the existing trees form construction damage, and a new gardening policy was announced publicly. Rehabilitation was discussed and planned along with fieldwork which led to an idea of minimal intervention. After clearing of the area only a flowering lawn mixture was sown in the first season and the area was open to public use while the process of planning and designing started. The nearby local communities were consulted about their wishes and they confirmed a need for a new park and playground. The area was to become a public park in a new master plan and the road that was bisecting the area was to be omitted from it. The new park was to become ?martinski Park, named after a road nearby.

由於其巨大的尺寸（近13公頃），該地區轉變成一個公園的改造是需要一定時間的，從2007年剛開始的過程，一步一步直到2015年發展至高潮，其間一個城市的最大的同時最令人興奮的遊樂場建成了。

在第一階段，只有兩個基本漫遊路徑進行了施工，場地地形進行了改造和新的大型喬木得到了種植，當然，也清理了現場中的現有果樹等。由於要求嚴苛，操場的設計經歷了許多次修改。最初的設計理念是為所有人提供遊戲區，無論使用者的年齡、身體或心理能力。操場上的位置是經過周密計劃，對公墓的一個適當的關係，在一個加油站的後面，以減少主要道路和電力線的影響。

設計團隊以往與學校和幼兒園的孩子的相關經驗有關的各種比賽項目都被用作最有價值的基線設計思路。設計本身是提供寬敞、好玩的地形，結合水沙特徵，大量的植被和一組不同的功能–高攀網，以期作為一個實質的播放設備。好玩的水的特徵和路徑設計成型的園區布局，增加軟彎曲圓形形狀的高價值功能從而轉變為現有的公園中功能性的道路。

Due to its vast dimension of nearly 13 ha, the transformation of the area into a park was to be gradual, starting the process in 2007, step by step reaching its climax in 2015 by constructing one of the city』s biggest and most exciting playgrounds. In the first phase of park development only two basic walkthrough paths were erected, the terrain was reshaped and new large trees were planted while remnants of existing fruit trees were left on site. The playground was designed later due to many requests. The initial design idea was to provide a play area for all, no matter the age, physical or mental ability. The playground location was planned carefully, with a proper relation to the cemetery, behind a gas station and out of impacts of main road and power lines. The design team』s previous experiences with school and nursery kids participating in various play projects were used as most valuable baseline for a new design concept. The design itself was to provide spaciousness, playful terrain, water feature in combination with sand, lots of vegetation and play equipment with a diverse set of functions – a high climbing net with a view being one of its essentials. Playful water feature and path design were moulded to the park layout, adding soft curved circular shapes with high play value to the existing straight functional park paths.

幾乎從一開始，場地改造為一個公園的想法對大眾而言很容易接受，連園丁們都十分認同公共開放空間改造後的效果，同時也期盼在公園施工的第一個階段能設先置一個操場，一直通向市政廳大樓。第一個想法中，操場會被建造在墓地前。這聽起來有點不尋常，但事實證明這個想法似乎不錯：人們希望公園裡有一個操場的想法超過了其他功能性的場地；而且，如今的遊客是來自四面八方，有遠有近，甚至從盧布爾雅那以外。有些用戶也表達了不一樣的想法，如設置環形跑道或印有圖形的長度標記，帶有波浪上下路和微微彎曲的山地的騎行場地與盧布爾雅市特色的各式各樣的滿足戲水場景的功能性場地，如泵、大壩、砂質的通道或溝渠等，這些在其它地方都是罕見的。

操場安全（結合砂礫石）完全由經過反覆揣摩而定的細節設計保證，避免一些過多的附加建設更改。操場開放後，參觀的人很多，額外的自行車停放處、寵物公園的需求也逐漸被提出。最近公園人氣的提升也引發了一個預期的功能需求，園方需要建立一個茶館以為公園和遊樂場的用戶提供必要服務。

The transformation of allotment into a park was very well accepted almost from the beginning, even the gardeners recognized the quality of open public space and requests for a playground started to reach the city hall in the first season of park operation. At first idea of a playground in front of a cemetery sounded a bit unusual but life proves it right: people wished to have a playground constructed in a park more than anything and the visitors today are coming from near and far, even from outside of Ljubljana. Some of the users initiated ideas, such as circular paths for running or scooter riding with graphic length marks, a wavy up and down path and a softly curved hill with assortment of slides are the busiest features alongside water play – pumps, dams, channels or mills in combination with sand, a rarity in Ljubljana』s otherwise diverse play options. Playground safety (gravel in combination with sand) is fully provided by careful detailing without abundant constructional additions. After the playground was open, many people visited it, proposing additional bike racks and a dog park and both of proposals were realised. Recent popularity of the park also triggered an expected initiative to build a teahouse with necessary service features for the park and playground users.