雙語者的大腦有哪些不同？
I have been hooked by a voice-over app where brings me a lot of fun and recently it proves to be interestingly educational too.
On the app is a platform for people to upload various video clips inviting the community to do voice acting. Last week I came across a TED education video titledThe Brain of Bilingualsand had my fun again by completing my version of voice-over with it.
With only two-minute in length, the video on the app platform didn』t satisfy my curiosity so I went on to search for it on TED』s official site. There it is!
最近，我被一個配音應用所吸引，它給我帶來了很多樂趣。更有趣的是，它也被證明是很有教育意義的一款應用。
在應用程序上，人們可以上傳各種視頻剪輯，邀請社區進行配音。在過去的一周里，我發現了一部名為「雙語大腦」的TED教育視頻，並在配音過程中，再次享受了一通樂趣。
這段視頻只有兩分鐘時長，它並不滿足我的好奇心，於是我繼續在TED的官方網站上搜索它。然後，很順利地找到了！
It turns out it』s evident that the brain of bilinguals does function differently than that of their monolingual friends.
Within the bilingual or miti-lingual community, there are three types in general: Compound Bilinguals, Coordinate Bilinguals, and Subordinate Bilinguals.
Type one refers to the group who was growing up in a bilingual environment. Type two indicates the people who acquired a new language in their school years. Type three is the category for individuals who learned a new language through their primary language.
All three types can become fully proficient in the new language to the point that a casual observer won』t notice any difference. This is something I have also observed so it』s really not a statement that surprises me.
顯著的事實證明，與說一門語言的人士相比，會雙語人們大腦的運作是不同的。
在雙語或多語人群社區中，一般有三種類型：複合雙語，協調雙語和輔助雙語。
第一類是指從小在雙語環境中成長的一部分雙語者。第二類指在校學習中開始學習一門新語言的人群。第三類是通過母語來學習一門新語言的人群。
所有這三種類型都可以完全熟練掌握一門外語，他們均可以達到在他人不經意的觀察中，很難發現任何區別的熟練程度。這是我所觀察到的，所以觀看到這一部分，我並不驚訝。
What』s surprising to me is the scientific finding on the subject. The video goes on reflecting that finding. That is, through technology in brain images, neuro-linguists prove that learning two or more languages from an early age does show a different learning pattern where more areas of brain activities are triggered. Whereas the language-learning pattern of adults tend to cling to the left side brain where logic and language is processed.
The research shows that bilinguals/multilinguals are not necessarily smarter but the effort made in their attempt of using another language stimulates and strengthens the prefrontal cortex in the brain. This is the part of the brain that largely plays a role in the executive function, such as problem-solving, switching tasks and filtrating irrelevant information to focus on certain tasks.
And this process happens throughout all ages. Therefore, it』s good to learn a new language no matter how old you are. In fact, the bilingual workout received by the speaker throughout their life can help to delay the brain diseases such as Alzheimer』s and Dementia by as much as 5 years! Overall, it』s good news to learn that Bilingualism does make one』s brain more healthy, complex and more actively engaged.
令我驚訝的是在這個話題上的科學發現。視頻內容繼續介紹這一大科學發現，即通過大腦圖像中的技術，神經語言學家證明，從小的時候開始學習兩種或更多種語言的確會顯示一種不同的學習模式，在這種模式下會觸發更多領域的大腦活動。而成年人的語言學習模式傾向於依靠處理邏輯和語言的左側大腦。
研究表明，雙語者/多語者不一定更聰明，但嘗試使用另一種語言所做的努力會刺激和加強大腦前額皮層。這是大腦在執行功能中扮演重要角色的腦組織部分，它主要負責解決問題、切換任務和過濾無關信息以專註於某些任務的大腦活動。
這個過程貫穿各個年齡段。因此，無論你年齡多大，學習一門新語言都是一件好事。事實上，如果一個人一生接受雙語思維鍛煉，那麼，這樣的腦運動可以幫助這個人延緩面臨老年痴呆症和健忘症等腦部疾病的可能，延緩期可長達5年之久！總的來說，對於語言學習者來說，這是個好消息：學習雙語能夠讓大腦更健康、使腦神經連接更複雜、更積極地進行腦部運作。
TAG:學外語那點事 |