糧食不夠吃了？有機農業展新招

論文標題：Strategies for feeding the world more sustainably with organic agriculture

作者：Adrian Muller et al

數字識別碼：10.1038/s41467-017-01410-w

原文鏈接：

《自然-通訊》上發表的文章Strategies for feeding the world more sustainably with organic agriculture利用糧食系統模型評估了有機農業的可持續性。

有機農業被認為是實現糧食系統可持續性的一種行之有效的方法，但其可行性也受到了質疑。來自蘇黎世聯邦理工學院的Christian Schader及同事，用一個能分析有機農業的農學特性的糧食系統模型，來分析有機農業在可持續糧食系統中可能發揮的作用。

研究發現，100％轉化成有機農業比傳統農業需要更多的土地，但減少了氮肥盈餘和農藥的使用。然而，結合減少的糧食浪費，減少餵養牲畜耕地生產的飼料，以及相應減少的動物產品的生產與消耗，有機農業下的土地使用量仍低於參考情景。雖然溫室氣體排放等其他指標有所改善，但充足的氮供應卻受到了挑戰。

除了重視生產外，糧食系統可持續性還需要解決廢棄物、農作物—草畜相互依存關係和人類消費問題。沒有任何一項相應的戰略應該百分之百實施，但是將它們的部分實施相結合，便有助於實現糧食的可持續性生產。

摘要：Organic agriculture is proposed as a promising approach to achieving sustainable food systems, but its feasibility is also contested. We use a food systems model that addresses agronomic characteristics of organic agriculture to analyze the role that organic agriculture could play in sustainable food systems. Here we show that a 100% conversion to organic agriculture needs more land than conventional agriculture but reduces N-surplus and pesticide use. However, in combination with reductions of food wastage and food-competing feed from arable land, with correspondingly reduced production and consumption of animal products, land use under organic agriculture remains below the reference scenario. Other indicators such as greenhouse gas emissions also improve, but adequate nitrogen supply is challenging. Besides focusing on production, sustainable food systems need to address waste, crop–grass–livestock interdependencies and human consumption. None of the corresponding strategies needs full implementation and their combined partial implementation delivers a more sustainable food future.

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