如何鍛煉領導力？怎樣培養獨立思考的能力？

Here are 5 ways to become an independent thinker and a successful leader

成為獨立思考者與成功領導者的五大方法

Image: REUTERS/Zoran Milich

圖片來源：路透社/Zoran Milich

Leaders think independently and are not afraid to stand out from the crowd.領導者獨立思考，而且不畏懼在人群中脫穎而出。

Independent thinkers are refreshing. They use their ownlens(視角）tofilter（過濾）information and inform their thoughts. Independent thinkers don』t allow other people』s thinking to become their thinking. They don』t adopt information 「as is.」

獨立思考者頭腦清醒。他們透過自己的視角過濾信息，形成自己的思想。獨立思考者拒絕在思想上隨波逐流。對於信息，他們不會簡單地全盤接受。

It takes courage to have your own thoughts. Saying something different from the majority or the loudminoritycan make youvulnerable（容易遭受） to attack. An urge to remain silent to feel safe is what makes people vulnerable togroupthink, which candiscourage originality（原創性） or accountability（責任心）.

擁有自己的思想是需要勇氣的。與主流觀點或喧囂的少數派觀點持不同意見時，容易遭受攻擊。為了獲得安全感而保持沉默是人們思維趨同的原因，這對原創性和責任心都是一種打擊。

Leaders do not look for safetyin numbers. They follow the route that allows them to remain true to themselves and thatgarners credibility and respect.Advocate for yourself, and demonstrate your leadership.Here are five ways you can become (or remain) an independent thinker:

領導者不會一味地追求安全。他們所選擇的道路，既能保持真我，又能收穫信任與尊重。做自己的支持者，展現自己的領導才能。以下是幫助你成為（或繼續作為）獨立思考者的五大方法。

1. Read.

閱讀。

Reading other people』s wordsexposes you to their thoughts.Expand your mind by listening to what other individuals have to say.Intentionally（有意識地）seek out articles or books that you mightotherwise avoid. Leaders challenge their own views by listening to others.

閱讀其他人的話語可以讓你了解他們的思想。聆聽他人的心聲，拓展自己的思維。有意識地找出那些你可能不太想閱讀的文章或書籍。領導者會通過聆聽他人的想法來挑戰自己的觀點。

2. Identify the other argument.

認同另一方的觀點。

Play devil』s advocate, and challenge your views. Ask yourself, 「What if the opposite was true, as well?」 Leaders recognize that other people』s perspectives can be right, too.

故意唱反調，挑戰自己的觀點。問問自己：「如果相反的觀點也是對的呢？」領導者會承認其他人的觀點也可能是正確的。

3. Interact with people who are different than you.

與不同於自己的人們交流。

Put yourself out there, and interact with people who may not hold the same views as you. Consider engaging with people of a different age,race/ethnicity,gender,sexual orientation,political affiliationorsocioeconomic level.

走出去，去和那些或許持有與自己不同觀點的人們交流。考慮與不同年齡、種族、性別、性取向、政治立場或者社會經濟地位的人打交道。

If you know of an individual that has different opinions, ask them to coffee. Make the meeting brief and informal. Don』t feel the need tohash out the issues（解決問題）oriron out your differences（消除分歧）in your first conversation. First, get to know the person. You may find commonalities that you were unaware of and to which you can relate. This may help you to be more open to their views and beless attached toyour original thinking.

如果你知道有人與自己所持觀點不同，不妨邀請他們去喝杯咖啡。讓整個會面簡短一點，而且不用很正式。不必認為在第一次談話中就要解決問題或者消除分歧。也許你會發現之前沒有意識到、且能產生共鳴的相同點。這或許可以幫助你以更開放的心態聽取他們的觀點，減少對自己原有想法的堅持。

4. Travel.

旅行。

Open your mind to different cultures and experiences, and enhance your life experience. Go to different parts of your country, as well as foreign countries. Connect with people. Stay in locally owned hotels. Take public transportation. Go to a local market. Travel like a local. Live, even if it isbrief（簡短的）, like someone else. Open your eyes to another world.

接受不同的文化和經歷，提升自己的人生閱歷。既要去本國的不同地方，也要去其他國家。與人們溝通，住當地人自營的旅館，搭乘公共交通，去當地的超市。即使時間不長，也要像本地人、像其他人一樣旅行。開闊眼界，去看看另一個世界。

5. Focus on respect.

努力獲得尊重。

If you want to be liked, you risk following what other people do or think.Strive for respect. Leaders take the road less traveled. The path may not be as smooth, but respect and leadership do not come easily.

如果你想受人喜歡，你也許會陷入隨波逐流的境地。努力獲得尊重吧。領導者會走不尋常的路，這條路可能並不平坦，但尊重和領導力不是輕而易舉就能獲得的。

Do your own thinking.Don』t follow others because it is the easy or safe option.Strength doesn』t come in numbers. Strength comes in one』s ability to have and express one"s views.

獨立思考。不要為了追求輕鬆或安全而選擇人云亦云。人不會隨隨便便就獲得力量。唯有擁有自己的觀點並能將其表達出來，方能獲得力量。

初譯 | 張愫恆

審校 | 庄佳豪

本文由有譯思翻譯團隊翻譯

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