新的期待：76人防守陣容詳解
Given the hopes of fans and the team alike before 2018 free agency began, the Philadelphia 76ers』 summer has been an underwhelming one. LeBron James and Paul George signed elsewhere. Kawhi Leonard was snapped up by top Eastern Conference competitors, the Toronto Raptors.
考慮到2018年自由市場開啟前球迷的期望值，費城76人今夏的操作確實表現平平。看看球隊曾經盯緊的三條大魚吧：勒布朗-詹姆斯和保羅-喬治簽了其他球隊，而科懷-倫納德則被東部的頂級競爭者猛龍「收入囊中」。
The Sixers can still improve through star development rather than star hunting, though. And while a lot of that progression rests on whatever improvements we see from Ben Simmons, Joel Embiid and a Drew Hanlen-trained version of Markelle Fultz, one area we know the Sixers can excel is defense.
不過除了追求巨星，76人還能通過培養自家球星來提高球隊實力。不過西蒙斯、恩比德和經Drew Hanlen訓練後的富爾茨在休賽季有多大長進我們還無從得知，因此他們能夠為球隊帶來多大的提升還是個未知數。但我們現在很清楚的是，防守依然會是76人下賽季的強項。
Last season, the Sixers』 plethora of size and athleticism fostered the third-best defense in the NBA. Defensive Player of the Year runner-up Embiid anchored the team with his unique and overwhelming combination of length and agility. Meanwhile, Robert Covington blossomed into an All-Defensive First Team forward and Ben Simmons shone, showcasing remarkable versatility and IQ for a rookie.
上個賽季，76人以其出眾的身材優勢和運動能力打出了聯盟第三的防守效率。恩比德在最佳防守球員的投票中遺憾落選，但他用獨特的長度優勢及令人難以置信的敏捷程度為球隊築起了防守支柱。與此同時，科溫頓成長為一防前鋒；西蒙斯雖然只是個新秀，卻也在防守端展現出了自己的全面性和超凡的球商，漸露鋒芒。
Simmons』 entrance and a far heavier dosage of Embiid (up from 25.4 minutes in 31 games as a rookie to 30.3 minutes in 63 appearances) were the leading changes in lifting the Sixers』 from 17th in defensive rating in 2016-17 to third. With elite rim protection and massive lineups that can switch so freely, Philly』s young core isn』t just special for its offensive talents. And with its integral defenders still in place after free agency and the draft — and let』s not forget Amir Johnson』s savvy and TJ McConnell』s grit off the bench — a couple of roster changes could lead to an even better defensive showing in 2018-19.
76人僅花了一個賽季就將防守效率排名由第17提升到第3，主要原因有西蒙斯的復出和恩比德球場戲份的大幅增加（從新秀賽季場均出戰25.4分鐘打31場上升到場均30.3分鐘打63場）。擁有頂級的護筐能力和任意換防的陣容搭配，費城的年輕核心們不僅僅是因為進攻的才華而表現得與眾不同。在選秀結束和自由市場完成交易後，76人的整體防守依舊十分到位——不要忘記阿米爾-約翰遜的防守技巧和麥康奈爾在替補陣容中帶來的堅韌——一系列的陣容變化甚至可能會讓球隊下賽季的防守表現變得更好。
Mike Muscala obviously isn"t a shot blocker, but these plays show his solid mobility at 6"10". He can defend well enough.
— Tom West (@TomWestNBA) July 19, 2018
「Tom West推特：邁克-穆斯卡拉顯然不是一個蓋帽手，但這些回合也展現出一些特質：作為一名6尺10寸的大個子，穆斯卡拉擁有相當不錯的機動性。他的防守能力已經足夠好了，再加上他不錯的三分能力和一小點傳球，他會在替補陣容中發揮得如魚得水。」
Wilson Chandler
威爾森錢德勒
A lack of athletic, two-way wings was one of the Sixers』 biggest problems in the playoffs last season. J.J. Redick and Marco Belinelli were singled out and attacked by anyone the Boston Celtics could throw at them — it』s no surprise that three of the Sixers』 five worst defensive playoff lineups (minimum 10 minutes played) featured both Belinelli and Redick.
缺少運動能力出色，攻防兼備的側翼球員是76人上賽季季後賽最致命的要害。雷迪克和貝里內利被凱爾特人球員拎出來輪番單吃——如果翻一翻76人季後賽防守最差的5套陣容搭配（至少共同出場10分鐘），你能在其中的三套組合里同時看到貝里內利和雷迪克兩個人的名字。
Depending on how Markelle Fultz looks early on, Chandler is primed to be the Sixers』 best bench player to start the season. He』s reliable enough on catch-and-shoot 3s (38.3 percent) and can do more off the dribble, from drives to the odd pull-up, than some of the team』s younger wings (and Covington). That alone will let Chandler provide a nice spark.
由於富爾茨的恢復程度還有待觀察，錢德勒將會成為下賽季初76人的頭號替補球員。他有一手很靠譜的接球就投的三分能力（命中率38.3%）。同時，與隊內的年輕側翼（以及科溫頓）相比，錢德勒還能更多地持球：他可以帶球突破，也可以偶爾完成急停干拔跳投。單從這一點看，錢德勒就能和球隊碰撞出不錯的火花。
Then, there』s the extra dose of defense he provides. Like his offensive game, Chandler』s defense is nothing special, but he』s solid. He has good strength and size to cover other forwards and enough agility to switch onto some guards (just don"t expect him to hang with the fastest opponents on the perimeter). His length also gives him the chance to offer a touch of help around the rim, unlike Philly』s smaller wings.
除了進攻端能帶來足夠的貢獻，他還附帶了防守包。同進攻端表現一樣，錢德勒的防守並不出眾，但是足夠穩定。他有足夠的力量防守其他前鋒，同時具備換防一些後衛所需的敏捷度（只要你別期待他能跟上對方最快的外線球員就行了）。與隊內其他的小個側翼不同，他身高臂長的優勢還讓他有機會在協防護筐方面做出一些貢獻。
At the very least, he』s a far better defender than someone like Belinelli. A trio of Covington, Simmons and Chandler on the wing backed up by Embiid inside would be imposing for any team to face.
退一萬步說，他的防守起碼比貝里內利這類球員強多了。科溫頓、西蒙斯和錢德勒的側翼組合，加上恩比德的內線屏障，足以讓任何一支球隊吃癟了。
Markelle Fultz
馬克爾-富爾茨
The potential of Markelle Fultz』s 2018-19 campaign is about far more than just (hopefully) made 3-pointers. Besides his playmaking and creativeness off-the-bounce to attack the rim, his defense was a pleasant surprise to close the regular season. At 6』4」 with a 6』10」 wingspan, he has the size and more than enough quickness to be a plus defender against guards. Now that he"s healthy and preparing for a larger role (one that"s shooting dependent, of course), this adds another dynamic to the bench from day one.
我們對富爾茨的2018-19賽季的期待，不只是練出三分那麼簡單（不過還是先盼著他能練出三分吧）。除了組織進攻和創造性十足的攻筐能力，賽季末段富爾茨展示出的防守能力也是十分喜人。富爾茨身長6尺4寸（約193cm），臂展6尺10寸（約208cm），體格足夠的同時速度也遠超平均水平，這讓他擁有了成為優秀後衛防守者的基本條件。如今只要富爾茨恢復健康，並準備好承擔更重要的（當然是要會投籃的）角色，他還能用防守為替補陣容增添新的活力。
Fultz showed off encouraging effort and IQ as well. He was often alert off the ball, and demonstrated some natural instincts to break up passing lanes and help effectively. Mix that with his athleticism, and you can get plays like this. Fultz keeps an eye on Trey Burke』s incoming drive, recongizes that no one else is in position to help, and shifts over the lane to elevate for a huge block:
富爾茨同時也展現出了令人振奮的拼勁和出色的防守智商。他通常對持球人的位置保持警覺，同時展現出一種破壞傳球路線和高效協防的本能嗅覺。加之他出色的運動能力，你可以看到很多類似這樣的回合。富爾茨注意到了伯克即將突破至內線，然後意識到那個位置沒人能夠協防，於是他迅速穿越禁區送出一記大帽。
Fultz-Covington-Simmons-Chandler-Embliid is a potentially fierce defensive lineup to try, with plenty of size, switching ability and Fultz in place to stick with a smaller point guard (like Terry Rozier, who was too nifty for Covington to keep up with in the playoffs). If Fultz can shoot well enough to stay on the floor with Simmons, then so many options open up.
富爾茨-科溫頓-西蒙斯-錢德勒-恩比德的五人組合可能是76人未來最強悍的防守陣容，這個陣容身體強壯，能換防。富爾茨正好能對上一個更矮小的控衛（例如羅齊爾，如果讓科溫頓防，腳步會有些跟不上），如果他能練出不錯的投籃能力來搭配西蒙斯，那麼陣容搭配將會有更多樣的選擇。
Zhaire Smith
扎伊爾-史密斯
Zhaire Smith is everything Marco Belinelli wasn"t for Philly — a hyper athletic, fast, long, disruptive defender. There』s no way you can hope to cook Smith repeatedly on the ball.
對76人而言，扎伊爾-史密斯具備貝里內利缺乏的所有特質——跑跳能力，速度，身高臂展和侵略性的防守。你別指望著自己能夠像面對貝里內利時那樣一次又一次地破壞史密斯的防守。
The problem for now is that he』s also injured. In typical, cursed, Sixers first-round draft pick fashion, Smith suffered an acute Jones fracture in his left foot at a Las Vegas development camp.
目前的問題是，史密斯「沿襲」了近些年76人首輪秀的傳統，也受傷了。他在拉斯維加斯的球員發展訓練營中遭遇了左腳瓊斯骨折（即第五跖骨骨幹骨折）。
An acute Jones fracture would be the same injury which sidelined Ben Simmons during his rookie season. A frequent timeline given (*note: not by anyone who has reviewed Smith"s injury) is 10-12 weeks. But, again, each injury is different. https://t.co/zZ1kRRaR3G
— Derek Bodner (@DerekBodnerNBA) August 7, 2018
「Derek Bodner：史密斯的急性瓊斯骨折和致使西蒙斯賽季報銷的傷病是一樣的，一般情況下的恢復周期是10-12周（只是「一般情況下」，並非醫學診斷）。但還是那句話，傷病恢復情況是因人而異的。」
It couldn』t be a more frustrating way to hinder his early progress. The Sixers could have used the depth that Smith』s athleticism and defense provides. Until a potential return before Christmas, Furkan Korkmaz, for instance, who lacks the bounce and lateral quickness to be a plus defender, is in position to earn a few extra minutes.
這種阻礙他在生涯初期進步的方式是最令人沮喪的，76人本可以充分利用好史密斯的運動能力和防守能力來增加陣容深度。如今，到史密斯可能復出的聖誕節之前，富爾坎-科爾克馬茲會獲得額外的幾分鐘出場時間，不過他彈跳不好，橫移速度也不夠，距離一個優秀的防守者還差得遠。
That said, Smith』s injury still isn』t going to have much of an impact on the team』s overall performance. He was drafted for his upside. Until we see him prove he can perform as a near average catch-and-shoot 3-point threat, and ideally sharpen up his ball handling, he won』t be earning many minutes.
不過話說回來，史密斯目前的傷勢問題仍然不會對球隊的整體表現有太大的影響。他之所以被看重是因為他的上限，在我們看到他練出有一定威脅的定點三分，以及儘可能地打磨好運球能力之前，史密斯都不會獲得太多出場時間。
However, if his offense is reliable enough to increase his role later in the season, he』ll really be able to show just how valuable his defense can be.
然而只要史密斯在之後的賽季進攻變得足夠可靠，角色也變得更加重要後，他便能有機會真正地展現自己的防守價值。
Generally speaking, rookies aren"t good defenders. Sure, there are guys like Simmons who shatter expectations, but it』s generally unfair to expect a first-year player to be a positive defensively. It』s just that difficult to adjust to the increased size, speed and talent of the NBA after leaving college.
通常來講，新秀的防守不會太好。當然總會有像西蒙斯這樣的球員會打破人們的常規預期，但一般來說，期待一個球員新秀賽季就在防守端表現得十分積極是不太公平的。在大學畢業進入NBA後，想要適應這裡的身體對抗、速度和天賦變化是非常困難的。
Smith is perfectly built to follow (to an extent) in the footsteps of his young teammate, though. Smith can provide spells of defense where he』s a menace on the ball. He uses his lateral quickness and fast reactions incredibly well to bother players on the ball, and has the explosiveness and drive to contest shots all around the court (the Summer League and college clips in the video below are nice examples):
不過在某種程度上講，史密斯可以算的上是步了西蒙斯的「後塵」。他的防守能力對於持球人會是一個威脅，他還能利用自身優秀的橫移和快速反應能力來干擾持球人，同時具備隨時撲到場上任何一個位置干擾投籃的爆發力（以下幾個夏聯和大學時期的片段就是很好的例子）：
With the ability to switch onto some small forwards, especially as he continues to add strength, Smith can do everything the Sixers" defense was missing on the wing in the playoffs. Throw in his instincts and awareness off the ball, and he has every chance to adjust to the NBA quicker than most. Elite defensive teammates and good coaching from Brett Brown will be essential there, too.
目前已經能換防一些小前鋒的史密斯，如果繼續增強力量，將能彌補76人季後賽中出現的所有側翼防守漏洞。加上出色的球感和無球意識，他有很大幾率比大多數人更快適應NBA。隊友出色的防守經驗和主教練布雷特-布朗的悉心指導也將會是成長過程中必不可少的。
One of the more interesting lineups the Sixers could (ideally) try next season is Fultz-Smith-Covington-Saric-Simmons. While Simmons certainly can』t be asked to play defensive center in long stretches, he has enough size and physicality to try this situationally for short bursts against smaller teams.
76人下賽季最有趣的陣容之一可能會是「富爾茨-史密斯-科溫頓-沙里奇-西蒙斯」組成的五小，西蒙斯肯定是沒辦法在很長一段時間內擔任中鋒的角色，但他同樣也有足夠的身材和身體素質客串一下，以期在面對更小的陣容時能有個短時間內的應對辦法。
Again, Simmons playing with Fultz and Smith is probably a long shot. But if Fultz and Smith canshoot well enough to get this group on the floor (which is a huge 「if」), deploying Simmons at center could be the way to do it, unleashing an insanely dynamic, switchable lineup that can even encourage Simmons to operate more as an off-ball screener/pick-and-roll diver next to Fultz』s playmaking, too. If everything clicks, this is one of the Sixers』 most intriguing, high-upside lineups.
不過西蒙斯同富爾茨、史密斯的搭配可能是「很遙遠的將來」了，但如果富爾茨和史密斯的投籃能力進步到可以撐起這個陣容時（這個「如果」的假設還是比較大膽的），把西蒙斯推到中鋒可能的確是個不錯的方法。排出一套運動能力溢出、可以無限換防的陣容，甚至還可以讓西蒙斯配合富爾茨多打擋拆：西蒙斯作為無球掩護人/擋拆下順者，富爾茨發起戰術。如果一切順利，這將是76人最吸引人，上限最高的陣容。
The Sixers』 potential defensive improvements may not up their league ranking. The reigning NBA-best defense of the Boston Celtics isn』t easing up any time soon, especially now they』ll be adding Gordon Hayward (yet another impactful, switchy wing) to the mix and they retained Marcus Smartin free agency. The second-ranked Utah Jazz kept Derrick Favors and they still have Rudy Gobert, the NBA』s best rim protector, surrounded by a host of long wings. The fourth-ranked San Antonio Spurs may have taken a hit after losing Kawhi Leonard, but now that he and Danny Green are in Toronto (who already ranked fifth last season), the Sixers will face an even better defense in their conference. The Oklahoma City Thunder can』t be forgotten, either. Without Carmelo Anthony and the return of a healthy Andre Roberson, they』ll be at their peak.
不過需要面對的現實是，76人潛在的防守進步可能並不會幫助他們提高排名。上賽季防守效率最佳的波士頓凱爾特人隊並不會馬上放鬆下來，尤其是如今海沃德（另一個頗具防守影響力，能夠換防的側翼）即將回歸，他們還在自由市場中重新簽回了斯馬特。排名第二的猶他爵士留下了德里克-費沃斯，此外在聯盟最好的護筐者魯迪-戈伯特身邊，還圍繞著一群側翼長人。上賽季馬刺的防守排在聯盟第四，他們可能會在倫納德離隊後受創，但如今倫納德和丹尼格林都在猛龍（上賽季防守效率第五），76人將在東區面對更強悍的防守。雷霆同樣不能被忽略，在安東尼離隊和羅伯森健康歸來後，他們的防守也能達到一個新的高度。
Nevertheless, the Sixers could still maintain top-five status. As long as Embiid is healthy for most of the season again, they』re ready to elevate their defense with another year of experience and some extra athleticism and versatility at their disposal. When Smith returns to join Chandler off the bench, Philly』s defensive ceiling will be a little higher still, heading into next year』s playoffs with far less concern on the wing.
然而只要恩比德在賽季的的大部分時間裡都保持健康，76人仍能保持前五名的防守水準。一整個賽季的打磨會讓他們在防守端更上一層樓，而且他們還通過引援增強了球隊的運動能力和防守全面性。當史密斯回到替補席與錢德勒並肩作戰時，76人的防守上限還會更高一些；而到了明年季後賽時，側翼的防守困擾會減輕很多。
In a year with some offensive question marks due to the uncertainty of Fultz and no star additions, that』s something to be excited about.
富爾茨恢復程度的不確定性，以及沒有巨星加入給76人下賽季的進攻水準畫了一個問號；但看看防守端，還是有一些地方值得我們去激動的。
All statistics courtesy of Basketball-Reference.com and NBA.com.
全部數據由Basketball-Reference.com和 NBA.com提供。
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