美國外交關係協會：印度在世界舞台上的崛起之路
【世界決定視界】【視界決定世界】
歡迎打開「我與我們的世界」，從此，讓我們一起縱覽世界之風雲變幻、洞察社會之脈搏律動、感受個體之生活命運、挖掘自然之點滴奧妙。
我與我們的世界，既是一個奮鬥的世界，也是一個思考的世界。奮而不思則罔，思而不奮則殆。這個世界，你大，它就大；你小，它就小。
歡迎通過上方公眾號名稱，來挖掘本公眾號與大家共享的往期文章，因為，每期都能讓你「走近」不一樣的世界、帶給你不一樣的精彩。
本期導讀：美國外交關係協會（Council on Foreign Relations, CFR）是美國一個專門從事外交政策和國際事務的非營利、無黨派的會員制組織、出版商和智庫，被認為是美國最有影響力的外交政策智庫之一。
正如在其網站里所指出，美國外交關係協會的使命是讓其成員、政府官員、新聞工作者、教育工作者與學生、民間和宗教領袖、以及其他關注各國外交政策的公民，更好地了解世界以及美國和其他國家所面臨的對外政策選擇。
在對外政策宣傳與研究領域，外交關係協會備受矚目。外交關係協會亦被稱為對外關係委員會，是美國外交政策方面最為著名的智庫，正式成立於1921年，總部設在紐約，在華盛頓特區設有辦公室。其任務主要是廣泛宣傳美國的外交政策，並根據決策集團的意圖，對重大國際問題組織公眾進行討論，搜集民意，發表研究報告，以影響政策的制定。
外交關係協會成員幾乎都是美國政商兩界的重量級人物，外交協會的企業會員也遍布各個領域，外交關係協會的研究人員中，彙集了美國政府的眾多要員，這些人員提升了協會的社會知名度和影響力。外交關係協會的主要資金來源是卡內基國際和平捐助基金、洛克菲勒、摩根等基金會和財團。同時，還有個人成員會費、公司成員會費、出版物、投資和出租收入等。
與美國其他政策研究組織或智庫相似，外交關係協會同樣會通過一批專業的學者和研究人員，對與國家安全有關的外交政策問題進行研究、分析。研究結束後，協會就在會員中、會員與政府高級官員間召開交流活動，以期對政策制定者產生影響，不過，該協會並非僅以間接提出報告的方式實現自己的影響，還一直都在政府核心尋找或培植自己的直接代言人。
外交關係協會自成立以來，秉持「眼光向外」的全球理念，為美國政府制定了許多外交政策，成為政府外交政策的權威，因此被稱為美國的「無形政府」、「政治家的學校」，《新聞周刊》曾稱其為「美國外交政策的權勢集團」。
外交關係協會編輯出版著名的雙月刊《外交事務》（Foreign Affairs）雜誌，自1922年9月創刊以來，《外交事務》成為美國重大對外和國際事務的權威觀點發源地，在闡述各國外交進展及趨勢方面具有非常大的影響力，該雜誌經常刊登辛格和斯坦利·霍夫曼等美國知名外交家、國際政治學者的論文。
How India is Making Its Place in the World
印度在世界舞台上的崛起之路
小編註：譯文部分僅供參考；本公眾號更多「新書速遞」、「美國外交關係協會」、「印度崛起」相關文章，見文末「往期精彩」。
Our Time Has Come: How India is Making Its Place in the World, Alyssa Ayres, Oxford University Press
《印度時代已經來臨：印度在世界舞台上的崛起之路》，著者： 阿莉莎·艾爾絲，出版社：牛津大學出版社
A rising India wants a seat at the table of global powers, and is ready to set its own terms on everything from defense to climate to trade. Ayres considers how a fiercely independent India seeks its place as a leading power, and how the United States should respond.
崛起中的印度，勢必想要在世界舞台上獲得屬於自己的一席之地，貌似也已準備好在系列全球議題領域，從安全防務到氣候變化，再到全球貿易等，展現自己的實力。作者艾爾絲在《印度時代已經來臨：印度在世界舞台上的崛起之路》一書中，對越來越按自己意志行事的印度如何試圖在世界舞台上尋得屬於自己的一席之地，以及美國該如何進行因應等問題，進行了深度觀察和思考。
Read an excerpt from Our Time Has Come:
《印度時代已經來臨》精彩一瞥：
「More than at any time over the past quarter-century,India is well on its way to global power,」 writes Alyssa Ayres in a new book,Our Time Has Come: How India is Making its Place in the World. She notes, 「We are witnessing a country chart its course to power, and explicitlyseeking not to displace others but to be recognizedamong the club of world powers, one in which it believes its membership is long overdue.」
InOur Time Has Come, Ayres, the Council on Foreign Relations Senior Fellow for India, Pakistan, and South Asia, considers the role this ascendant democracy will play internationally, the obstacles it continues to face, and the implications of its rise for the United States and other nations.
Over the past twenty-five years, India』s economic expansion has vaulted it into the ranks of the world』s emerging major powers. A rising India now wants a seat at the table of global powers. With its huge military and growing economy, India is ready to set its own terms on everything from defense to climate to trade.
While Ayres makes the case for India』s elevated global position,she also highlights the challengesthe country faces:
The Indian economy remains relatively protectionist,and no clear consensus exists on the benefits of a more open economy or stepping up the pace of economic reforms.
India struggles with the legacy of its longstanding foreign policy doctrine of nonalignment, and remains ambivalent about how it should exercise power.
India is intensely pro-tective of what it sees as its autonomy, and seeks to shape international interactions very specifically on Indian terms.
「Our [the United States』] relationship with democratic India—going from estrangement of the Cold War decades to partnership in the twenty-first century—as it emerges among the world』s great powers will likely stand as a defining policy shift, one that we missed in the twentieth century but have pursued in the twenty-first,」 writes Ayres.
The United States』 relationship with Indiadiffers from its relationships with longstanding European and Asian partnersbecause New Delhi, while seeking a closer strategic and economic relationship with the United States, does not seek the obligations inherent to an alliance.
To help shapethis nontraditional partnership, Ayres emphasizes the need for global governance reform that makes space for India. Her recommendations include backing Indian membership in the Group of Seven, the UN Security Council, and other institutions that set the global economic and security agenda; developing stronger bilateral economic ties with India; continuing to pursue stronger regional security cooperation with India; and supporting institutions of democracy.
「India, as a rising power of Asia, should be better understood and better appreciated in its own terms—as a competitiveness issue for U.S. economic and business interests, and as a matter of the demands of the new global diplomacy in which all of Asia plays a much more pivotal role,」 writes Ayres.
作者簡介：Alyssa Ayresis senior fellow forIndia, Pakistan, and South Asia at the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR). She came to CFR after serving asdeputy assistant secretary of state for South Asia from 2010 to 2013. At CFR her work focuses onIndia』s role in the world and on U.S. relations with South Asia. In 2015, she served as the project director for the CFR-sponsored independent task force on U.S.-India relations, and from 2014 to 2016, as the project director for an initiative on thenew geopolitics of China, India, and Pakistansupported by theMacArthur Foundation. During her tenure at the State Department in the Barack Obama administration, Ayres covered all issues across a dynamic region of 1.3 billion people (Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, and Sri Lanka) and provided policy direction for four U.S. embassies and four consulates.
小編註：
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