How does food and water get contaminated with Campylobacter?

Many chickens, cows, and other birds and animals that show no signs of illness carry Campylobacter. Campylobacter can be carried in the intestines, liver, and giblets of animals and can be transferred to other edible parts of an animal when it』s slaughtered. In 2014, National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) testing found Campylobacter on 33% of raw chicken bought from retailers.

Milk can become contaminated when a cow has a Campylobacter infection in her udder or when milk is contaminated with manure. Other foods, such as fruits and vegetables, can be can become contaminated through contact with soil containing feces from cows, birds, or other animals. Animal feces can also contaminate lakes and streams. Pasteurization of milk, washing or scrubbing of fruits and vegetables, and disinfection of drinking water helps prevent illness.

食物和水如何被彎曲桿菌污染？

許多雞、牛和其他沒有任何感染跡象的鳥類和動物都可攜帶彎曲桿菌。彎曲桿菌可以存在於動物的腸道、肝臟和內臟中，並可以在動物被屠宰時轉移到其他可食用的部位。2014年，國家抗菌素耐藥性監測系統檢測發現，從零售商購買的生雞肉中，有33%存在彎曲桿菌。

如果奶牛乳房感染了彎曲桿菌，或者牛奶被糞便污染，牛奶就會被彎曲桿菌污染。其他食物，如水果和蔬菜，可能通過接觸來自牛、鳥或其他動物糞便污染的土壤而被污染。動物糞便也可污染湖泊和溪流。對牛奶進行巴氏殺菌，清洗或擦洗水果和蔬菜，以及對飲用水進行消毒有助於預防疾病。

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